Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1-Benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3- (piperidin-4-yl) propyl)piperidine Derivatives against Pathogens of Lycopersicon esculentum: A Structure-activity Evaluation Study

K. Vinaya, R. Kavitha,C. S. Ananda Kumar,S. B. Benaka Prasad,S. Chandrappa,S. A. Deepak,S. Nanjunda Swamy,S. Umesha,K. S. Rangappa 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.1

Several 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine derivatives 8(a-j) were prepared by the treatment of substituted benzhydryl chlorides with 4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine followed by N-sulfonation with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of dry methylene dichloride and triethyl amine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents by artificial inoculation technique against standard strains of two important bacterial viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum as well as and two fungal pathogens namely Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani of tomato plants. We have briefly investigated the structure-activity relation studies and reveal that the nature of substitutions on benzhydryl ring and sulfonamide ring influences the antibacterial activity. Among the synthesized new compounds 8b, 8d, 8g, 8h, 8i, and 8j were showed significant potent antimicrobial activities compared to the standard drugs Chloramphenicol, Mancozeb.

Design of IoT Based Human Bond Communication in Smart Foam Nanocomposite Sensor Through In-Situ Polymerization Method for Female Child Safety

Kavitha A.,Swaminathan J. N. 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.6

The aim of this paper is to propose a device to safeguard the female child from sexual violence by continuous monitoring. In today's scenario, human-bound communication plays a significant role in monitoring applications. One such application is a wearable sensor. This paper aims to design a nanocomposite wearable sensor to protect female against sexual harassment. The wearable sensor is manufactured by compressible metal foams. A conducting polymer solution is prepared by mixing the non-conducting polymer with synthesized metallic nanoparticles such as Zinc Sulphide, Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide nanoparticles. Smart foam is converted into conducting type by dipping the foam into the conducting polymer solution. Nanoparticles are impregnated into the foam to create electrical conductivity. In this way, the compression sensor is fabricated. The compressed foam with filled nanoparticles will be preserved as a novel decorative element in women's hairclips. This sensor is well disguised and cannot be seen by outsiders because it is portrayed merely as a cosmetic women's hairclip. This hairclip will act as a compression sensor. In recent years, women have attained significant heights in work, sports, positions, etc., and have conquered the world and still are conquering various fields of life. Women have outcasted men standing on their own feet and provided the freedom from society, respective families and spouses to achieve their dreams and ambitions. Though they have come a long way in breaking off from various constraints, their vulnerability and the peril of being prone to or a victim of sexual harassment still haven't been eradicated by the world. Surveys show that rapes and the entailing deaths have increased by 1700 percent from the past decades only in India. Provided the circumstance, it is highly essential to safeguard from the hounding men. Thus, if someone tries invading a woman for their sexual desires or feels stranded by miscreants, she may press the hairclip. The hairclip will automatically function as a compression sensor if she is forcefully grabbed by the hair or knocked over. The signal is transmitted during the compression of the clip, and her parents/guardians will receive a message about their female child's location. This provides a chance to rescue her immediately. This device does not require a mobile phone or any application for the victim to ensure their safety. The device is designed to be lightweight and easy to carry since it is a conveniently wearable product. The idea behind this wearable device is to constantly monitor the female child to protect her from a devastating sexual assault.

A Cluster-Based Routing Strategy Using Gravitational Search Algorithm for WSN

A. Kavitha,Koppala Guravaiah,R. Leela Velusamy 한국정보과학회 2020 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.14 No.1

The emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) increasingly attracts many researchers. A big challenging issue in the WSN is to replace the sensor nodes when they run out of energy. Hence, it is indispensable to design a cluster-based routing for WSN so as to prolong the lifetime of a network. In this study, a clustered routing approach is proposed to attain energy efficiency by applying gravitational search algorithm (GSA). GSA has been used for assigning sensor nodes to an appropriate cluster head (CH) in a load-balanced way such that it reduces the energy consumption and hence enhances the lifetime of a network. The proposed approach outperforms popular clustering approaches, such as LEACHC, DEEC, (ACH)2, HCCRFD, and GSA-EC, relating to various performance parameters, such as network lifetime, energy dissipation and the number of packets sent to base station.

An effective and facile synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders using oxalic acid―ethylene glycol mixture

D. Gopi,P.R. Bhalaji,V.C.A. Prakash,A.K. Ramasamy,L. Kavitha,J.M.F. Ferreira 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

A method to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic powders using a metal-oxalate route with calcium chloride and phosphoric acid as calcium and phosphorus precursors respectively is described. Ethylene glycol was used as a reaction medium and oxalic acid as a chelating agent. The resulting HAP powders were calcined at 600 ℃ for 6 h and subsequently sintered at 900 ℃ for 2 h. FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques were employed for the characterization of the synthesized particles. Moreover, the influence of reaction temperature on the HAP formation was also studied. The results have shown successful formation of the crystalline, uniform sized, uniform shaped and stoichiometric HAP powders at a reaction temperature of 75 ℃ which was found to be the optimum temperature for the preparation. The grain size of the synthesized sample was 680 nm in length and 440 nm in width.

