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서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)
김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1
In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.
A NON-SPHERICAL MODEL FOR THE HOT OXYGEN CORONA OF MARS
KIM YONG HA,SON SUJEONG,YI YU,KIM JHOON The Korean Astronomical Society 2001 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.34 No.1
We have constructed a non-spherical model for the hot oxygen corona of Mars by including the effects of planetary rotation and diurnal variation of the Martian ionosphere. Exospheric oxygen densities are calculated by integrating ensemble of ballistic and escaping oxygen atoms from the exobase over the entire planet. The hot oxygen atoms are produced by dissociative recombination of $O^+_2$, the major ion in the Martian ionosphere. The densities of hot oxygen atoms at the exobase are estimated from electron densities which have been measured to vary with solar zenith angle. Our model shows that the density difference of hot oxygen atoms between noon and terminator is about two orders of magnitude near the exobase, but reduces abruptly around altitudes of 2000 km due to lateral transport. The diurnal variation of hot oxygen densities remains significant up to the altitude of 10000 km. The diurnal variation of the hot oxygen corona should thus be considered when the upcoming Nozomi measurements are analyzed. The non-spherical model of the hot oxy-gen corona may contribute to building sophisticate solar wind interaction models and thus result in more accurate escaping rate of oxygens from Mars.
Kim, Woogyung,Lee, Hanlim,Kim, Jhoon,Jeong, Ukkyo,Kweon, Jung Elsevier 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.56 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In order to investigate seasonal and diurnal variation of primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in a megacity, hourly measurements of particulate and gaseous pollutants were carried out in Seoul from January to December 2010. The EC Tracer Method (ECTM) and the Multiple Regression Method (MRM) have been used to estimate seasonal and diurnal concentrations of POC and SOC concentrations. Annual mean SOC concentrations estimated by ECTM (SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB>) and MRM (SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB>) accounted for 14.61 and 17.21% of TOC concentrations, respectively. Seasonal patterns in SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB> were comparable to those of SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB>, but the annual average SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB> was about 15% greater than that of SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB>. In spring, however, a large discrepancy was observed between SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB> and SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB>, which is thought to be due to a high ozone concentration and primary TOC/EC ratio. Regarding the annual mean diurnal characteristics, POC concentration showed peaks around 10:00 and 00:00 local time that were also observed in diurnal variations of TOC and EC concentrations. Annual mean SOC concentration, however, showed peaks at around 15:00. In the morning over all seasons, we found discrepancies between SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB> and SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB> due to overestimated SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB> concentration. The diurnal variations in SOC concentrations were found to have seasonal characteristics. The diurnal pattern of SOC concentration in spring was similar to that in autumn, and SOC concentrations in all seasons with the exception of winter showed a peak at around 15:00. In summer, however, the SOC concentration peak at around 15:00 was greater by 70%, 81%, and 54% than the peaks seen in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively, which could be explained by the high ozone concentration and strong UV radiation in summer. From 10:00 to 15:00 in summer, the average increase rates in SOC<SUB>ECTM</SUB> and SOC<SUB>MRM</SUB> were 0.39 and 0.24 μg m<SUP>−3</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. In winter, negligible diurnal variations of estimated SOC concentrations demonstrate that SOC formation is less active than in other seasons. The high concentration level of mean SOC in winter could be attributed to a low mixing height or stagnant atmospheric condition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► First estimation of diurnal SOC variations was carried out in a megacity site. ► Enhanced SOC concentration was estimated in summer. ► The diurnal variations in SOC concentrations show seasonal characteristics. ► SOC concentrations were peaked at 3:00 PM for all seasons with different magnitudes. ► The results from EC tracer and multiple regression methods show slight discrepancy.</P>
Kim, Jiyoung,Kim, Jhoon,Cho, Hi-Ku,Herman, Jay,Park, Sang Seo,Lim, Hyun Kwang,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Miyagawa, Koji,Lee, Yun Gon Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol.10 No.10
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Daily total column ozone (TCO) measured using the Pandora spectrophotometer (no. 19) was compared with data from the Dobson (no. 124) and Brewer (no. 148) spectrophotometers, as well as from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (with two different algorithms, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) TOMS and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) methods), over the 2-year period between March 2012 and March 2014 at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Based on the linear-regression method, the TCO from Pandora is closely correlated with those from other instruments with regression coefficients (slopes) of 0.95 (Dobson), 1.00 (Brewer), 0.98 (OMI-TOMS), and 0.97 (OMI-DOAS), and determination coefficients (R2) of 0.95 (Dobson), 0.97 (Brewer), 0.96 (OMI-TOMS), and 0.95 (OMI-DOAS). The daily averaged TCO from Pandora has within 3<span class='thinspace'></span>% differences compared to TCO values from other instruments. For the Dobson measurements in particular, the difference caused by the inconsistency in observation times when compared with the Pandora measurements was up to 12.5<span class='thinspace'></span>% because of diurnal variations in the TCO values. However, the comparison with Brewer after matching the observation time shows agreement with large <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and small biases. The TCO ratio between Brewer and Pandora shows the 0.98<span class='thinspace'></span>±<span class='thinspace'></span>0.03, and the distributions for relative differences between two instruments are 89.2 and 57.1<span class='thinspace'></span>% of the total data within the error ranges of 3 and 5<span class='thinspace'></span>%, respectively. The TCO ratio between Brewer and Pandora also is partially dependent on solar zenith angle. The error dependence by the observation geometry is essential to the further analysis focusing on the sensitivity of aerosol and the stray-light effect in the instruments.</p> </P>