어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구(1) : 어린이 김치의 담금법 개발 Development of the Preparation of Kimchi for the Children

송영옥,전영수,권명자,빈성미,김은희,문정원,김명 부산대학교 가정대학 1995 家政大學硏究報告 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is reporting the results of first trial for the standardization of children's kimchi in terms of brining standardization, development for the recipe ad pannel test for the children's kimchi. In order to develop the standard recipe for children's kimchi, our research team have visited kimchi factories, temples and houses located in Pusan and Kyung-Sang Nam Do province. Three kinds of chinese cabbage kimchi (hamyang, haeundae, and jinrae kimchi named by region where we collected) which got the top three highest score in panel testing was selected. The original recipes of these kimchi were sightly modified to prepared the kimchi at laboratory. Among three of them, hamyang kimchi which contained dried anchovy power was selected as a model kimchi for development of the children's kimchi recipe. We find out that the optimal salt concentration of brined cabbage and kimchi for the children's kimchi (sliced style kimchi, approximately 2.5X3cm a piece) that showed the hightest pennel score were approximately 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The salt concentration of brined cabbage became 1.5, 1.43, and 1.60% after 60 min at 10% brining solution, 45 min at 12% and 30 min at 15%, respectively. The developed recipe used for the children's kimchi at our team is as follows. The major ingredients used for the preparation of kimchi is brined sliced chinese cabbage (salt concentration is 1.5%) 1kg galic 11g, ginger 5.0g, red pepper powder 20.0g, fermented anchovy juice 25.0g, fermented shrimp juice 5.0g dried anchovy and sea weed extracts 30.0g, anchovy power 2.4g glutinious rice gel 40.0g, starch syrup, 10.0g, and apple juice 22.5g. The total acceptability test of developed children's kimchi (test kimchi) was carried out with 84 of 6th grade student during lunch time at elementary school in Pusan where has a school lunch program. Sixty nine percent of student answered test kimchi is very good, 25% of them said it is fair, and only 6% of students answered they didn't like test kimchil. However, for the kimchi supplied from school at lunch, 52% students answered the kimchi is good, 26% of them said it is fair, and 22% of them said they don't like school supplied kimchi. This result tells us that the test kimchi is better than school supplied kimchi and the test kimchi can be developed further as a children's kimchi.

치과주조용 Ti-Zr-Cr계 합금에서 Cr 함량변화가 부식저항성에 미치는 영향

박영준,강후원,이용렬,송호준,김민강 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to develop new dental casting titanium (Ti) alloys having an excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance as a substitute for c.p Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy (control groups). Ti-20Cr, Ti-2OZr and Ti-20Zr-XCr (X=2, 5, 10, 15) alloys (experimental groups) were designed for dental casting Ti alloys. Prior to casting prccedure, mother alloys were prepared by using vacuum arc melting with skull melting method. Argon-arc melting and argon/vacuum-pressure casting machine were used for making the specimens. The hardness, microstructure, and corrosion resistance were evaluated by using Vickers microhardness measurement, FE-SEM, and anodic polarization test. The results were as follows: 1. The Vickers microhardness (Hv) of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy showed the values of 210 and 352, and Ti-20Cr and Ti-20Zr alloys showed the values of 341 and 259, respectively. As the Cr content increased from 0 to 15 % in Ti-20Zr-XCr (X=0, 2, 5, 10, 15) alloys, the Hv increased from 259 to 298, 457, 344, and 351, respectively. The microstructure of Ti-20Zr-XCr specimens showed significant difference by the concentration changes of Cr content showing acicular crystalline structure for Ti-20Zr-2Cr and Ti-20Zr-5Cr, and equiaxed crystalline structure for Ti-20Zr-10Cr and Ti-20Zr-15Cr. 2. Open-circuit potentials (E_(∝)) were rapidly decreased followed by steadiness as time elapse in all experimental groups except in Ti-20Z group. Ti-2OZr group showed an increase in E_(∝), from the first. 3. In potentiodynamic anodic polarization tests, all experimental groups showed more noble corrosion potential (E_(corr) than that of Ti-6Al-4V, and more basic E_(corr) than that of Ti. Especially, Ti-20Zr-10Cr alloy showed most favorable corrosion resistance among Ti-Zr-Cr alloys. 4. For Ti-20Zr-10Cr, Ti-20Zr-15Cr, and Ti-20Cr groups, which have more than 10% Cr content, the secondary corrosion potential shifted to noble direction in larger amounts than in the cases of control and other experimental groups. From these results, it was concluded that newly formulated Ti-20Zr-10Cr experimental alloy have adequate hardness and high corrosion resistance, and this alloy is promising candidate for a successful dental casting alloy.

