For Hyper-Responders, Should We Use GnRH Antagonist Protocol or PPOS and How to Achieve Adequate Trigger for Final Maturation

( Shee-uan Chen ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

Influence of the Thermochemical Sludge Pretreatment on the Nitrification of A/O Reactor with the Removal of Phosphorus by Simultaneous Precipitation

Khac-Uan Do,J. Rajesh Banu,S. Kaliappan,ICK-TAE YEOM 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.2

In the present study, a laboratory scale anoxic/oxic (A/O) reactor is used for the removal of nutrient and sludge reduction. Phosphorus removal was achieved through simultaneous precipitation, and sludge production was reduced through thermochemical pretreatment. The main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of sludge pretreatment on the nitrification rate. Total phosphorus in the effluent was maintained around 0.5 ~1.0 mg/L by simultaneous precipitation, using coagulant alum at 2.2 mole ratio. Before simultaneous precipitation,the nitrification rate of the A/O reactor was found to be 0.050 g N-NH4+/g MLVSS.d. The thermochemical sludge pretreatment began on the 120th day at pH 11 and 80oC. The initiation of sludge pretreatment brought about a significant reduction of the A/O reactor nitrification rate,which fell to 0.038 g N-NH4+/g MLVSS/day. The effect of sludge pretreatment was reflected in the reduction of the nitrogen removal efficiency from 85 to 74%. Recycling of the thermochemically pretreated sludge accounted for 57%sludge reduction, which had an adverse influence on the nitrification rate of the system.

Effect of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on sludge reduction and on performances of anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor treating low strength domestic wastewater

Do, Khac-Uan,Banu, J. Rajesh,Chung, Ik-Jae,Yeom, Ick-Tae John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Vol.84 No.9

<P>BACKGROUND: Reduction of excess sludge production has become an urgent issue. An investigation into the influence of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on sludge reduction in a bench-scale anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor was performed. Two systems were operated. In one system, part of the mixed liquid (1.5% of the influent flow rate) was pretreated thermochemically (at 80 °C, pH 11 and 3 h) and returned to the bioreactor. This study examined and evaluated the effect of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on the reduction of excess sludge and on the performance of the system.</P><P>RESULTS: The average solubilization efficiency of the pretreated sludge was found to be about 0.2. The sludge production rate of the experimental system (E-MBR) was less than that of the control (C-MBR) by about 33%. The total phosphorus was removed mainly by normal cell synthesis, with removal efficiencies of 38–40% and 40–42% for the E-MBR and C-MBR, respectively. The total nitrogen removal in the E-MBR was slightly higher than in the C-MBR due to supply of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) from the digested sludge solution as an external carbon source. The mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratios for the two systems were almost identical, in the range 74–77%, indicating that the inorganics from the disintegrated cells do not accumulate as particulates in the reactor. The TMP was maintained at less than 6 cmHg for 180 days without membrane cleaning.</P><P>CONCLUSION: Thermochemical sludge pretreatment can play an important role in reducing sludge production. The qualities of the effluent water were not significantly affected during 6 months of operation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

高麗與金ㆍ宋的關係

黃寬重(Huang K’uan-chung) 한림대학교 아시아문화연구소 1986 아시아문화 Vol.- No.1

시각적 단어 재인에서 사건관련 뇌전위 P200 성분의 의미

권유안(Kwon, Yo-uan) 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 2022 人文硏究 Vol.- No.98

단어를 보고 이해하는 과정은 매우 빠르고 자동적이다. 따라서 단어 이해 이전에 어떤 정보가 중간에 처리되는 지를 탐지하기 위해서는 1/1000초 단위로 뇌 활성화를 측정하는 뇌파 측정법이 많이 사용되었고, 그 결과 단어 처리 관련 뇌파 성분들이 발견되었다. 본 논문은 여러 뇌파 성분들 중 자극 제시 이후 약 200ms 대에 양극 방향으로 나타나는 P200 성분의 기능에 대해서 고찰하였다. 유럽 언어권에서 많은 연구들이 P200 성분은 다음절 단어로부터 첫 음절을 분리할 때 생성되는 사건관련 뇌파로 보고 있다. 왜냐하면 로마자 알파벳 표기법에서 음절의 경계는 시각적으로 나타나지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 한글과 같은 모아쓰기 방식의 언어는 음절과 음절 사이 작은 공간이 있어 음절의 경계가 시각적으로 명확하다. 비록 두 쓰기 방식이 서로 다른 특징들을 갖고 있지만, 기존 연구에 의하면 동일한 P200의 변동이 음절빈도 변화에 의해 생성된다. 따라서 본 논문은 풀어쓰기와 모아쓰기 언어에서 나타난 P200 성분을 고찰하고, 기존 음절 분리를 반영하는 P200 성분이 아닌 다른 기능을 제안하였다. Reading and comprehension procedures are very fast and automatic in skilled readers. Therefore, to detect which information is processed in the middle of procedures, an EEG that can measure brain activation in 1/1000 second has been widely used, and as a result, ERP components reflecting word processing were found. This article reviews the function of P200 component which is a positive going peak around 200ms after stimulus onset. In European languages, a lot of studies suggest that the P200 component reflects a difficult level of processes to be produced when readers divide the first syllable from a bisyllabic word. It is because there is no visual cue showing a boundary between syllables in the Roman alphabet writing system. However, the language of different writing system, for example Hangul put together several alphabets in a square, has a very clear visual cue discriminating the first syllable from the rest syllables. Although two different writing systems have dissimilar characteristics, according to previous studies, same P200 component is generated. Hence, this article reviews P200 components in both writing system and suggests a possible another function of P200 component not the previous function that was a separating the first syllable from a word.

