T1b 병기의 신세포암에서 수술 후 예후를 예측할 수 있는 임상 및 병리학적 인자에 대한 연구

오승용, 김영원, 윤형윤, 서성필, 이상근, 김원태, 윤석중, 이상철, 김원재, 김용준 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2014 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.24 No.1

연구목적: T1병기의 국소신세포암(localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma)은 근치적신적출술이 나 부분신절제술이 표준치료이며 수술 후 타 병기에 비해 양호한 예후를 보인다. 하지만, 많은 수의 환 자에서 추적관찰 중 재발 및 사망이 발생하는데, 이는 T1b 병기에서 더 높게 보고되고 있다. 본 연구 에서는 국소신세포암 중 T1b 병기의 신세포암에서 표준적 치료 후 환자의 예후에 영향을 주는 임상 및 병리학적 인자에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년부터 2011년 까지 5개 기관에서 근치적신적출술이나 부분신제술을 시행 받은 3567명의 국소신세포암 환자들 중 병리학적 병기가 T1b로 확진 된 702명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환자가 가지는 임상 및 병리학적 특성 [연령, 성별, 고혈압, 당뇨, 비만도, European Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) 수행도, 증상유무, 수술방법, 종양크기, 분화도, 조직학적 형태 등]을 이용 하여 환자의 예후 [무재발생존율(relapse-free survival), 암특이생존율(cancer-specific survival) 및 전체생존율(overall survival)]에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대하여 다양한 방법으로 비교분석 하였다. 결과: 추적 관찰 기간은 34.0개월 (중앙값, 0-152개월)이었으며, 이 기간 중 재발, 사망 및 암특이사 망은 각각 72례 (10.3%), 57례 (8.1%) 및 24례 (3.4%)에서 발생하였다. 단변량 및 다변량 Cox 비례위험회귀분석에서 다양한 인자들이 무재발생존율(당뇨 유무, 종양크기 및 Fuhrman등급), 암특이 생존율(나이, 체질량지수, 당뇨 유무, 종양크기) 및 전체생존율(나이, 체질량지수, ECOG 수행도, 종 양크기)에 영향을 줄 수 있는 독립적 예후인자였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 국소신세포암의 예후를 예측할 수 있는 다양한 임상 및 병리학적 인자를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 위험인자를 가지고 있는 환자는 보다 적극적인 추적관찰을 통하여 재발을 조기에 발 견한다면 이들의 생존율 향상에 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

우리나라의 耕地汎用化 事業動向과 그 問題點의 解決方案 模索

金始源,呂運植,金瀅中,金善柱 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1993 農資源開發論集 Vol.18 No.-

To make a smooth progress in the multi-utilization undertaking of paddy land, land consolidation is the most important task among the various countermeasures. This study discusses the types and efficiency of subsurface drainage systems, and suggestes their maintenance and management schemes. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Recently an introduction of subsurface drainage systems has been employed. Especially the necessity of subsurface drainage systems has been widely recognized at farms in the suburban districts, however, the undertaking itself cannot overcome an experimental stage. Therefore, studies on the selection of project areas and operation systems should be executed together with the technical establishment. 2) To drive forward the land improvement project reasonably and efficiently, the realities of regional farmings and the natural conditions should be considered, so it is desirable to establish a longterm land improvement plan based on the nation-wide angle of view. 3) To create the multi-utilization paddy land from the single cropping paddy land, the following items should be consolidated. First, reorganize the utilization pattern of paddy land possible to adopt multi-utilization system. Second, land should be consolidated as a large size possible to operate big agricultural machines. Third, develop fundamental techniques for the multi-utilization system. Fourth, collectivization of agricultural land. Fifth, environmental consolidation of the rural community. 4) The maintenance and management technique of the subsurface drainage system should be studied. Since the function of system could be lost by the clog up of drainage pipe, the efficiency and function of system should be recognized for the smooth maintenance and management.