Monitoring and Identification of Various Glucose Levels of Diabetes Patients Using Edge Based Machine Learning Approach

Maheshwari A.,Hemalatha B.,Lakshmi G.,Kavitha A.,Tata Ravi Kumar,Taqui Syed Noeman,Al Obaid Sami,Alharbi Sulaiman Ali,Raghavan S. S. 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

The diabetes is a disease that can become a serious disorder for a lifetime. It kills more than a million people every year. This disease can afect anyone. Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to process all the sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream; its complications can move to heart issues, caress, vision loss, and kidney stoppage and leg amputation problems. Many people with diabetes inject their body daily and feel that their work is done. Diabetes is an incurable disease because of poor health. The diabetes be able to be divided keen on2 types. The type-1 diabetes is hereditary. It is not easy to cure. People with type 2 diabetes can greatly reduce their risk of developing diabetes by following a proper, proper lifestyle. In addition it helps reduce the risk of diabetes. The proposed model of managing diabetics explains this disease as a specifc lifestyle. The existence of an efective system for the treatment of diabetes, according to the tasks currently set out, provides for the achievement of goals. The proposed edge based machine learning approach was achieved 85% of results compared with the Blood glucose level prediction, Adaptive multivariable closed-loop control, neural model of blood glucose level and Detecting Undiagnosed Diabetes.

Impact of Non-obstructive left main disease on the progression of coronary artery disease: A PARADIGM substudy

Weir-McCall, Jonathan R.,Blanke, Philipp,Sellers, Stephanie L.,Ahmadi, Amir A.,Andreini, Daniele,Budoff, Matthew J.,Cademartiri, Filippo,Chinnaiyan, Kavitha,Choi, Jung Hyun,Chun, Eun Ju,Conte, Edoardo Elsevier 2018 Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography Vol.12 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The aim of the study is examine the impact of non-obstructive (<50%stenosis) left main (LM) disease on the natural history of coronary artery disease using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>CTAs from the PARADIGM (Progression of atherosclerotic plaque determined by computed tomographic angiography imaging) study, a prospective multinational registry of patients who underwent serial CTA at a ≥2 year interval were analyzed. Those without evidence of CAD on their baseline scan were excluded, as were those with obstructive left main disease. Coronary artery vessels and their branches underwent quantification of: plaque volume and composition; diameter stenosis; presence of high-risk plaque.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 944 (62 ± 9 years, 60% male) who had evidence of CAD at baseline, 444 (47%) had LM disease. Those with LM disease had a higher baseline plaque volume (194.8 ± 221mm3 versus 72.9 ± 84.3mm3, p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque (17.5% versus 13%, p < 0.001) than those without LM disease. On multivariable general linear model, patients with LM disease had greater annual rates of progression of total (26.5 ± 31.4mm3/yr versus 14.9 ± 20.1mm3/yr, p < 0.001) and calcified plaque volume (17 ± 24mm3/yr versus 7 ± 11mm3/yr, p < 0.001), with no difference in fibrous, fibrofatty or necrotic core plaque components.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The presence of non-obstructive LM disease is associated with greater rates of plaque progression and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque throughout the entire coronary artery tree compared to CAD without LM involvement. Our data suggests that non-obstructive LM disease may be a marker for an aggressive phenotype of CAD that may benefit from more intensive treatment strategies.</P>

Super-hydrophobicity: Mechanism, fabrication and its application in medical implants to prevent biomaterial associated infections

Kavitha Sri A.,Deeksha P.,Deepika G.,Nishanthini J.,Hikku G.S.,Antinate Shilpa S.,Jeyasubramanian K.,Murugesan R. 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.92 No.-

In this report, the insights for mimicking the natural phenomenon found in lotus leaves i.e. super-hydrophobic surface are compiled. Recently, there are reports that critically evaluated the application ofthis nature inspired property to many artificial substrates like metals, plastics, fabrics, paper, etc. Fromthe summarized reports, it is evident that the two important prerequisites for fabricating super-hydrophobic surfaces are necessary nano/micron scale topographical roughness and subsequentmodification by the low surface energy compounds. Detailed description about the water repellentnature, rolling-off properties of the water droplet with the nano/micro engineered surfaces in terms ofWenzel and Cassie-Baxter models are explored. Extending this application in the biotechnologicalfield asimplants is an innovative thought since employing the non-wettable character in the implants surfacecan eliminate many drawbacks. More thoughts and insights have been focused on developing super-hydrophobicity over bio-materials to reduce bacterial biofilm formation to overcome the drawback ofbiomaterial associated infections. The possible mechanisms behind the biofilm formation and how thesuper-hydrophobic surface can effectively mitigate the bacterial adhesion are also covered in detail.

