Enhancement of sludge anaerobic biodegradability by combined microwave-H2O2 pretreatment in acidic conditions

Eswari, P.,Kavitha, S.,Kaliappan, S.,Yeom, I. T.,Banu, J. R. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.23 No.13

<P>The aim of this study was to increase the sludge disintegration and reduce the cost of microwave (MW) pretreatment. Thermodynamic analysis of MW hydrolysis revealed the best fit with a first-order kinetic model at a specific energy of 18,600 kJ/kg total solids (TS). Combining H2O2 with MW resulted in a significant increment in solubilization from 30 to 50 % at 18,600 kJ/kg TS. The pH of H2O2-assisted MW-pretreated sludge (MW + H2O2) was in the alkaline range (pH 9-10), and it made the sludge unfavorable for subsequent anaerobic digestion and inhibits methane production. In order to nullify the alkaline effect caused by the MW + H2O2 combination, the addition of acid was considered for pH adjustment. H2O2-assisted MW-pretreated sludge in acidic conditions (MW + H2O2 + acid) showed a maximum methane production of 323 mL/g volatile solids (VS) than others during anaerobic biodegradability. A cost analysis of this study reveals that MW + H2O2 + acid was the most economical method with a net profit of 59.90 a,not sign/t of sludge.</P>

H₂O₂ induced cost effective microwave disintegration of dairy waste activated sludge in acidic environment for efficient biomethane generation

Eswari, A. Parvathy,Kavitha, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Karthikeyan, O. Parthiba,Yeom, Ick-Tae Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.244 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to improve the biomethane potential of dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-acidic pH induced microwave disintegration (HAMW-D) pretreatment approach. The results of HAMW-D compared with the microwave disintegration (MW-D) alone for energy and economic factors. In the two phase disintegration process, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> concentration of about 0.5mg/g SS under acid pH of 5 was found to be optimum for effective dissociation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) matrix. A higher liquefaction of about 46.6% was achieved in HAMW-D when compared to that of MW-D (30%). It subsequently improved the methane yield of about 250mL/g VS in HAMW-D, which was 9.6% higher than MW-D. A net profit of about 49€/ton was achieved for HAMW-D, therefore it is highly recommended for WAS pretreatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EPS dissociation was enhanced by the addition of 0.5mg/g SS of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> in acidic pH. </LI> <LI> HAMW-D process liquefies organics at 10,810kJ/kg TS of specific energy input. </LI> <LI> The novel HAMW-D process improves methane production (250mL/g VS) efficiently. </LI> <LI> Cost analysis indicated that HAMW-D process was economically feasible than MW-D. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

L- Arginine as a dietary supplement and its role in protection from disease and metabolism

BEERAM, Eswari Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.4

Now a days problem in health has become common. So, instead of curing them, prevention through dietary supplements has proven to be useful. In the case of patients who have already developed the disease atleast relieving pain and suffer is a challenging thing. In this context L- arginine is doing better compared to other essential aminoacids up to some extent. Arginine was found to reduce the pain associated with pulmonary hypertension foun to be associated with sickle cell anaemia. It also reduces the reperfusion injury after ischemia, trauma and shock. Some of the drugs with L-arginine as component are under clinical trials and hope to be available in the market soon. Severe preeclampsia is characterised by headaches, blurred vision, and inability to have high photovision, nausea and vomiting. L-Arginine along with Vit C and E are given as medical food to the patients and decrease in condition symptoms is the project now under phase II clinical trial. However the role of arginine in ameolirating preeclampsia symptoms is uncertain except with that of hypertension. Arginine is used to treat pain in sickle cell anaemia, lung damage, reperfusion injury, Trauma and shock but should be excluded during sepsis.

