Self - protective Activity of Colostral IgA Globulin from Tryptic Digestion

Kim, Woo Jung,Kang, Yoon Se,Shim, Bong Sop,Cho, Sung Hoon,Lee, Du Bong 생화학분자생물학회 1971 BMB Reports Vol.2 No.2

Although the amount of IgA in serum is small compared with the amount of IgG, IgA is redominant in secretory fluids such as colostrum, saliva, nasal fluid and tears. IgA from the colostrum and saliva has a higher sedimentation constant (11S) than serum IgA(7S), and 11S colostral IgA has additional antigenic determinants with specificities which are not present in serum IgA. In addition to the heavy and light chains present in the molecule of serum IgA, colostral IgA has another protein component-the transport piece or the secretory piece. Immune globulin in colostrum accounts for the immunity to certain infections acquired by newborn mammals after suckling. After hydrolysis in the gut, proteins in the form of aminoacids are thought to be absorbed, but there is -no experimental evidence for this. We have therefore studied the problems as follows. Colostrum was collected after delivery from primiparous women, and colostraI IgA was purified by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography according to the method of Cebra and Robins. Antitryptic activity was measured in two ways. First, the inhibitory capacity of whole colostrum against trypsin was performed as described by Faarvang using urea-denatured bovine hemoglobin solution as substarate. Fifty microliters of a 0.2 per cent solution of crude trypsin was warmed at 25 for 20 minutes in a water bath. One hundred and fifty microliters of fresh whole colpstrum, prewarmed to 25 or 150 microliters of human serum was added to the above prewarmed enzyme solution. Two minutes later 0.5 ㎖ of 22 per cent urea-denatured bovine hemoglobin solution and 100 microliters of 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, were added, and the mixture was incubated for 20 minutxs at 25° The undigested protein was then precipitated by 2.5 ㎖ of 0. 3 M trichloroacetic acid. After the mixture had been centrifuged or filtered, 50 microliters of the supernatant was used for the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction. Trichloroacetic acid was added to the blank before addition of the hemoglobin solution, and the absorbance was read at 700 mmicrons with a Beckman DU-2 spectrophotometer. The second method which we followed was as described by Kueppers and Bearn. One part pf 0. 1 per cent bovine fibrinogen in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, ,was mixed with ten parts of 2 per cent hot agar (80-90°in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 8. 0. On mixing the fibrinogen with hot agar the mixture immediately turned cloudy and it was poured onto a glass slide which was kept in a moist chamber for one hour. A longitudinal strip of agar, 3 mm wide, was then cut out to make a trough, and near the trough two wells, 0.4 mm ;in diameter, were punched out of the agar. The trough was filled with 0.2 per cent crLde trypsin solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 8. 0. One hundred microliters of fresh human colostrum or isolated colostral IgA or fresh human serum were introduced side by side into the wells and the slide was left overnight at 40 in a moist chamber. After washing the slide with 0.15 M NaCl to remove the digested fibrinogen peptides, it was stained with amidoblack 10B. Using hemoglobin as substrate, colostrum-unlike serum-did not show antitryptic activity. When, however, either colostrum or colostral IgA was tested using the fibrinogen-agar-gel slide technic, it showed antitryptic activity similar to that shown by serum. The discrepancy between the two results can be explained as follows. Serum antitrypsin acts. directly on the trypsin molecule, thus protecting every kind of protein molecule from tryptic digestion. Colostral IgA on the other hand has only self-protecting activity against trypsin. Thus when hemoglobin was used as substrate there was no antitrypticactivity, whereas in the fibrinogen-agar-gel slide technic antitryptic activity was evident because colostral IgA which cannot be digested by trypsin diffused through the fibrinogen-agar medium. From the theoretical point of view also, colostral antibody should not interfere with the digestion of other nutritionally important proteins in the milk and. it should have only self-protective action for absorption or for its biologic activity in the gut. The presence of antitrypsin in colostrum was thought to aid passive alimentary immunity by delaying they hydrolysis of antibody. Chamberlain and others, however, failed to show the absorption of gamma globulin intact in piglets after experimental addition of antitxypsin. It may be then that passive immunity is aided only by the antitryptic activity of specific, intrinsic colostral IgA. At the present time we do not know whether the whole intact IgA molecule or only that part which retains the antibody activity is protected from tryptic digestion. Serum IgA and. colostral IgA differ in the presence of the so-called transport piece in the calostral IgA molecule. We have demonstrated the presence of the additional protein component in the colostral IgA. by gel filtration of reduced and alkylated colostral IgA, so it seems reasonable to assume that one possible function of the transport piece is to protect the molecule or the part of the molecule which has the antibody activity from proteolytic enzymes in the gut. Direct demonstration of the antitryptic activity of the transport piece is now under progress.

