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광미를 사용한 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 강도 특성 및 내약품성
이병철,이주경,이윤수,이필호,이구연,전철수 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 1999 석재연 논문집 Vol.4 No.-
본 연구는 세골재의 일부를 광미로 치환하고 혼화제로 SBR 라택스를 사용하여 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트 공시체를 제작한 후 강도특성 및 내약품성을 실험적으로 구명한 것이다. 그 결과 광미를 사용하지 않고 P/C비가 10%일 때 압축강도가 323㎏/㎠로 최고 값을 나타냈으며, 휨강도는 P/C비가 증가할수록 증가하여 P/C비가 10%일 때 89㎏/㎠를 나타냈다. 그리고 광미를 사용한 경우는 P/C비가 10%일때 압축강도가 357㎏/㎠, 휨강도가 92㎏/㎠로서 광미를 사용하지 않은 경우보다 높게 나타났다. 한편 10% HCI, 20%, NaOH 10% NaCl 수용액에 공시체를 3, 7, 14, 21, 28일간 침적 시킨 후 중량변화를 측정하여 내약품성을 실험한다. 광미를 사용한 경우가 우수한 내약품성을 나타냈다. 즉광미를 사용하지 않은 경우 P/C=0%일 때 28일 후 중량 변화가 11%였으나 P/C=20%일 때는 2%였고, 광미를 사용한 경우는 P/C=0%일 때 질량 변화가 6%였으나 P/C=20%일 때는 1.5%였으며 20% ,NaOH 10% NaCl 수용액에서는 질량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Polymer cement concrete is made by the modifying ordinary cement concrete with polymer additive. Until now polymer cement concrete is not used for the structural member, but it is growing to be considered as developing uses such as a waterproof of roof slab, and a road pavement. The polymer cement concrete, being used for those uses, is superior to the cement concrete against the inorganic, organic acid, salt of acetic acid and organic solvents generally. In this paper, the polymer cement concrete was made by the ratio of 1:1 of sands and metal-mine waste rocks in fine aggregate in order to solve the environmental pollution which causes the social problem by metal-mine waste rocks. It was measured for the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chemicals resistance was tested by dealing with 10% HCI, 20% NaOH and 10% NaCI aqueous solution.
Lee, Kooyeon,Lee, Phil Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Chemistry Vol.13 No.31
<P>The reaction of 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinones with organoindium reagents generated in situ from indium and 1,4-dibromo-2-butyne in the presence of LiCl in DMF selectively produced 2-azetidinones which contain a 1,3-butadienyl-2-yl group at the C4-position in good yields. The Diels–Alder reaction of 4-[(1-methylene)prop-2-enyl]-2-azetidinones with a variety of dienophiles provided 2-azetidinones with valuable functional-group-substituted six-membered rings at the C4-position in good yields.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Application of a 1,3-butadien-2-ylation and Diels–Alder reaction: The reaction of 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinones with organoindium reagents selectively produced 2-azetidinones, which contain a 1,3-butadienyl-2-yl group at the C4-position in good yields. The Diels–Alder reaction of 4-[(1-methylene)prop-2-enyl]-2-azetidinones with a variety of dienophiles provided 2-azetidinones with valuable functional-group-substituted six-membered rings at the C4-position in good yields (see scheme). <img src='wiley_img/09476539-2007-13-31-CHEM200700796-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09476539-2007-13-31-CHEM200700796-content'> </P>
Lee, Kooyeon,Lee, Phil Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis Vol.349 No.13
<P>An efficient method for the annulation of five- and six-membered rings onto α,β-enones is described via gold-catalyzed 5- and 6-exo-dig selective cyclizations of alkynyl silyl enol ethers.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P> <img src='wiley_img/16154150-2007-349-13-ADSC200700304-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16154150-2007-349-13-ADSC200700304-content'> </P>
Lee, Phil Ho,Kim, Hyun,Lee, Kooyeon WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis Vol.347 No.9
<P>Reactions of organogallium reagents generated from propargyl bromides having substituents at the γ-position and gallium in the presence of 5 mol % of indium with aldehydes and ketones selectively produced homoallenyl alcohols in good to excellent yields. Treatment of organogallium reagents obtained from propargyl bromide or propargyl bromides having substituents at the α-position and gallium in the presence of 5 mol % of indium with carbonyl compounds selectively afforded homopropargyl alcohols.</P>
이구연 ( Kooyeon Lee ),최광석 ( Gwkang Seok Choi ),김태우 ( Tae Woo Kim ),조관형 ( Kwan Hyung Cho ),강동진 ( Dongjin Kang ),김성태 ( Sung Tae Kim ),장동진 ( Dong-jin Jang ) 한국산업식품공학회 2017 산업 식품공학 Vol.21 No.2
이 연구에서는 표면반응분석법의 기법 중 하나인 박스-벤켄법을 사용하여 밀가루 반죽의 물리적 특성을 예측하고 조절 할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 반죽의 주요한 물리적 특성으로는 경도, 응집성 그리고 탄력성을 선정하였고 주요한 영향인자들로서 물, 이스트 그리고 발효시간을 선정한 후에 영향인자들과 물리적 특성들의 관계를 나타내는 모델링을 수행하였다. 얻어진 모델을 통하여 설계공간을 설정하고 제조를 위한 최적조건과 예상 결과를 계산할 수 있었으며, 예측된 결과와 실제 결과들은 모두 90% 이상의 정확성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 표면반응분석법에 의한 최적화 기법은 식품산업에서 반죽특성과 최종제품의 품질을 예측하는데 폭넓게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to optimize dough properties using response surface methodology (RSM) and to demonstrate the performances of dough prepared under optimized conditions. Dough mixed with yeast, margarine, salt, sugar and wheat flour was prepared by fermentation process. Hardness, cohesiveness and springiness of dough were selected as critical quality attributes. The critical formulations (yeast and water) and process (fermentation time) variables were selected as critical input variables based on preliminary experiment. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as RSM. As a result, the quardratic, the squared and the linear model respectively provided the most appropriate fit (R<sup>2</sup>>90) and had no significant lack of fit (p>0.05) on critical quality attributes (hardness, cohe-siveness and springiness). The accurate prediction of dough characteristics was possible from the selected models. It was confirmed by validation that a good correlation was obtained between the actual and predicted values. In con-clusion, the methodologies using RSM in this study might be applicable to the optimization of fermented foods con-taining various wheat flour and yeast.
Phil Ho Lee,Jaekeun Park,Kooyeon Lee,Hyoung-Chun Kim 강원대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 기초과학연구 Vol.10 No.-
Unsymmetrical dialkenyl ketones were prepared from the reactions of alkenyl alkynyl ketones with 0.55 equiv of lithium dialkylcuprates.
Jongmi Baek,Jaesung Lee,Kyoungkon Kim,Taewoo Kim,Daejung Kim,Cheonan Kim,Kanazawa Tsutomu,Sarangowa Ochir,Kooyeon Lee,Cheol Ho Park,Yong-Jik Lee,Myeon Choe 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.2
Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.