RNases and their role in Cancer

Beeram, Eswari Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.2

RNases plays a pivotal role in biological system and different RNases are known for their various functions like angiogenesis, immunological response, antiviral, antitumour activity and apoptosis. In which anti tumour activity of RNase is proved to improve genome stability in normal cells up to some extent. RNases like RNase L shows antiviral and antitumour activities against virus infected cells and cancer cells through 2'-5' oligo adenylate pathway and induces RNaseL dependent apoptosis where as RNase A modulates various proliferative pathways like MAP kinase, JNK, TGF-${\beta}$ and activates apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes immunological response through processing of Ags. IRE1 RNase acts as both tumour suppressor gene and oncogene in normal and cancer cells and involved in both antitumour and tumorigenic activities. RNase III upregulates miRNA in cancer cells there by acting via posttranscriptional level and proven to be effective against colorectal adeno carcinoma. In addition to this IRE1 RNase is a double edged sword through RIDD pathway in ER (18). To some of the cancers expressing c-myc IRE1 acts as tumour suppressor where as in cancers where myc is downregulated IRE1 acts as tumour provoking through RIDD pathway (18). Thus RNases play vital role in regulating the genome stability.

Proteins as the molecular markers of male fertility

Beeram, Eswari Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2018 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.4 No.4

Proteins play a key role in many functions such as metabolic activity, differentiation, as cargos and cell fate regulators. It is necessary to know about the markers involved in male fertility in order to develop remedies for the treatment of male infertility. But, the role of the proteins is not limited to particular function in the biological systems. Some of the proteins act as ion channels such as catsper and proteins like Nanos acts as a translational repressor in germ cells and expressed in prenatal period whose role in male fertility is uncertain. Rbm5 is a pre mRNA splicing factor necessary for sperm differentiation whose loss of function results deficit in sperm production. DEFB114 is a beta defensin family protein necessary for sperm motility in LPS challenged mice where as TEX 101 is a plasma membrane specific germ cell protein whose function is not clearly known u to now. Gpr56 is another adhesion protein whose null mutation leads to arrest of production of pups in rats. Amyloid precursor protein role in Alzheimer's disease is already known but it plays an important role in male fertility also but its function is uncertain and has to be considered while targeting APP during the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The study on amyloid precursor protein in male fertility is a novel thing but requires further study in correlation to alzheimer's disease.

Artificial neural networks as classification and diagnostic tools for lymph node-negative breast cancers

Satya Eswari J.,Neha Chandrakar 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.4

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to develop a technique to classify lymph node negative breast cancer that is prone to distant metastases based on gene expression signatures. The neural network used is a multilayered feed forward network that employs back propagation algorithm. Once trained with DNA microarraybased gene expression profiles of genes that were predictive of distant metastasis recurrence of lymph node negative breast cancer, the ANNs became capable of correctly classifying all samples and recognizing the genes most appropriate to the classification. To test the ability of the trained ANN models in recognizing lymph node negative breast cancer, we analyzed additional idle samples that were not used beforehand for the training procedure and obtained the correctly classified result in the validation set. For more substantial result, bootstrapping of training and testing dataset was performed as external validation. This study illustrates the potential application of ANN for breast tumor diagnosis and the identification of candidate targets in patients for therapy.

What is body underweight?

Beeram, Eswari,Eshita, Ishrat Rafique Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.5

Arginine is one of the basic aminoacid found to be associated with histones and also one of the essential aminoacids now. Arginine is provided by diet, and also found to be synthesised in the body through intestinal-renal axis. Justification---BMI---Associated Risks-How to gain body weight---Healthy. Foods to Gain Weight Fast---High-Protein Vegetables and Fruits(with Image)-Recipes---Physical exercises-List of fruits and vegetables grown in Bangladesh with local names, English names and Botanical names-taxonomic family names. Arginine as drug was first approved by FDA and has recognised as a excellent dietary supplement for curing diseases like preeclampsia during gestation, diabetes and insulin resistance in obese patients. Preeclampsia is characterised by high blood pressure and proteinuria in gestational period of after 20 weeks. Severe preeclampsia is characterised by headaches, blurred vision, and inability to have high photovision, nausea and vomiting. L-Arginine along with Vit C and E are given as medical food to the patients and decrease in condition symptoms is the project now under phase II clinical trial. However the role of arginine in ameolirating preeclampsia symptoms is uncertain except with that of hypertension. Arginine is used to treat pain in sickle cell anaemia, lung damage, reperfusion injury, Trauma and shock but should be excluded during sepsis.

Behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete beams strengthened with GFRP laminates

S. Syed Ibrahim,S. Eswari,T. Sundararajan 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.5

This study aims to investigate the flexural behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminated hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) beams. The flexural and ductility performance of GFRP laminated HFRC beams having different proportions of polyolefin and steel fibres with 1.0% of total volume fraction were investigated. The parameters of this investigation included: load and deflection at first crack, yield, and ultimate stages, ductility and crack width. A total of seven beams of 150×250 mm in cross-section were tested in the laboratory over an effective span of 2800 mm. One reinforced concrete (RC) beam without any internal or external GFRP was taken as the reference beam. Of the remaining six beams, one beam was strengthened with GFRP, one beam with 100% steel fibres was strengthened with GFRP and four beams, each with different volume proportions of polyolefin and steel fibres (20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50) were strengthened with GFRP. All the above beams were tested until failure. The experimental results show that a fibre volume proportion of 40:60 (polyolefin-steel) has significantly improved the overall performance of the tested beams.

Behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete beams strengthened with GFRP laminates

Ibrahim, S. Syed,Eswari, S.,Sundararajan, T. Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.5

This study aims to investigate the flexural behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminated hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) beams. The flexural and ductility performance of GFRP laminated HFRC beams having different proportions of polyolefin and steel fibres with 1.0% of total volume fraction were investigated. The parameters of this investigation included: load and deflection at first crack, yield, and ultimate stages, ductility and crack width. A total of seven beams of $150{\times}250mm$ in cross-section were tested in the laboratory over an effective span of 2800 mm. One reinforced concrete (RC) beam without any internal or external GFRP was taken as the reference beam. Of the remaining six beams, one beam was strengthened with GFRP, one beam with 100% steel fibres was strengthened with GFRP and four beams, each with different volume proportions of polyolefin and steel fibres (20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50) were strengthened with GFRP. All the above beams were tested until failure. The experimental results show that a fibre volume proportion of 40:60 (polyolefin-steel) has significantly improved the overall performance of the tested beams.

Enhancing biomethanation from dairy waste activated biomass using a novel EGTA mediated microwave disintegration

Rajesh Banu, J.,Eswari, A. Parvathy,Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya,Uma Rani, R.,Kaliappan, S.,Yeom, Ick-Tae Elsevier 2018 Journal of environmental management Vol.223 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel approach to explore the impact of calcium specific chelant - Ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA) on deflocculation followed by biomass disintegration using microwave (MW) was investigated. In the first phase of the study, the EGTA dosage of 0.012 g/g suspended solids (SS) was found to be optimal for disassociating the biomass. Subsequent disintegration of biomass in microwave (EGTA-MW) yielded a biomass lysis and solids reduction of about 39.7% and 30.5%. EGTA-MW disintegration reduces the amount of specific energy required to disintegrate the biomass from 18,900 kJ/kg TS to 13,500 kJ/kg TS, when compared to control. The impact of EGTA-MW disintegration on anaerobic digestion was also evident from its methane yield (235.3 mL/g VS) which was 36.2% higher than control. An economic assessment of this study provides a net profit of 8.48 €/ton in EGTA-MW and highly endorsed for biomass disintegration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EGTA mediated microwave disintegration is a novel pretreatment method. </LI> <LI> EGTA mediated deflocculation was effective at 0.012 g/g SS. </LI> <LI> At low SE input 13,500 kJ/kg TS, EGTA-MW achieved a biomass lysis of about 39.7%. </LI> <LI> High methane potential of about 235.3 mL/g VS in EGTA-MW was achieved. </LI> <LI> EGTA-MW was found to be a cost-effective approach with a net profit of 8.48 €/ton. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>