양극산화와 열산화 처리로 형성된 티타늄 산화막의 표면 특성과 생체활성에 관한 연구

박영준,송호준,이용렬 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics of titanium oxide films formed by anodization and thermal oxidation techniques, and to investigate its effects on formation of calcium phosphate. As experimental specimen groups, naturally oxidized film (AS-R), thin anodic oxidation film (ANO-L), thick anodic oxidation film (ANO-H) treated up to dielectric breakdown voltage, and thermal oxidation films of TH-L and TH-H treated at 530℃ and 800℃ in the air, respectively, were prepared. Surface characterization was performed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to evaluate the micro-morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and binding structure of the oxide films. Bioactivity of specimen groups was investigated by evaluating the degree of calcium phosphate formation after immersing the samples in MEM for 7 days. The results were as follows: 1. Nanometer sized granular oxide particles were distributed on the surface of TH-L samples and sub-micrometer sized large crystallites were formed on TH-H samples. Irregularly shaped oxides were observed in ANO-L, and homogeneously porous oxide film having average pore size of about 0.5 ㎛ was formed in ANO-H. 2. Titanium oxide films having anatase crystalline structure were formed on ANO-L and TH-L sample surfaces. However, the preferred orientation crystal planes of ANO-L and TH-L were different to be (101) and (004) plane, respectively. Rutile crystalline structure was dominantly shown on TH-H sample, and anatase and rutile crystals were co-existed on ANO-H sample surfaces. 3. The amounts of hydroxyl group, which is related to the bioactivity of titanium implant, were higher in thermally treated specimen groups than in other groups. This result was analyzed to have close relation to the preferred orientation crystal plane and surface area of oxide films. The content of hydroxyl group increased as the density of surface titanium atoms increased, and that was least in specimen group having rutile and anatase crystalline structure in coexistence. 4. Immersion test in MEM showed that the capacity of calcium phosphate formation was dependent on total content of hydroxyl group and surface morphology of titanium oxides.

마이크로 팩토리 물류이송용 평면모터

이창우,송준엽,하태호,정영상 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

The micro factory of size is so small that consuming power is reduced and also manufacturing line could be easily reconfigurable. The micro factory is required automation to satisfy high productivity. It is one of the big problems to convey goods, In case of automated reconfigurable micro factory. Planar motor that can perform linear motion in XY direction is one of solution that solves this problem. But conventional planar motor using a magnetic force has a disadvantage that planar motor base is permanent magnet. In this paper we consider new type of a planar motor based on principle of ultrasonic waves using PZT.

상아질 결합제의 종류와 처리방법에 따른 전단결합강도와 상아질-레진 결합계면 미세구조에 관한 연구

임창하,이용렬,정영화,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin bonding agents (DBA) with the variations of the bonding system generations (4^th, 5^th and 6^th) and application methods by comparing the shear bond strengths (SBS) which were determined 24 h after application and dentin-adhesive interface microstructure. It was also aimed to suggest the theoretical clues for the adequate use of each bonding systems. The parameters were 1) generation of bonding systems (one product of 4^th, eight products of 5^th, and three products of 6^th generation), 2) moisture condition of the dentin surface after acid conditioning (moist group vs. dry group), 3) solvent type of the primers (three acetone-based, one acetone/ethanol-based, two water/ethanol-based, four water-based, one ethanol-based, one water/acetone-based), and 4) type of etchants (seven with phosphoric acid, three with self-etching primer, and one with 10-3 etchant). The results were as follows; One-bottle adhesives had comparable shear bond strengths compared to multiple component bonding agents, and some showed even higher results. Single Bond had the highest SBS value (20.6 ㎫) in the moist subgroup. For 4th and 5th generation DBAs, except for Mac Bond Ⅱ, all bonding systems showed lower SBS when dentin became desiccated after the conditioning-rinsing step, and generally shorter resin tags were produced in dry condition. Acetone-based adhesives generally showed better penetrability into dentinal tubules, and tended to be more sensitive to the degree of dentin dampness compared to those of the ethanol- or water-based adhesives. With Mac Bond Ⅱ which uses a self-etching primer, even though the hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of 1∼2 μ m, SBS was comparatively high. In the case of 6^th generation DBAs, Prompt L-Pop showed significantly lower SBS to dentin (7.4 ㎫) compared to those of AQ bond (13.3 ㎫) and One-Up Bond F (13.1 ㎫)(p<0.05). The hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of about 1μ m. In the case of AQ bond and One-Up Bond F, dentinal tubules were relatively well sealed. In the case of Prompt L-Pop, on the other hand, some of the dentinal tubules were not completely sealed, and fractured resin tags and separation between the hybrid layer and composite resin were observed. In the case of AQ bond, about 15μ m-thick resin layer was formed and many of the adhesive resin tags could not penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules. In the case of One-Up Bond F, many resin tags which are more than 50μ m-long were formed, but short penetration was also seen in some tubules. It is concluded that even though resin tag formation contributes in some extent for the bond strength, sufficient penetration of the adhesive resin to the exposed collagen meshwork and complete curing there in, and having sufficient strength to withstand the stress caused by the polymerization shrinkage during the light curing is essential for the success of the bonding procedure.

티타늄의 산화 조건에 따른 산화막의 특성 및 인산칼슘 생성에 미치는 영향

김인,양홍서,박연준,송호준,이용렬 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of micro morphology, roughness and crystalline structure of titanium surface after various oxidation treatments. