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Isolation of an Rx homolog from C. annuum and the evolution of Rx genes in the Solanaceae family
Shi, Jinxia,Yeom, Seon-In,Kang, Won-Hee,Park, Min-Kyu,Choi, Do-Il,Kwon, Jin-Kyung,Han, Jung-Heon,Lee, Heung-Ryul,Kim, Byung-Dong,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.4
The well-conserved NBS domain of resistance (R) genes cloned from many plants allows the use of a PCR-based approach to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs). In this study, we isolated an RGA (CapRGC) from Capsicum annuum "CM334" using a PCR-based approach. This sequence encodes a protein with very high similarity to Rx genes, the Potato Virus X (PVX) R genes from potato. An evolutionary analysis of the CapRGC gene and its homologs retrieved by an extensive search of a Solanaceae database provided evidence that Rx-like genes (eight ESTs or genes that show very high similarity to Rx) appear to have diverged from R1 [an NBS-LRR R gene against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from potato]-like genes. Structural comparison of the NBS domains of all the homologs in Solanaceae revealed that one novel motif, 14, is specific to the Rx-like genes, and also indicated that several other novel motifs are characteristic of the R1-like genes. Our results suggest that Rx-like genes are ancient but conserved. Furthermore, the novel conserved motifs can provide a basis for biochemical structural. function analysis and be used for degenerate primer design for the isolation of Rx-like sequences in other plant species. Comparative mapping study revealed that the position of CapRGC is syntenic to the locations of Rx and its homolog genes in the potato and tomato, but cosegregation analysis showed that CapRGC may not be the R gene against PVX in pepper. Our results confirm previous observations that the specificity of R genes is not conserved, while the structure and function of R genes are conserved. It appears that CapRGC may function as a resistance gene to another pathogen, such as the nematode to which the structure of CapRGC is most similar.
The Early Experience of Laparoscopy-assisted Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer at a Low-volume Center
Shi Jun Yang,Eun Jung Ahn,Sei Hyeog Park,Jong Heung Kim,Jong-Min Park 대한위암학회 2010 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.10 No.4
Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) has become a technically feasible and safe procedure for early gastric cancer treat-ment. LAG is being increasingly performed in many centers; however, there have been few reports regarding LAG at low-volume centers. The aim of this study was to report our early experience with LAG in patients with gastric cancer at a low-volume center.Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic data and surgical outcomes of 39 patients who underwent LAG for gastric cancer be-tween April 2007 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The mean age was 68.3 years. Thirty-one patients had medical co-morbidities. The mean patient ASA score was 2.0. Among the 39 patients, 4 patients underwent total gastrectomy and 35 patients underwent distal gastrectomy. The mean blood loss was 145.4 ml and the mean operative time was 259.4 minutes. The mean time-to-first flatus, first oral intake, and the postoperative hospital stay was 2.8, 3.1, and 9.3 days, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Postoperative complications developed in 9 patients, as follows: anastomotic leakage, 1; wound infection, 1; gastric stasis, 2; postoperative ileus, 1; pneumonia, 1; cerebral infarction, 1; chronic renal failure, 1; and postoperative psychosis, 1. Conclusions: LAG is technically feasible and can be performed safely at a low-volume center, but an experienced surgical team and careful patient selection are necessary. Furthermore, for early mastery of the learning curve for LAG, surgeons need education and train-ing in addition to an accumulation of cases.
The Early Experience of Laparoscopy-assisted Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer at a Low-volume Center
Yang, Shi-Jun,Ahn, Eun-Jung,Park, Sei-Hyeog,Kim, Jong-Heung,Park, Jong-Min The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2010 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.10 No.4
Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) has become a technically feasible and safe procedure for early gastric cancer treatment. LAG is being increasingly performed in many centers; however, there have been few reports regarding LAG at low-volume centers. The aim of this study was to report our early experience with LAG in patients with gastric cancer at a low-volume center. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic data and surgical outcomes of 39 patients who underwent LAG for gastric cancer between April 2007 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age was 68.3 years. Thirty-one patients had medical co-morbidities. The mean patient ASA score was 2.0. Among the 39 patients, 4 patients underwent total gastrectomy and 35 patients underwent distal gastrectomy. The mean blood loss was 145.4 ml and the mean operative time was 259.4 minutes. The mean time-to-first flatus, first oral intake, and the postoperative hospital stay was 2.8, 3.1, and 9.3 days, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Postoperative complications developed in 9 patients, as follows: anastomotic leakage, 1; wound infection, 1; gastric stasis, 2; postoperative ileus, 1; pneumonia, 1; cerebral infarction, 1; chronic renal failure, 1; and postoperative psychosis, 1. Conclusions: LAG is technically feasible and can be performed safely at a low-volume center, but an experienced surgical team and careful patient selection are necessary. Furthermore, for early mastery of the learning curve for LAG, surgeons need education and training in addition to an accumulation of cases.
상용압연 형강을 이용한 콘크리트 합성거더의 다단계 긴장력 최적설계
신영석,정흥시,김영우,박재만,Shin Yung-Seok,Jung Heung-Shi,Kim Young-Woo,Park Jea-Man 한국전산구조공학회 2006 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.19 No.2
The 1st and 2nd tension forces of the PSSC(Prestressed Steel and Concrete) grider constructed with commercial rolling beams and concrete are optimally designed. The design variables are the 1st and 2nd tension forces due to multi-step prestressing and live load. The objective function is set to the maximum live load. Design conditions are allowable stresses at the top and bottom of slab, beam and infilled concrete due at the several construction stages. A Matlab based optimization program is developed. The results show that the tendon position as well as concrete compression strength have significant influence on the beam strength. 본 연구에서는 상용 압연형강과 콘크리트 합성거더인 PSSC(Prestressed Steel and Concrete) 거더의 1, 2차 긴장력과 활하중을 최적설계 하였다. 다단계 긴장에 따른 1, 2차 긴장력과 활하중을 설계변수로 삼았으며, 최종 활하중을 목적함수로 정하였다. 시공단계에 따른 강주형, 충전 콘크리트, 슬래브의 상연과 하연의 허용응력을 설계 조건으로 하였다. 설계 최적화는 상용 프로그램 Matlab의 최적화 모듈을 이용하여 수행되었다. 형고의 변화, 콘크리트 압축강도의 변화, 헌치 높이의 변화 등 다양한 조건에 빠른 최적 설계를 시도하였고, 연구 결과로부터 강선배치, 콘크리트 압측강도 등이 설계에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.