중국어통사론에서의 생성문법 연구동향(2)

C .-T . Jam es H uan g,Y .-H . A ud rey L i,李彰浩(번역자) 중국어문논역학회 2005 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.15 No.-

Effect of Alum on Nitrification during Simultaneous Phosphorous Removal in Anoxic/Oxic Reactor

J. Rajesh Banu,Khac-Uan Do,S. Kaliappan,염익태 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.4

Phosphorus and nitrogen are the important eutrophication nutrients. They are removed in the anoxic/oxic reactor through simultaneous precipitation and biological nitrogen removal. The effect of alum a commonly used simultaneous precipitant on biological nitrification and denitrification are investigated in the present study. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus was carried out using the coagulant alum Al₂(SO₄)₃∙14H₂O at 2.2 mol ratio. Before the start of simultaneous precipitation the nitrification rate of the A/O reactor was found to be 0.05 g N-NH4+/g VSS/d. It starts to decrease with increase in coagulant dosage. The nitrification rate for alum dosage 97.13 mg/L was 0.38 g N- NH₄+/g VSS/d. There was no accumulation of nitrate in anoxic tank. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor was affected and it fell from 88 to 78%. There was a slight decrease in effluent COD from 16~20 mg/L to 8~12 mg/L after the introduction of simultaneous precipitation into the reactor. The usage of alum as a simultaneous precipitant in the anoxic/oxic reactor was limited due to its inhibition on nitrification. Alum did not have any affect over denitrification process.

A study on the performance of a pilot scale A2/0-MBR system in treating domestic wastewater.

Banu, J Rajesh,Uan, Do Khac,Chung, Ik-Jae,Kaliappan, S,Yeom, Ick-Tae The Academy 2009 Journal of environmental biology Vol.30 No.6

<P>Phosphorus and nitrogen are the important eutrophication nutrients. They were removed in the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) system through biologically. The use of pilot scale A2/O systems with immersed membranes in removing nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen were investigated over a period of 150 days. The A2/O membrane bio reactor (MBR) was operated at a flux of 17 LMH. The designed flux was increased stepwise over a period of one week. The reactor was operated with the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations in the range of 7000-8000 mg l(-1). The phosphorus removal was found to be in the range of 74-84%. The ammonification was completed in the aerobic zone and the ammonia concentration was almost nil. Nitrate concentration in the anoxic zone was found to be in the range of 0.3-1.6 mg l(-1) indicating efficient denitrification. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the A2/O-MBR system was in the range of 68 to 75%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent was in the range of 8-5 mgl(-1) indicating the efficiency of membrane. During the period of reactor operation transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the reactor increased slowly from 0 to 6 -cmHg over a period of 150 days.</P>

Effect of sludge pretreatment on the performance of anaerobic/ anoxic/ oxic membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater

Banu, J. Rajesh,Uan, D. K.,Kaliappan, S.,Yeom, I. T. Springer-Verlag 2011 International journal of environmental science and Vol.8 No.2

A Power-Efficient Method to Mitigate the EMI of Switched-Mode Power Supplies

Khalid Zeineddine,Alexander Uan-Zo-li,Chung-hao Chen,Jaehong Hahn,Dong-ho Han 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Modern microprocessors are predominately powered by the Switched-Mode Power Supplies. Fast switching of the power MOSFETs causes high-frequency voltage and current oscillations in the loop formed by the input decoupling and the MOSFETs. Such oscillations generate significant and broadband EMI noise. Conventional techniques to suppress this noise such as using snubbers, increasing MOSFET gate resistance or employing smaller MOSFETs result in higher power loss, shorter batter life and expensive cooling. This paper proposes an alternative approach to mitigate the EMI based on careful design of input decoupling. The paper shows how input decoupling can be optimized to provide low resistance path for low frequency ripple of the input current, while forcing high-frequency current to flow through a high resistance path. This method effectively increases the decay rate of the oscillations, which in turn decreases the EMI. This method was verified on two laptop designs and the experimental results showed 6㏈ of EMI reduction with no measurable degradation in the power efficiency.