한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

전기자동차용 분산형 OBC 시스템에 관한 연구

배기훈(Ki-Hoon Bae),김준모(Jun-Mo Kim),이정(Jeong Lee),엄태호(Tae-Ho Eom),김성훈(Sung-Hoon-Kim),원충연(Chung-Yuen Won) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

서울 경기 일부지역 고등학생의 목통증호소와 관련요인에 관한 연구

정영훈 ( Young Hoon Chung ),엄태웅 ( Tae Woong Eom ),문태웅 ( Tae Woong Moon ),조태영 ( Tae Young Cho ),이시하 ( Ki Ha Lee ),고영타 ( Young Tak Ko ) 한방재활의학과학회 2007 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives :The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of neck pain and related factors among high school students, and to establish neck pain prevention program based on conclusion made from this study. Methods : The study population consisted of high school students in the vicinity of Seoul and Kyung Ki province. Total number of self-reporting questionnaire provided was 500 but only 493 questionnaires submitted for evaluation. Among those submitted there were 2 questionnaires which were incompleted and not counted in for evaluation. The above data have been collected from June 2007 through August 2007. Total 491 subjects were consisted of male and female students from 4 different high schools. A participant was classified into the pain group or into the no pain group according to the frequency of neck pain. The data were analyzed in frequency, percentile scores, X2-test in SPSS 10.0 for windows. Results : Among 491 subjects, the prevalence rate of the neck pain have showed 61.1%. In relation to general characteristic, sex was insignificant. In relation to school activity and habit, the level of sitting time in a day(p<0.05), PC time in a day(p<0.001) were significant. In relation to health habit, sleep time in a day(p<0.001) was significant. In relation to disturbance of daily life, reading disturbance(p<0.001), leisure activity disturbance(p<0.001) were significant. Conclusions : Based on the above evaluation, it shows that high school students have a relatively high prevalence of neck pain. Therefore, proper neck pain prevention program and early management of the neck pain are well indicated since neck pain could influence student`s school life

Modeling of Cyber Target Selection for Effective Acquisition of Cyber Weapon Systems

Ki Hoon Kim,Jung ho Eom 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.11

In this paper, we propose a model that can effectively select cyber targets when acquiring cyber weapons systems. Cyber target selection is the process of deriving the most vulnerable part of the target system. Cyber target selection is carried out with 3 components such as ‘center of gravity’, ‘target attribute and control characteristics’, and ‘type and characteristics of information communication system’. Gravity refers to the weakest part of the enemy (security holes), and the security holes that cause the most decisive effects when cyber-attacks are happening. The target attributes are classified into the geographical attributes where the target is, the functional attributes which tasks are performed, and the human attributes who uses and who owns them. Control characteristics are the factors that determine how an attack effect on a potential target system occurs by cyber weapons systems or operations. When a cyber-attack target is selected, the final attack target is selected by the form, characteristic, and function by distinguishing the target of the center, the target of the layer, and the list of the information communication system. And then, the main attack points that are targets of actual cyber operations are selected based on the selected cyber targets.

Multi-Parallel Operation Control Method of High Efficiency PCS Module for ESS

Ki-Hoon Bae,Jun-Mo Kim,C. Jeong Lee,D. Tae-Ho Eom,E. Kyung Ryu,Chung-Yuen Won 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

In this paper, Multi-parallel operation control method of four Power Conversion System (PCS) modules is proposed to increase overall Energy Storage System (ESS) Each module with 25kW should be controlled to share the same power, and if the output voltage and output current of each module are different, control is performed to compensate for the same value. In the proposed control scheme, the power sharing between PCSs for each module is made equal to minimize the circulating current. In addition, Silicon Carbide (SiC) Semiconductor with more advantages than Silicon (Si) semiconductor were used. The analysis of the proposed method and design procedure are explained for four PCS connected in parallel. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment.