원격탐사를 위한 병렬계산 기법

김형중,장태정,김희원,김형수,이정문,장순자 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

원격탐사에 사용되는 편미분방정식을 고속으로 풀기 위한 기법을 프로그래밍하고 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시했다. 미지수가 30만개 이상되는 복소수(non-Hermitian) 행렬의 해를 구하는 프로그램을 작성했다. 이 프로그램은 C와 PVM에 기반을 두고 있다. 수렴속도를 향상시키기 위해 대각 스케일링을 이용했다. 통신속도의 개선을 위해 데이터 압축 기법을 이용했다. 수렴속도를 측정 제시함으로써 실제 문제 적용에 참고할 수 있다. Network-based computing with cluster of personal computers or workstations recently has become an important and successful technique. Network-based computing enables fast computation and resolves short of storage with computers on the desks. Cluster of inexpensive computers offers them aggregated computing power and storage to challenge very large-scale problems. Iterative solvers are used for the large sparse linear systems. Preconditioners accelerate the rate of convergence of the iterative solvers. However, parallelization accelerate the rate of convergence of the iterative solvers. However, parallelization of preconditioners is far from satisfaction so far. Thus, the simplest diagonal scaling is a good alternative for improved convergence and easy parallelization. In order to reduce communication overhead, a data compression technique is considered. Data communication time can be reduced at the cost of convergence rate. MATLAB simulation result is given in this paper. This method is effective to cluster of computers connected through slow networks.

濟州道 農外所得 增大方案에 관한 硏究

金炯吉,金昌中,金範國 濟州大學校 社會科學大學 社會發展硏究所 1987 社會發展硏究 Vol.3 No.-

다이나믹 프로그래밍을 이용한 궤도의 최적 재돌입

김중완,이만형 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1985 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

The optimal re-entry from orbit problem presents some very interesting problems to be solved. A dynamic programming solution is very well suited for the problem compared to a two point boundary value with 8 state and costate equations using the minimum principle. The dynamic programming solution is also more attractive than a brute force grid type search method. Even so, the problem presented here requires more work and computer time than an end of the study allows.

자원봉사자들의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 : 설문결과를 중심으로

강성록,김형중,윤덕룡,전우택,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has in creased rapidly.The Government has provided most of te support for the defectors' adaptation to their new society.But as the number of defectors has increased, and the support needs have become more various, the support of volunteers from non-governmental organization(NGO) has become very important.To raise the level of the success and effectiveness of the support from the volunteers, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: This study surveyed 83 volunteers of 7 NGOs involved in helping North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society-48 men and 34 women. Results: In their relationships with defectors, women volunteers have more difficulties in their first 3 months.However volunteers in their 50s and 60s tend to have more stable and better relationships with defectors than younger volunteers.Many volunteers statedexperiences of human difficulties with defectors, for example, mistrust and anxiety in human relationship (n=34, 41.0%), psychological maladjustment(n=19, 22.9%), different ways of thinking and culture(n=17, 20.5%), economic difficulties(n=10, 12.0%), and lack of independence spirit(n=6, 7.2%).The volunteers said they have feelings of goddwill toward defectors when defectors showed warm heart(n=30, 36.1%), politeness(n=30, 36.1%), positive and active character (n=24, 28.9%), strong will(n=17, 20.5%), and plainness (n=14, 16.0%).The volunteers stated an absence of goodwill feelings to defectors when defectors showed uncompromising and aggressive attitudes (n=29, 34.9%), lack of independent will (n=28, 33.7%), selfishness (n=18, 21.7%), and avoidance of making human relationship (n=16, 19.3%).as for adequate training before commencing activity, 5 volunteers(6.0%) said they had received enough education before their activity, 31(37.3%) relatively enough, 38 (45.8%) relatively not enough, and 9 (10.8%) absolutely not enough education.If they were the owners of al company, 27 volunteers (51.9%) sanid they would want to thire defectors even if the defectors did not have the required ability. Conclusion: These results showed that NGO's volunteers have a friendlier attitude to defectors than policemen n charge and public officials, which is their strong point.Women volunteers experience more difficulties in their early relationships with defectors, suggesting the need for a specific pre-education program for women volunteers.Furthermore, NGOs would benefit from an increase in the number of volunteers in their 50's and 60's.Both volunteers and defectors need to understand each othe to a deeprer extent and the characteristics to which South Korean volunteers feel goodwill need to be used n their education.

