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Kim Ah-Ra,Minn Dohsik,Kim Su Hwan,Do Hyeon-Nam,Kim Byoungguk,Choi Young Sill,Kim Dong-Hyun,Oh Eun-Jee,Oh Kyungwon,Kwon Donghyok,권준욱,Kim Sung Soon,Lee June-Woo 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide cross-sectional surveillance system that assesses the health and nutritional status of the Korean population. To evaluate the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the community, we investigated the prevalence of antiSARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the sera of KNHANES participants. METHODS: Subjects were recruited between April 24 and December 12, 2020. In total, 5,284 subjects aged 10-90 years from 17 regions participated. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were screened using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Positive samples were verified using 4 different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and the plaque reduction neutralizing test. The final seropositivity criteria were a positive screening test and at least 1 positive result from the 5 additional tests. RESULTS: Almost half (49.2%; 2,600/5,284) of participants were from metropolitan areas, 48.9% were middle-aged (40-69 years), and 20.5% were in their 20s or younger. The seropositivity rate was 0.09% (5/5,284). Three of the 5 antibody-positive subjects had a history of infection, of whom 2 were infected abroad and 1 was infected in a local cluster outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The low SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Korea indicates that there have been few coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases due to successful COVID-19 management measures (e.g., diagnostic tests for overseas arrivals, national social distancing, and strict quarantine measures). Moreover, asymptomatic infections were uncommon due to active polymerase chain reaction testing. However, hidden infections may exist in the community, requiring the continuation of quarantine and vaccination measures.
Kim Sinae,Nguyen Tam T.,Taitt Afeisha S.,전현정,Park Ho-Young,Kim Sung-Han,Kim Yong-Gil,Song Eun Young,Lee Youngmin,Yum Hokee,Shin Kyeong-Cheol,Choi Yang Kyu,송창선,Yeom Su Cheong,Kim Byoungguk,Netea Mihai 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.6
Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.1.529) Omicron variant originated from South Africa in the middle of November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Several studies already suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant would be the fastest transmissible variant compared to the previous 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, interest, and alert. Few clinical studies reported the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant but there is insufficient time to perform actual experiments to prove it, since the spread is so fast. We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which revealed a very high rate of mutation at amino acid residues that interact with angiostatin-converting enzyme 2. The mutation rate of COVID-19 is faster than what we prepared vaccine program, antibody therapy, lockdown, and quarantine against COVID-19 so far. Thus, it is necessary to find better strategies to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 pandemic.
Kyuhyun Yoon,Jayeun Kim,Kyong Ran Peck,Hyun Soo Kim,Hyukmin Lee,Yoo-Sung Hwang,Soon Young Lee,Sung-il Cho,Hun Jae Lee,Yeong-gyeong Kim,Byoungguk Kim,June-Woo Lee,Ah-Ra Kim,Hyeon Nam Do,Dong-Hyun Kim 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES After the third wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by mid-February 2021, approximately 0.16% of the Korean population was confirmed positive, which appeared to be among the lowest rates worldwide at that time. However, asymptomatic transmission is challenging for COVID-19 surveillance. Therefore, a community-based serosurvey of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted to understand the effectiveness of Korea’s strong containment strategy. METHODS We collected 5,002 residual sera samples from January 30 to March 3, 2021, from 265 medical facilities in Seoul, 346 in Gyeonggi Province, and 57 in Incheon. Sixty samples from tertiary institutions were excluded. We defined the sub-regions according to the addresses of the medical facilities where the specimens were collected. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 was used for screening, and positivity was confirmed using the SARS-CoV-2 sVNT Kit. Prevalence was estimated using sampling weights and the Wilson score interval for a binomial proportion with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Among the 4,942 specimens, 32 and 25 tested positive for COVID-19 in the screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The overall crude prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 0.51%. The population-adjusted overall prevalence was 0.55% in women and 0.38% in men. The region-specific estimation was 0.67% and 0.30% in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, respectively. No positive cases were detected in Incheon. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of undetected cases in Korea remained low as of early 2021. Therefore, an infection control strategy with exhaustive tracing and widespread pre-emptive testing appears to be effective in containing community spread of COVID-19.
