급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

A Narrative Study on the Preparation Period for the Performance Improvement of the Winner of TAEKWONDO Demonstration Competitions

Kwack Hyun-tae,Shin Ho-chul J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.1

This study examines the empirical meaning of the winners of the breaking events at taekwondo demonstration competitions through these narratives, identifies the psychological characteristics of the winners through the psychological technology model of Vealey(1988), and captures the stories in the winning experiences. The pur-pose is to share ways to improve the performance and to provide the necessary information for the psychological training of the field leaders and athletes through the psychological characteristics of the elite athletes of the taekwondo demonstration competitions. Participants for the narrative research were selected through the purposed sampling, and four athletes who had won the championship in the last three years were selected and interviewed from the Taekwondo Hanmadang competition and university president s flag competitions organized by the Korea National Sport Uni-versity and Yongin University. First, in the preparation for the competition, the basic techniques were repeated practice, strategic composi-tion, basic physical strength, diet control, and protective mats. Basic techniques included self-efficacy, and psy-chological techniques included stress management, image training through relaxation, motor-sensory image training, inner mental training, and leadership, encouragement, conditioning, and communication. Second, in the stories of the competition venue, repeated practice appeared as a basic technique among psy-chological techniques. Self-efficacy and sports confidence were shown as basic skills, and during the practice process, mental image training, subjective goals, cognitive strategies, internal mental training, self-talk, and ob-jective goals were shown as psychological techniques. Interpersonal orientation was a facilitation technique, and performance technique included adaptation to the environmental factors, strategic analysis, and focus.

대학 태권도 시범단원들의 자기관리가 운동 스트레스와 경기력에 미치는 영향

곽현태(Kwack, Hyun-Tae),한상일(Han, Sang-Il),윤정호(Yun, Jeong-Ho) 한국코칭능력개발원 2021 코칭능력개발지 Vol.23 No.3

Molecular Mechanism of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-induced Target Organ Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

Jae Seok Choi,Young Jun Lee,Tae Hyung Kim,Hyun Jung Lim,Mee Young Ahn,Seung Jun Kwack,Tae Seok Kang,Kui Lea Park,Jaewon Lee,Nam Deuk Kim,Tae Cheon Jeong,Sang Geum Kim,Hye Gwang Jeong,Byung Mu Lee,Hyun 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are present in many consumer products ranging from fabrics to plastics and electronics. Wide use of flame retardants can pose an environmental hazard, which makes it important to determine the mechanism of their toxicity. In the present study, dose-dependent toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male prepubertal rats (postnatal day 18) treated orally with TBBPA at 0, 125, 250 or 500 ㎎/㎏ for 30 days. There were no differences in body weight gain between the control and TBBPA-treated groups. However, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in high dose of TBBPA-treated groups. TBBPA treatment led to significant induction of CYP2B1 and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) expression in the liver. In addition, serum thyroxin (T4) concentration was significantly reduced in the TBBPA treated group. These results indicate that repeated exposure to TBBPA induces drug-metabolising enzymes in rats through the CAR signaling pathway. In particular, TBBPA efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CYP2B1 induction in rats. We measured 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the kidney, liver and testes of rats following TBBPA treatment. As expected, TBBPA strongly induced the production of 8-OHdG in the testis and kidney. These observations suggest that TBBPA-induced target organ toxicity may be due to ROS produced by metabolism of TBBPA in Sprague-Dawley rats.

A New High-yielding and White Color Baloon Flower Cultivar, "Jangbaek"

Hyun Tae Kim,Jae Duck Seong,Geum Soog Kim,Sang Ik Han,Geun Jae Lim,Yong Ho Kwack,Duck Yong Suh,Soon Shul Kim 한국육종학회 2004 한국육종학회지 Vol.36 No.1

New balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) variety, ‘Jangbaek’, had been developed by pureline selection from some native cultivars collected in Milyang by the medicinal crops research team of the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station at 200

Comparison of the Short Term Toxicity of Phthalate Diesters and Monoesters in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

