Influence of Ripening Stages on the Quality of Whole Crop Silage and Grain Silage of Fodder Rice

Maruyama, S.,Yokoyama, I.,Asai, H.,Sakaguchi, S.,Ohtani, T.,Yokota, H.,Kita, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.3

In high-income Asian countries like Korea and Japan, per capita rice consumption has declined because of the change in consumer' favorite foods from rice to high-cost quality foods. This has forced farmers to reduce rice production. Although fodder rice could be another option to be cultured by farmers, available information concerning rice grain silage has been limited. In the present study, therefore, the difference in the quality of fodder rice silage prepared from either whole crop or grain at different ripening stages was compared. Various supplements were also added into whole crop and grain silages of fodder rice before ensiling, and thereafter, the palatability of prepared silages was determined by beef cattle. At ear emergence stage, the pH values for both grain and whole crop silages were approximately 4.5. In both grain and whole crop silages, the pH values were significantly increased by progressing ripening stages from milk-ripe stage to yellow-ripe stages, and the increase in pH value for grain silage was faster than that for whole crop silage. In the grain silage, the higher lactic acid (LA) content in grain silage seemed to be, the lower pH value was. Both in grain and whole crop silages, pH was significantly decreased by supplementation with LA bacteria. There were no significant differences in feed intake among any treatment groups.

Present Status of Gastric Mass Survey in Japan, and the Role of Endoscopy in the Future of Gastric Mass Survey

Maruyama, Masakazu 대한소화기내시경학회 1990 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.10 No.2

Foramen Magnum Decompression with Outer Dura Matter Layer Resection for Chiari Type I Malformation: Factors Correlated with Syrinx Reduction

Maruyama Toshiaki,Nakamae Toshio,Kamei Naosuke,Tanaka Nobuhiro,Fujiwara Yasushi,Harada Takahiro,Adachi Nobuo 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.2

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.Purpose: We aimed to investigate the surgical results of foramen magnum decompression (FMD) to identify the potential factors associated with syrinx reduction in Chiari malformation type I (CMI).Overview of Literature: The predictive value of preoperative factors for syrinx reduction in patients with CMI remains debatable.Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent microscopic FMD with outer dural layer resection for CMI. The distance from the tip of the cerebellar tonsil to the C2 vertebral endplate on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was defined as the tonsillar distance (TD). Patients who showed a >20% syrinx diameter reduction on the 1-year follow-up MRI were defined as the syrinx reduction group while the others were categorized in the syrinx nonreduction group. Patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale. The imaging and clinical parameters were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.Results: This study included 25 patients of whom 19 (76.0%) had syringomyelia. At the 1-year follow-up, the syrinx diameter had decreased in 11 patients (57.8%). The increased TD significantly differed between the syrinx reduction and nonreduction groups. At the 1-year follow-up, 12 and seven patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups, respectively. The clinically improved and unimproved groups showed significant differences in the mean age and increased TD.Conclusions: Postoperative syrinx reduction was significantly correlated with the upward shifting of the cerebellar tonsil in patients with CMI. Our quantitative evaluation of the alterations in hindbrain position after FMD was easily performed and reflects the clinical outcomes.

Pion production via proton synchrotron radiation in strong magnetic fields in relativistic field theory: Scaling relations and angular distributions

Maruyama, T.,Cheoun, M.K.,Kajino, T.,Mathews, G.J. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters: B Vol.757 No.-

<P>We study pion production by proton synchrotron radiation in the presence of a strong magnetic field when the Landau numbers of the initial and final protons are n(i, f) similar to 10(4)-10(5). We find in our relativistic field theory calculations that the pion decay width depends only on the field strength parameter which previously was only conjectured based upon semi-classical arguments. Moreover, we also find new results that the decay width satisfies a robust scaling relation, and that the polar angular distribution of emitted pion momenta is very narrow and can be easily obtained. This scaling implies that one can infer the decay width in more realistic magnetic fields of 10(15) G, where n(i, f) similar to 10(12)-10(13), from the results for n(i, f) similar to 10(4)-10(5). The resultant pion intensity and angular distributions for realistic magnetic field strengths are presented and their physical implications discussed. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).</P>

Effects of Chlorinated Sewage Effluents and Chloramine on the Growth of Porphyra Yezoensis (Rhodophyta)