윤규현,김자연,백경란,Kim Hyun Soo,이혁민,황유성,이순영,조성일,이훈재,Kim Yeongyeong,Kim Brian Byoungguk,Lee June-Woo,Kim Ah-Ra,Do Hyeon-Nam,김동현 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES: After the third wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , by mid-February 2021, approximately 0.16% of the Korean population was confirmed positive, which appeared to be among the lowest rates worldwide at that time. However, asymptomatic transmission is challenging for COVID-19 surveillance. Therefore, a community-based serosurvey of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted to understand the effectiveness of Korea’s strong containment strategy. METHODS: We collected 5,002 residual sera samples from January 30 to March 3, 2021, from 265 medical facilities in Seoul, 346 in Gyeonggi Province, and 57 in Incheon. Sixty samples from tertiary institutions were excluded. We defined the sub-regions according to the addresses of the medical facilities where the specimens were collected. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 was used for screening, and positivity was confirmed using the SARS-CoV-2 sVNT Kit. Prevalence was estimated using sampling weights and the Wilson score interval for a binomial proportion with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Among the 4,942 specimens, 32 and 25 tested positive for COVID-19 in the screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The overall crude prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 0.51%. The population-adjusted overall prevalence was 0.55% in women and 0.38% in men. The region-specific estimation was 0.67% and 0.30% in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, respectively. No positive cases were detected in Incheon. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of undetected cases in Korea remained low as of early 2021 . Therefore, an infection control strategy with exhaustive tracing and widespread pre-emptive testing appears to be effective in containing community spread of COVID-19.
Jeong In Hwa,Kim Jong-Hun,Kwon Min-Jung,Kim Jayoung,Huh Hee Jin,Kim Byoungguk,Lee Junewoo,Nam Jeong-hyun,Kang Eun-Suk 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.5
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, leading to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because a significant proportion of the COVID-19 confirmed cases were concentrated in the capital metropolitan area of South Korea, and a large proportion of the population in the area had been adequately vaccinated against COVID-19, we conducted a seroprevalence surveillance study focusing on the residents of the capital metropolitan area in South Korea. Methods: We used a quota-sampling method to obtain blood samples from 1,000 individuals per round, equally stratified across seven age categories and sexes and regions, from five medical institutions located within the capital metropolitan area of South Korea. During five consecutive months (rounds) between January 2022 and May 2022, a total of 5,000 samples were analyzed for anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. Results: High anti-S seropositivity was observed in all age groups, which corresponded to the vaccine coverage during the study period. Both the cumulative incidence based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the estimated seroprevalence based on anti-N seropositivity increased in the fourth and fifth rounds, which corresponded to April 2022 and May 2022. Seroprevalence coincided with the cumulative incidence during the first three rounds, but exceeded from the fourth survey onwards when infection with omicron variants was increased rapidly in Korea. Conclusion: Seroprevalence confirmed the number of infection cases outside of PCR testing-based surveillance. Seroepidemiological surveillance can help us understand vaccine responses and detect hidden infections, thereby providing appropriate public health guidance for achieving population-level immunity.