Glucose sensing, photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of graphene-ZnO nanoparticle hybrids

Kavitha, T.,Gopalan, A.I.,Lee, K.P.,Park, S.Y. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Carbon Vol.50 No.8

A simple and efficient approach was developed to uniformly decorate graphene nanosheets with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. A single source precursor, zinc benzoate dihydrazinate complex, has been used for the in situ generation of ZnO nanoparticles onto graphene at a relatively low temperature, 200<SUP>o</SUP>C. Physico chemical analyses such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that ZnO nanoparticles were finely dispersed on the surface of graphene. ZnO-graphene hybrids were further characterized by Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and room-temperature photoluminescence. The materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity as evident from the degradation of methylene blue in ethanol under UV irradiation. An electrochemical glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilization of glucose oxidase on the ZnO-graphene hybrids. This biosensor showed improved sensitivity towards glucose as compared to graphene. Also, the hybrids showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, gram negative bacteria. This simple and economical preparation strategy may be extended for the preparation of other graphene-based hybrids.

Liquefaction of food waste and its impacts on anaerobic biodegradability, energy ratio and economic feasibility

Kavitha, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Priya, A. Arul,Uan, Do Khac,Yeom, Ick Tae Elsevier 2017 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.208 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present study, a new and novel attempt was made to investigate the effect of liquefaction (20–60%) on energy efficient gaseous biofuel recovery and cost during chemo thermo disperser liquefaction of food waste (CTDL). The outcome of the study revealed that rpm (10,000), specific energy input (174 kJ/kg TS), disintegration time (5 min) and energy efficiency of about 11.1 kg SCOD/KWh were considered as optimum in terms of energy and cost. The cost incurred to achieve 20–40% liquefaction was estimated to be 0.0132–0.0168 USD and found to be comparatively very low than the cost incurred (0.0367–0.0547) to achieve 50–60% liquefaction. The biodegradability results showed that a significant increment in biodegradability was achieved (from 0.26 gCOD/gCOD to 0.8 gCOD/gCOD) when the liquefaction was increased from 30 to 40% and an insignificant increment in biodegradability (from 0.8 gCOD/gCOD to 0.84 gCOD/gCOD) was achieved when the liquefaction was increased from 40 to 60%, respectively. The impact of liquefaction on energy balance and cost at tonnage level revealed that 40% liquefaction was considered to be profitable with energy ratio and net profit of about 1.12 and 93 USD/Ton, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel study to evaluate the effect of food waste liquefaction on biodegradability. </LI> <LI> Energy efficiency of 11.1 kg SCOD/kWh was optimum for combinative liquefaction. </LI> <LI> Cost spent to attain 20–40% liquefaction was very low compared to others. </LI> <LI> No significant difference in biodegradability for samples with 40–60% liquefaction. </LI> <LI> Achievement of 40% liquefaction was beneficial in terms of energy and cost. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

H₂O₂ induced cost effective microwave disintegration of dairy waste activated sludge in acidic environment for efficient biomethane generation

Eswari, A. Parvathy,Kavitha, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Karthikeyan, O. Parthiba,Yeom, Ick-Tae Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.244 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to improve the biomethane potential of dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-acidic pH induced microwave disintegration (HAMW-D) pretreatment approach. The results of HAMW-D compared with the microwave disintegration (MW-D) alone for energy and economic factors. In the two phase disintegration process, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> concentration of about 0.5mg/g SS under acid pH of 5 was found to be optimum for effective dissociation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) matrix. A higher liquefaction of about 46.6% was achieved in HAMW-D when compared to that of MW-D (30%). It subsequently improved the methane yield of about 250mL/g VS in HAMW-D, which was 9.6% higher than MW-D. A net profit of about 49€/ton was achieved for HAMW-D, therefore it is highly recommended for WAS pretreatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EPS dissociation was enhanced by the addition of 0.5mg/g SS of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in acidic pH. </LI> <LI> HAMW-D process liquefies organics at 10,810kJ/kg TS of specific energy input. </LI> <LI> The novel HAMW-D process improves methane production (250mL/g VS) efficiently. </LI> <LI> Cost analysis indicated that HAMW-D process was economically feasible than MW-D. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>