소아 재발성기관지염 치료의 Broncho-Vaxom 임상효과

김학기,이경수,이두봉 최신의학사 1990 最新醫學 Vol.33 No.11

소아기 간종대의 임상병리학적 관찰 : 특히 원인불명성 간종대에 관하여 emphasized on the needle biopsy finding of hepatomegaly unknown etiology

김정규,이철희,이두봉 대한소아과학회 1970 小兒科 Vol.13 No.8

한국 약용식물부터 폴리폐놀류군의 분리 및 기능성화장품소제로서의 응용

배두경,김성기,고대원,이창언,이진태,안봉전 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2001 생명자원과 산업 Vol.5 No.-

For develope the functional cosmetic material. we extracted the Korean persimmon leaves in 80% ethanol solution and isolated fraction I, II, III, to use Sephadex LH-20 column. Their polyphenol quantity was 20%, 70%, 82.8% individually and fraction II, III had polyphenol which included a many flavan-3-ol skeleton structure. We investigated various biological activity such a tyrosinase, xanthin oxidase inhibition, SOD-like acivity and DPPH. Inhibitory effect of tyrosinase was inhibited 51.7%, 74.7% at 50 ppm, 500 ppm of the fraction III and SOD-like activity increased quickly at 500ppm of the fraction II, III. DPPH effect had 80% electron donate ability at 50 ppm all of the fraction and xanthin oxidase was more inhibited 80% at 50 ppm of fraction II, III. These results showed possibility that polyphenols of the Korean persimmon leaves become the functional cosmetic ingredient

송이 타일 제작시 원료 배합비에 따른 제품 특성 연구

이민규,이두성,윤경일,김주봉 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1992 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

This study is to investigate the characteristics of products on mixing ratio of raw materials for scoria tile manufacturing. The water absoprtion of scoria tile decreased as scoria particle size decreased and a ratio of scoria/sand increased. And also thee water absoprtion of tile decreased as an amount of cement decreased. Smaller scoria particle size, smaller ratio of scoria and sand, and larger amount of cement enhanced strength and thermal conductivity of scoria tile. The surface pattern of scoria tile became various figures as a ratio of scoria and sand increased. Well mixing of large and small particles made surface pattern of tile diverse.

山間村의 所得增大를 위한 適地産業 開發方案

李康寧,高永杜,金正敎,河浩成,姜奉淳,朴道秉,姜淮 慶尙大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.17 No.2

This study attempts to analysis the present situation of farm management and the related industriesin order to present the suitable industries for promoting the farmers' income in mountain area. This study is based on the survey data obtained from 30 sample mountain vellages in 10 Guns located in central, wetern and northen Kyeougnam Province, where lots of mountain vellages are scattered here and there. Major findings obtained from the analysis are summarized as follows: 1) Area of cultivated land in mountian villages was generally smaller than that in plain vellages. BUt major finding of thes tudy indicated that the standard of living in the study area depended upon not only the size of cultivated land but also the skills of management to understand exavtly the regional and togographical situaltion, to utilize the developmental resources effectively, and to diversify income sources. This means that upbringing of competent Saemaul leaders is very important for promoting the income of mountain villages. 2) Various crops were being planted in a samll scale inmountain area. And those crops except rice adn barley were planted for self-sufficiency. Therefore, it is desired to select and cultivate intensively the kinds of crops which are regionally adn topographically suitable for maximizing farm inceomes of subsistant farmers. 3) The survey found out that in mountain area the farming of extensive fruits like chestnuts, persimmons, etc. is more favorable than that of intensive fruits like apples, pears, etc. 4) Because of topographical inappropriateness and lack of fertile cultivates land in mountain area, mowt vegetables, except onions in a few regions, were growing in a small scales for self-sufficiency. And the future of the vegetable cultivationin mountain area is also gloomy. 5) Since various grasses are abundantly growing in the wild in mountain area, the mountain villages are suitable for raising the herbivorous animals. Therefore it is recommeded to encourage raising the herbivorous animals, especially cattle, as one of the major income sources in mountain area. 6) It is true that sericulture has greartly contributed to the economic growth in mountain area with aboundant land suitable for mulberry trees. Recenly sericulture has, however, been shrinking due to the barriers of silk exportation. Without the barriers of silk exportation, sericulture will still play an important role on providing one of the major sources tom mountain villages. 7) The miscellaneous trees in most forest around the mountain villages were growing planlessly. Those parts of the forest are needed to be renewed by planting the useful, endurable, and regionally and topographically suitable kinds of trees.

