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Effect of Shield Line on Noise Margin and Refresh Time of Planar DRAM Cell for Embedded Application
Junghwan Lee,Seongdo Jeon,장성근 한국전자통신연구원 2004 ETRI Journal Vol.26 No.6
In this paper we investigate the effect of a shield metal line inserted between adjacent bit lines on the refresh time and noise margin in a planar DRAM cell. The DRAM cell consists of an access transistor, which is biased to 2.5V during operation, and an NMOS capacitor having the capacitance of 10fF per unit cell and a cell size of 3.63 μm2. We designed a 1Mb DRAM with an open bit-line structure. It appears that the refresh time is increased from 4.5 ms to 12 ms when the shield metal line is inserted. Also, it appears that no failure occurs when Vcc is increased from 2.2 V to 3 V during a bump up test, while it fails at 2.8 V without a shield metal line. Raphael simulation reveals that the coupling noise between adjacent bit lines is reduced to 1/24 when a shield metal line is inserted, while total capacitance per bit line is increased only by 10%.
Lee, Lim-Kyu,Kim, Ju-Hyun,Kim, Mee-Young,Lee, Jeong-Uk,Yang, Seung-Min,Jeon, Hye-Joo,Lee, Won-Deok,Noh, Ji-Woong,Kwak, Taek-Yong,Jang, Sung-Ho,Lee, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Bokyung,Kim, Junghwan The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2014 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.26 No.5
<P> [Purpose] An understanding of pain is very important in the study of nanophysiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of endothelin-1 (ET-1)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pain, and suggest their applications in pain physiotherapy. [Method] This review focuses on the signal transduction of pain and its mechanisms. [Results] Our reviews show that mechanisms of ET-1- and MAPK-related pain exist. [Conclusions] In this review article, we carefully discuss the signal transduction in ET-1- and MAPK-related pain with reference to pain nanophysiotherapy from the perspective of nanoparticle-associated signal transduction.</P>
Printed cylindrical lens pair for application to the seam concealment in tiled displays
Lee, Seunghwan,Lee, Seungjae,Yoon, Hyungsoo,Lee, Chang-Kun,Yoo, Chanhyung,Park, Jongjang,Byun, Junghwan,Kim, Geonhee,Lee, Byeongmoon,Lee, Byoungho,Hong, Yongtaek The Optical Society 2018 Optics express Vol.26 No.2
Introducing paired electric dipole layers for efficient and reproducible perovskite solar cells
Lee, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Geunjin,Shin, Dongguen,Jeong, Song Yi,Lee, Jinho,Hong, Soonil,Choi, Jin Woo,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Kim, Heejoo,Yi, Yeonjin,Lee, Kwanghee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.11 No.7
<P>Elimination of charge trapping at defects is highly challenging for poly-crystalline organometal halide perovskites. Here, we report a new architecture for reinforcing the built-in electric field (<I>E</I>in) across the photoactive layer with a pair of strong electric dipole layers (EDLs). The paired EDLs significantly intensify the <I>E</I>in across the perovskite layer, resulting in suppressed charge trapping of photogenerated charges. As a result, our low-temperature processed P-I-N planar PeSC devices using the paired EDLs exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>max ∼ 19.4%) and a smaller device-to-device variation with a standard deviation (S.D.) of 0.70%, which far surpass those (<I>η</I>max ∼ 17.8%, S.D. ∼ 1.1%) of the devices with typical charge transport layers.</P>
Gastrocolocutaneous Fistula: An Unusual Case of Gastrostomy Tube Malfunction with Diarrhea
Junghwan Lee,Jinyoung Kim,Ha il Kim,Chung Ryul Oh,Sungim Choi,Soomin Noh,나희경,Hwoon-Yong Jung 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.2
A gastrocolocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). We report a case of agastrocolocutaneous fistula presenting with intractable diarrhea and gastrostomy tube malfunction. A 62-year-old woman with ahistory of multiple system atrophy was referred to us because of PEG tube malfunction. Twenty days prior to presentation, the patientstarted developing sudden diarrhea within minutes after starting PEG feeding. Fluoroscopy revealed that the balloon of the PEG tubewas located in the lumen of the transverse colon with the contrast material filling the colon. Subsequently, the PEG tube was removedand the opening of the gastric site was endoscopically closed using hemoclips. Clinicians should be aware of gastrocolocutaneousfistula as one of the complications of PEG insertion. Sudden onset of diarrhea, immediately after PEG feedings, might suggest thiscomplication, which can be effectively treated with endoscopic closure.
Isolation of Shared Resources for Mixed-Criticality AUTOSAR Applications
Junghwan Lee,Myungjun Kim 한국정보과학회 2022 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.16 No.3
Temporal isolation without consideration of spatial isolation has been attained for mixed-criticality systems, while the need for spatial isolation is urgently required in the automotive industry. Moreover, tasks with different criticality levels sharing the same resources are a common requirement for safety-critical automotive applications. Such tasks are more challenging to spatially isolate due to context sharing to access the same resources. Nevertheless, safety certification cannot be issued without addressing spatial isolation. This paper argues that traditional real-time locking solutions are unsuitable for mixed-criticality applications within the automotive open system architecture (AUTOSAR). We adopted the server task named resource server for spatial isolation within AUTOSAR limitations. We formalized a software component model for reducing design space and proposed the mapping algorithms. Properties of resource servers within AUTOSAR were formally analyzed for blocking delays, task priority assignment, and utilization analysis. Case studies in a powertrain domain of an electric vehicle were carried out to assess the proposed solutions.
A case of ulcerative colitis presenting with cerebral venous thrombosis
( Junghwan Lee ),( Sung Wook Hwang ),( Jinhee Lee ),( Kyung Hwa Jung ),( Ha Il Kim ),( Sang Hyoung Park ),( Dong-hoon Yang ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Jeong-sik Byeon ),( Seung-jae Myung ),( Suk-kyun Yang ) 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.2
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been reported to have an increased risk of thromboembolism. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but serious extraintestinal manifestation of IBD. Due to its highly variable manifestation and low incidence, CVT is not usually readily recognized by physicians. Herein, we report a case of a 35-year-old male presenting with CVT associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). The patient was admitted with chief complaints of bloody diarrhea that had started 3 days prior. Sigmoidoscopy showed hyperemic and edematous mucosa, friability, and shallow ulcers from the sigmoid colon to the rectum suggestive of IBD. Three days later, the patient started complaining of a headache, and gradually developed a decreased level of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed CVT with hemorrhagic infarctions. An angiogram was obtained to evaluate the extent of CVT, and anticoagulation therapy was initiated with intravenous heparin. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with UC and treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. After discharge, the patient was recovered without neurological deficit, and remission of UC was also obtained. The presence of headache or acute worsening of neurological status in a patient with IBD should alert the health professionals about the possibility of CVT. (Intest Res 2018;16:306-311)