Inhibition of Phthalic Anhydride-Induced Skin Inflammation in IL-4 Knock-out Mice
Changjoon Bae,Miran Kim,Chuelkyu Kim,Byoungguk Kim,Sunbo Shim,Suhae Lee,Jisoon Sin,Jongmin Woo,Nonghoon Choe,Zaeyoung Ryoo,Changkyu Lee,Kabryong Chae 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.3
Atopic dermatitis and asthma are common chronic inflammatory diseases. A pivotal role of IL-4 in airway inflammation has been elucidated by studying mice in which IL-4 was genetically disrupted. However, there have been no trials to examine the effect of IL-4 dysfunction on skin inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-4 in skin inflammation using IL-4<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice. To induce skin inflammation, a 15% phthalic anhydride solution was repeatedly applied to the dorsal surfaces of the ears of both IL-4<SUP>-/-</SUP> and BALB/c mice for 5 weeks. After treatment, skin inflammation-related factors were detected in the ear tissue, lymph nodes, spleens, and sera of the mice. Ear thicknesses and weights of the auricular lymph nodes, indicating the degree of skin inflammation, were significantly smaller in IL-4<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice than in BALB/c mice. Immunoglobulin E concentrations in sera were also significantly lower in IL-4<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice. In cytokine secretion profiles, expression levels of inflammation-inducing cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC, MCP-1 and VEGF were lower in IL-4<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice than in BALB/c. These findings suggest that knock-out of IL-4 relieves allergen-induced skin inflammation. Thus, the modulation of IL-4 expression may provide important insights into therapeutic targets of chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis.
Lim Heeji,Jang Sundong,In Hyun Ju,Kim Kwangwook,Choi Eun Bee,Kim Soo Ji,Lim Hye Jung,Yim Min Su,Ouh In-ohk,Kim Byung Chul,Do Hyeon Nam,Lee June-Woo,Kim Byoungguk,Lee Yoo-kyoung 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.1
The immunogenicity of a heterologous vaccination regimen consisting of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine) followed by mRNA-1273 (a lipid–nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), specifically the omicron variant (B.1.1.529), is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neutralizing antibody activity and immunogenicity of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273 prime-boost vaccination against wild-type (BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020), alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. A 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) titer was determined in serum samples using the plaque reduction neutralization test. Antibody titer decreased significantly at 3 months compared with that at 2 weeks after the 2nd dose. On comparing the ND50 titers for the above-mentioned variants of concerns, it was observed that the ND50 titer for the omicron variant was the lowest. This study provides insights into cross-vaccination effects and can be useful for further vaccination strategies in Korea.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Hyun Hakjun,Choi Min Joo,Heo Jung Yeon,Seo Yu Bin,Nham Eliel,Yoon Jin Gu,Seong Hye,Ji Yun Noh,Cheong Hee Jin,Woo Joo Kim,Choi Ju-Yeon,Lee Young Jae,Lee Hye Won,Kim Sung Soon,Kim Byoungguk,송준영 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.27
Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, there are concerns regarding waning immunity and the emergence of viral variants. The immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S against wild-type (WT) and variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs to be evaluated. Method: This prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2021 and January 2022 at two university hospitals in South Korea. Healthy adults who were scheduled to be vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S were enrolled in this study. The main outcomes included anti-spike (S) IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody responses, S-specific T-cell responses (interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay), solicited adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs. Results: Fifty participants aged ≥ 19 years were included in the study. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-S IgG were 0.4 U/mL at baseline, 5.2 ± 3.0 U/mL at 3–4 weeks, 55.7 ± 2.4 U/mL at 5–8 weeks, and 81.3 ± 2.5 U/mL at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. GMTs of 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) against WT SARS-CoV-2 were 164.6 ± 4.6 at 3-4 weeks, 313.9 ± 3.6 at 5–8 weeks, and 124.4 ± 2.6 at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. As for the S-specific T-cell responses, the median number of spot-forming units/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cell was 25.0 (5.0–29.2) at baseline, 60.0 (23.3–178.3) at 5-8 weeks, and 35.0 (13.3–71.7) at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. Compared to WT SARS-CoV-2, ND50 against Delta and Omicron variants was attenuated by 3.6-fold and 8.2-fold, respectively. The most frequent AE was injection site pain (82%), followed by myalgia (80%), fatigue (70%), and fever (50%). Most AEs were grade 1–2, and resolved within two days. Conclusion: Single-dose Ad26.COV2.S was safe and immunogenic. NAb titer and S-specific T-cell immunity peak at 5–8 weeks and rather decrease at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. Cross-reactive neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was negligible.