송이 타일 제작시 원료 배합비에 따른 제품 특성 연구

이민규,윤경일,이두성,김주봉 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1992 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.3 No.-

This study is to investigate the characteristics of products on mixing ratio of raw materials for scoria tile manufacturing. The water absoprtion of scoria tile decreased as scoria particle size decreased and a ratio of scoria/sand increased. And also the water absoprtion of tile decreased as an amount of cement decreased. Smaller scoria particle size, smaller ratio of scoria and sand, and larger amount of cement enhanced strength and thermal conductivity of scoria tile. The surface pattern of scoria tile became various figures as a ratio of scoria and sand increased. Well mixing of large and small particles made surface pattern of tile diverse.

PCR을 이용한 국내 및 수입 축산물 유래 Listeria monocytogenes의 유전학적 분석연구

우용구,이수화,이철현,최정수,류재두,김영일,이오수,김봉환 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

One hundred-fifty two of Listeria strains were isolated from domestic chicken carcasses, a slaughter-houses from nationwide from 1996 to 1997 and imported livestock products from a ten foreign countries including the USA, China, France and Thailand. To substitute the laborious and time consuming procedures of clinical laboratory standard diagnostic methods, the rapid and specific multiplex PCR(M-PCR), which was designed to amplify a three kinds of genes simultaneously f3r specific detection and differentiation of L. monocytogenes(LM) by one step procedure, was established. The LM strains confirmed with M-PCR were analysed to their genetic diversities by RAPD using the two primers(D87 & MMTl), and also evaluated on their discriminatory abilities(na) between two primers. our study also conducted the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR for evaluation of the possibility of REP and ERIC elements for genetic subtyping of LM strains. According to the REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting patterns, LM strains were divided into 7(ERIC-type) and 4(REP-type) major clusters at the relative clone cut off value of 80%. According to the computer analysis of PCR results using the GelCompar Ⅱ software, ERIC-PCR(DI=0.955) had expressed the most high discriminatory ability and followed by REP-PCR(DI=0.952), RAPD(D87; 0.954, MMT1; 0.937), in order. The combined analysis of the present PCR results was also expressed the reliable and useful discriminatory ability(DI=0.916). This study suggested that PCR based methods could be used as an reliable, reproducible, rapid, and highly discriminatory method for the genetic differentiation of genus Listeria.

Design of an EEPROM for a MCU with the Wide Voltage Range

Du-Hwi Kim,Ji-Hye Jang,Liyan Jin,Pan-Bong Ha,Young-Hee Kim 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.4

In this paper, we design a 256 kbits EEPROM for a MCU (Microcontroller unit) with the wide voltage range of 1.8 V to 5.5 V. The memory space of the EEPROM is separated into a program and data region. An option memory region is added for storing user IDs, serial numbers and so forth. By making HPWs (High-voltage P-wells) of EEPROM cell arrays with the same bias voltages in accordance with the operation modes shared in a double word unit, we can reduce the HPW-to-HPW space by a half and hence the area of the EEPROM cell arrays by 9.1 percent. Also, we propose a page buffer circuit reducing a test time, and a write-verify-read mode securing a reliability of the EEPROM. Furthermore, we propose a DC-DC converter that can be applied to a MCU with the wide voltage range. Finally, we come up with a method of obtaining the oscillation period of a charge pump. The layout size of the designed 256 kbits EEPROM IP with MagnaChip's 0.18 ㎛ EEPROM process is 1581.55 ㎛ × 792.00 ㎛.

Design of an EEPROM for a MCU with the Wide Voltage Range

Kim, Du-Hwi,Jang, Ji-Hye,Jin, Liyan,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.4

In this paper, we design a 256 kbits EEPROM for a MCU (Microcontroller unit) with the wide voltage range of 1.8 V to 5.5 V. The memory space of the EEPROM is separated into a program and data region. An option memory region is added for storing user IDs, serial numbers and so forth. By making HPWs (High-voltage P-wells) of EEPROM cell arrays with the same bias voltages in accordance with the operation modes shared in a double word unit, we can reduce the HPW-to-HPW space by a half and hence the area of the EEPROM cell arrays by 9.1 percent. Also, we propose a page buffer circuit reducing a test time, and a write-verify-read mode securing a reliability of the EEPROM. Furthermore, we propose a DC-DC converter that can be applied to a MCU with the wide voltage range. Finally, we come up with a method of obtaining the oscillation period of a charge pump. The layout size of the designed 256 kbits EEPROM IP with MagnaChip's 0.18 ${\mu}m$ EEPROM process is $1581.55{\mu}m{\times}792.00{\mu}m$.