Kwack, Seung-Jun,Han, Eun-Young,Park, Jae-Seok,Bae, Jung-Yun,Ahn, Il-Young,Lim, Seong-Kwang,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Jang, Dong-Eun,Choi, Lan,Lim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Patra, Nabanita,Park, Kui-Lea,Kim, Hyu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the short term toxicity of nine phthalate diesters including di-2(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diundecyl phthalate (DUP), and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and five phthalate monoesters including mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobutyl phthalate (MBuP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBeP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Animals were administered 250 mg/kg/day (monoesters and PA) or 500 mg/kg/day (diesters) of phthalate for two weeks. All animals were examined for body and organ weights, blood hematology, serum biochemistry, and urine analysis. The body weight gain was significantly lower in rats treated with BBP, DBP, DINP, MEHP, MBuP, and PA than that of control. Liver weights were significantly increased in the DEHP, DBP, DnOP, DIDP, and MEHP groups as compared to the control group. Testes weights were significantly decreased only in the DEHP-, DnOP-, and DIDP-treated groups as compared to the control. Significant differences in hematological changes were not observed in any treatment groups. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed in the DEHP, MEHP, and MBeP groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly increased in the DBP, DUP, DINP, MBuP, and MBeP groups, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased only in the DEHP and MEHP groups. Serum ALP levels were significantly higher in phthalate diester (500 mg/kg/day)-treated rats as compared to control. However, the total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in the DEHP- and DIDP-treated groups, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the DINP-, MEHP-, and MBuP-treated groups. These results suggest that short term toxicity of phthalate monoesters produces adverse effects as similar to phthalate diesters in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Color stabilization in white organic light emitting devices utilizing trapping layers inserted in both an electron transport layer and an emitting layer.

Kwack, Byoung Chan,Lee, Kwang Seop,Choo, Dong Chul,Kim, Tae Whan,Seo, Ji Hyun,Kim, Young Kwan American Scientific Publishers 2008 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.8 No.10

<P>The electrical and the optical properties of white organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) utilizing trapping layers inserted into both an electron transport layer (ETL) and an emitting layer (EML) were investigated. The current density of OLEDs with an ETL containing a 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) layer was slightly smaller than those of other devices. The luminance-current density and luminance efficiency-current density of the OLEDs with rubrene layers embedded in only an ETL or an EML were similar to the blue reference device. While the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum for the OLEDs with a rubrene layer in the ETL in the low voltage range showed the white color, that with rubrene layers in both the EML and the ETL exhibited white color, regardless of the applied voltage. The Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of the white OLEDs became stabilized by inserting rubrene layers into both the EML and the ETL.</P>

Nanoscale Two-Bit/Cell NAND Silicon–Oxide–Nitride–Oxide–Silicon Devices Designed on Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates

Kim, Hyun Joo,You, Joo Hyung,Kwack, Kae Dal,Kim, Tae Whan Japan Society of Applied Physics 2010 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.49 No.9

조세정책이 기업투자에 영향을 미치는가?: 조세조정 토빈 q모형을 이용한 한국의 실증분석

곽태원 ( Tae Won Kwack ),이병기 ( Byoung Ki Lee ),현진권 ( Jin Kwon Hyun ) 한국경제학회 2006 經濟學硏究 Vol.54 No.2

대학도서관의 교내지식자원 통합관리를 위한 법제 개선방안

곽동철,정현태,Kwack, Dong-Chul,Joung, Hyun-Tae 한국비블리아학회 2014 한국비블리아학회지 Vol.25 No.1

국내 대학도서관의 교내 지식자원 수집활동은 대학의 규모에 따라 차이가 크고, 디지털 자원의 수집은 일부 유형에 집중되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 최근 선진국 주요 대학들은 지식생산기지로서 이미지 개선을 통한 경쟁력 제고를 위하여 대학의 지식자원에 대한 OA기반 기관리포지토리 방식의 사회적 개방과 공유 활동을 활발히 전개하고 있다. 본고는 대학 지식자원의 통합관리 적임자로서 대학도서관의 역할을 제고하기 위하여, 대학원, 연구소, 교수학습센터, e-learning 지원센터, 박물관, 출판국, 기록관 등 교내 다양한 조직들이 생산하는 지식자원을 효과적으로 수집하고 통합관리하기 위하여 요구되는 관련법제의 개선방안을 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 전국 176개 종합대학의 도서관규정 운영 실태를 조사하여, 납본범위의 확대와 디지털납본을 촉진하기 위하여 필요한 정비방안을 제시하고, 관련 규정의 개선방안을 검토하였다. In domestic university libraries, the difference between the knowledge resource collection activities on campus is depending on the size of the university, and their collection is concentrated on some types of digital resources. In recent years, the main universities in developed countries has developed actively in social openness and share activities of their knowledge resources, through the OA-based institutional repository, for the purpose of image improvement and competitiveness as a knowledge production base. This study examined ways to improve the relevant regulations in order to effectively collect and systematically manage the knowledge resources from graduate school, research institutes, center for teaching and learning, e-learning center, museum, press, a variety of campus organizations, so as to enhance the role of the library as the right manager of knowledge resources on campus. To this end, this study, considering the improvement of relevant regulations, investigates the operating situation of the library regulations of 176 universities and suggests necessary improvement methods in order to facilitate the digital legal deposit and expand its scope.