Coherent Electronic andPhononic Oscillations in Single-WalledCarbon Nanotubes

Eom, Intae,Park, Sohyun,Han, Hae-Seon,Yee, Ki-Ju,Baik, Sung-Hoon,Jeong, Do-Young,Joo, Taiha,Lim, Yong-Sik American ChemicalSociety 2012 Nano letters Vol.12 No.2

<P>Free induction decay of the coherent electronic transition and coherent phonon oscillations of the radial breathing mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes are simultaneously observed via direct resonant excitation of the lowest E-11 optical transition in the near-infrared region from 0.939 to 1.1 eV. We show that coherent electronic oscillations corresponding to the detuning of the probe energy from resonance can be exploited for the chirality assignment of carbon nanotubes, together with the robust assignment of the coherent lattice vibrations resonantly excited by femtosecond pulses. Excitation spectra show a large number of pronounced peaks that map out chirality distributions in great detail.</P>

그람양성균이 의심되거나 증명된 피부 및 연조직 감염증의 치료에 대한 Linezolid의 효능과 안전성

엄중식,이혁,신동현,김양리,김신우,이충기,송재훈,김준명,강문원,김우주 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

Background : Linezolid, an oxazolidinone, has shown efficacy in the treatment of adults with nosocomial or community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We have taken part in the study for evaluation of efficacy and safety of linezolid for the treatment of suspected or proven gram-positive SSTI in Asia. We sub-analyzed and reported the results of the study among Korean patients. Materials and Methods : A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study for evaluation of efficacy and safety of linezolid for the treatment of gram-positive SSTI at eight teaching hospitals in Korea. We investigated patients' medical history, physical examination and laboratory study. Patients were regularly followed up to evaluate clinical response, laboratory changes, and adverse event up to 4 weeks after treatment. When possible, we performed microbiological study before and after treatment. Results : A total of 60 patients were enrolled. Average age of the patient was 50.9±15.3 years old with male to female ratio being 1.3 : 1. Cellulitis, open wound infection, skin abscess, and other clinical manifestations were observed in 47 (78.3%), 6 (10.0%), 2 (3.3%), and 5 (8.3%) patients, respectively. Forty two patients completed both follow-up and treatment and among them, treatment was successful in 38 patients (90.5%) and unsuccessful in 4 patients (9.5%). Microoranisms were isolated from seven patients and 14 isolates were documented; 11 S. aureus, 3 coagulase-negative staphylococcus. Among the seven patients, bacteria were eradicated in four patient and the organism proved to be colonization in three patients. The most frequent drug-related adverse events were gastrointestinal (21.7%), hematologic and biochemical (21.7%) and neurologic (3.3%), in decreasing order. Nausea (15%) was the most frequent symptom and there were no serious side effects related to linezolid. Conclusion : Linezolid was effective and safe in treatment of gram-positive SSTI. 배경 : Linezolid (Zyvox^(R))는 oxazolidmone 계열의 그람양성균 감염증에 대한 새로운 치료제로 그람양성균, 특히 메티실린 내성 포도구균과 반코마이신 내성 장구균에도 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 연구자들은 아시아 지역에서 제 4상, 개방형, 공개, 다기관 연구로 진행되었던 "그람양성균이 의심되거나 증명된 피부 및 연조직 감염증에 대한 linezolid의 치료 효능 및 안전성"의 국내 연구결과를 분석하여 그람양성균에 의한 피부 및 연조직 감염증에 대한 linezolid의 치료 효과와 안전성을 평가하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 국내 8개 종합병원에서 피부 및 연조직 감염증의 원인으로 그람양성균이 의심되거나 증명된 입원 환자 중 사전동의를 하여 연구에 참가한 60명을 대상으로 하였다. 치료는 linezolid 주사제 1회 600 mg을 1일 2회 투여하였고 상태 호전시 연구자의 판단에 따라 동량을 경구로 전환할 수 있도록 하였다. 치료 시작부터 종료 후 4주까지 환자의 병력, 이학적 검사, 이상반응 증상 및 징후의 유무를 정기적으로 조사하였고 혈액학검사, 생화학검사, 소변검사 등의 결과를 평가하여 linezolid의 임상적 효과와 안전성을 판정하였다. 원인균의 분리를 위하여 가능한 경우 감염 병변으로 부터 그람염색 및 배양검사를 시행하였고 혈액배양검사를 함께 실시하여 미생물학적 근절여부를 판정하였다. 결과 : 환자군의 평균연령은 50.9±15.3세였고 남녀비는 1.3:1이었다. 진단별로 연조직염 47명(78.3%), 개방창생감염 6명(10.0%), 피하농양 2명(3.3%), 기타 5명(8.3%)이었고, linezolid의 평균 투여 횟수는 41.2±19.3회였다. 60명의 환자 중 추적 관찰을 포함한 모든 치료 일정을 마친 환자는 42명(70.0%)이었고 치료 성공은 38명(90.5%)이었고 4명(9.5%)이 치료에 실패하였다. 배양검사에서 7명의 환자로부터 원인균이 분리되어 4명이 미생물학적으로 박멸되었고 3명은 집락 형성으로 판정되었다. Linezolid와 관련된 이상반응은 소화기계 이상 13명(21.7%), 혈액 및 생화학적 이상 13명(21.7%), 감각신경계 이상 2명(3.3%)순이었고 단일 이상 반응으로는 오심(15%)이 가장 흔하였으나 linezolid와 관련이 증명된 중대한 이상반응은 없었다. 결론 : Linezolid는 그람양성균에 의해 발생되는 피부 및 연조직 감염증의 치료에 우수한 효과가 있었으며, 비교적 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.