목모-시멘트판의 제조와 응용 연구(Ⅰ)

김형중 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Preparation and application of wood wool-cement board were studied for the purpose of development of retrofitting thermal insulation material for existing homes and buildings. The wood wool-cement board, so-called exelsior board, has been widely used as insulation material for roof decking, ceiling, and wall in U.S.A, Western Europe, and Japan since 1930's. Wood wool, Cement and additives were mixed and molded by a designed press. Basically the setting was completed about 2~3 days. the final product presented the a good dimensional stability, a high mechanical strength, a fairly good thermal and acoustic insulating, and a good fire-resisting properties. Also, it was expected to cost less than other insulation materials for the similar application. The wood wool used in this study was made with Hemlock (Tsuga conadensis). The additives such as CaCl₂, Na-Silicate, etc. which were effective to accelerate the hydration of cement, and an emulsion of synthetic polymer, were used to enhance the strength of the cement. The evaluation of the product was carried out by testing bending strength, thermal conductivity, water absorption, and specific gravity.

차세대 무선 통신 시스템을 위한 안테나 신기술

김형락,권세웅,황광선,윤영중 延世大學校 電波通信共同硏究所 2002 電波通信論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

차세대 통신 시스템에서 공통적으로 요구하는 소형화, 광대역화, 집적화추세에 따라 RF소자는 광대역화, 소형화, 집적화를 향해 발전하고 있으며 안테나 기술도 현재 추세에 발맞추어 소형화, 능동집적화, 광대역화를 통하여 개발 방향을 모색하고 있다. 본고에서는 현재 추세인 소형 안테나, 능동 안테나와 더불어 최근 관심이 집중되고 있는 임펄스 통신에 이용될 수 있는 초광대역 안테나 기술에 대해 소개한다. The technical trends of the next generation wireless communication are miniaturization, broad-band operation, and integration. Thus, in accordance with this trend, RF devices and components are being developed in such way, and same with the antenna. In this paper, technology of small antenna, active antenna, and ultra wideband antenna, which can be applied to impulse communication system, are introduced.

관찰과 분류활동 자료로서 암석재료의 활용

김중욱,이준형 大邱敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1999 과학·수학교육연구 Vol.22 No.-

이 연구는 관찰과 분류 활동을 위한 평가 자료로써 암석 재료를 활용하는 방법을 제안하기 위하여 시도하였다. 먼저 암석을 성인별로 구분하고 암석이 지니고 있는 특징을 쉽게 세분하여 제시하였다. 둘째로 암석의 성질을 관찰하기 위한 기준들은 암석의 성인 및 환경, 암석이 생성 후에 겪어 온 지질 과정 및 구성 알갱이에 관한 정보를 포함하고 있다. 이런 기준들을 이용하여 '자갈 분류하기' 활동을 수행하기 위한 평가지와 그 결과를 채점하기 위한 점수 체계를 마련하여 제안한다. This study was attempted to suggest how to utilize the rock materials as the assessment material for observation and classification activity in classroom and outdoors. Firstly, It was classified the rocks by the cause of formation and was suggested to subdivide simply the characteristics contained in the rocks. Secondly, the criteria to observe the properties of rocks include the informations about the rock formation, its formation environment, and its geologic process had been suffered after their formation and the mineral grains in the rocks. Thirdly, using these observation criteria it is suggested to provide the assessment sheet to perform the activity 'classifying the gravels' and to work out the coding system for scoring its outcomes.

디바이스 전압제어를 통한 동적 소모 전력 관리

김형필,서효중 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 자연과학논문집 Vol.26 No.-

배터리의 용량이 한정된 이동기기에서는 배터리의 효율을 높이기 위한 전력 절감 기법에 관련한 기술이 중요시된다. 배터리의 용량을 증대시키기 위한 기존의 방법으로 시스템 전체의 평균 동작 전압을 감소시킴으로써 전력 소비량을 줄이는 방법이 제시되어 왔다. 이는 프로세서의 저전력 정책으로 시스템의 상태에 따라 프로세서의 주파수와 공급 전압을 조절함으로써 시스템 전체의 전력 소비를 감소시켜 결과적으로 배터리의 사용량을 증대시킨다. 본 연구에서는 현재 프로세서에만 사용되어 오던 주파수와 공급 전압의 조절을 배터리의 잔량에 따라 각 디바이스에 적용한 DPM(Dynamic Power Management)을 제시함으로써, 프로세서의 전력 관리보다 시스템 차원에서 배터리의 특성을 고려한 부가적 전력 절감 기법을 제시한다.