Maruyama, Toshiro,Miura, Akio,Yoshida, Tamao,Suzuki, Yoshihiro 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Four kinds or chlorinated soultions were investigated to identify the causative substance(s) inhibiting the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. The inhibitory effects were measured in terms of the length and the number of dead cells in Porphyra yezoensis thalli. Tests were conducted by cultures dosed chlorinated municipal sewage effluent, chlorinated ammonium solution, chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water, respectively, each culture being subjected to shaking. Chlorinated municipal sewage effluent and chlorinated ammonium solution showed rather severe inhibitory effects on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli as compared to chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water. EC_20(10-day) values (in initial chlorine concentration) for chlorinated municipal sewage effluent, chlorinated ammonium solution and chlorinated ion exchanged water were 0.016 mg Cl2/l, 0.014-0.020 mg Cl2/l and 1.4 mg Cl2/l, respectively. The chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification did not show any adverse effects on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. It was determined that only mono-chloramine formed in both chlorinated municipal sewage effluent and chlorinated ammonium solution, and that no chloramine is present in both chlorinated effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water. Therefore, monochloramine was considered to be a causative substance to the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. Above mentioned results suggest that complete nitrification is suitable measures to reduce the adverse effects of chlorinated municipal sewage effluent on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli.

SOCIAL INCENTVES OF THE KOREAN KINSHIP ORGANINZATION

MARUYAMA, KOICHI 이화여자대학교 동서교육연구소 1980 East west education Vol.1 No.1

Motion-capture-based walking simulation of digital human adapted to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments for accessibility evaluation

Maruyama, Tsubasa,Kanai, Satoshi,Date, Hiroaki,Tada, Mitsunori Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2016 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.3 No.3

Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only "as-planned" situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with "as-is" environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study.

Void Formation Induced by the Divergence of the Diffusive Ionic Fluxes in Metal Oxides Under Chemical Potential Gradients

Maruyama, Toshio,Ueda, Mitsutoshi The Korean Ceramic Society 2010 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.47 No.1

When metal oxides are exposed to chemical potential gradients, ions are driven to diffusive mass transport. During this transport process, the divergence of ionic fluxes offers the formation/annihilation of oxides. Therefore, the divergence of ionic flux may play an important role in the void formation in oxides. Kinetic equations were derived for describing chemical potential distribution, ionic fluxes and their divergence in oxides. The divergence was found to be the measure of void formation. Defect chemistry in scales is directly related to the sign of divergence and gives an indication of the void formation behavior. The quantitative estimation on the void formation was successfully applied to a growing magnetite scale in high temperature oxidation of iron at 823 K.

Surface Phenomena of Molecular Clusters by Molecular Dynamics Method

Maruyama, Shigeo,Matsumoto, Sohei,Ogita, Akihiro Korean Society of Marine Engineers 1996 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Liquid droplets of water and argon surrounded by their vapor have been simulated by the milecular dynamics method. To explore the surface phenomena of clusters, each molecule is classified into 'liquid', 'surface', or 'vapor' with respect to the number of neighbor molecules. The contribution of a 'surface' molecule of the water cluster to the far infrared spectrum is almist the same as that of the 'liquid' molecule. Hence, the liquid-vapor interface is viewed as geometrically and temporally varying boundary of 'liquid' molecules with only a single layer of 'surface' molecules that might have different characteristics from the 'liquid' molecules. The time scale of the 'phase change' of each molecule is estimated for the argon cluster by observing the instantancous kinetic and potential energies of each molecule. To compare the feature of clusters with macroscopic droplets, the temperature dependence of the surface tension of the argon cluster is estimated.

Axion production from Landau quantization in the strong magnetic field of magnetars

Maruyama, Tomoyuki,Balantekin, A. Baha,Cheoun, Myung-Ki,Kajino, Toshitaka,Mathews, Grant J. Elsevier 2018 Physics letters: B Vol.779 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We utilize an exact quantum calculation to explore axion emission from electrons and protons in the presence of the strong magnetic field of magnetars. The axion is emitted via transitions between the Landau levels generated by the strong magnetic field. The luminosity of axions emitted by protons is shown to be much larger than that of electrons and becomes stronger with increasing matter density. Cooling by axion emission is shown to be much larger than neutrino cooling by the Urca processes. Consequently, axion emission in the crust may significantly contribute to the cooling of magnetars. In the high-density core, however, it may cause heating of the magnetar.</P>