Prognostic Factors and Scoring Systems for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Brain Metastases Treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Eom, Jung-Seop,Cho, Eun-Jung,Baek, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Kyung-Nam,Shin, Kyung-Hwa,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Kwang-Ha,Kim, Ki-Uk,Park, Hye-Kyung,Kim, Yun-Sung,Park, Soon-Kew,Cha, Seong-Heon,Lee, Min-Ki The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.1

Background: The survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases is reported to be 3~6 months even with aggressive treatment. Some patients have very short survival after aggressive treatment and reliable prognostic scoring systems for patients with cancer have a strong correlation with outcome, often supporting decision making and treatment recommendations. Methods: A total of one hundred twenty two NSCLC patients with brain metastases who received gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) were analyzed. Survival analysis was calculated in all patients for thirteen available prognostic factors and four prognostic scoring systems: score index for radiosurgery (SIR), recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), and basic score for brain metastases (BSBM). Results: Age, Karnofsky performance status, largest brain lesion volume, systemic chemotherapy, primary tumor control, and medication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor were statistically independent prognostic factors for survival. A multivariate model of SIR and RPA identified significant differences between each group of scores. We found that three-tiered indices such as SIR and RPA are more useful than four-tiered scoring systems (GPA and BSBM). Conclusion: There is little value of RPA class III (most unfavorable group) for the same results of 6-month and 1-year survival rate. Thus, SIR is the most useful index to sort out patients with poorer prognosis. Further prospective trials should be performed to develop a new molecular- and gene-based prognostic index model.

Surface mass balance contributions to acceleration of Antarctic ice mass loss during 2003-2013

Seo, Ki-Weon,Wilson, Clark R.,Scambos, Ted,Kim, Baek-Min,Waliser, Duane E.,Tian, Baijun,Kim, Byeong-Hoon,Eom, Jooyoung American Geophysical Union 2015 Journal of geophysical research. JGR. Earth surfac Vol.120 No.5

<P> Recent observations from satellite gravimetry (the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission) suggest an acceleration of ice mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). The contribution of surface mass balance changes (due to variable precipitation) is compared with GRACE-derived mass loss acceleration by assessing the estimated contribution of snow mass from meteorological reanalysis data. We find that over much of the continent, the acceleration can be explained by precipitation anomalies. However, on the Antarctic Peninsula and other parts of West Antarctica, mass changes are not explained by precipitation and are likely associated with ice discharge rate increases. The total apparent GRACE acceleration over all of the AIS between 2003 and 2013 is -13.6 ± 7.2 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. Of this total, we find that the surface mass balance component is -8.2 ± 2.0 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. However, the GRACE estimate appears to contain errors arising from the atmospheric pressure fields used to remove air mass effects. The estimated acceleration error from this effect is about 9.8 ± 5.8 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. Correcting for this yields an ice discharge acceleration of -15.1 ± 6.5 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. </P>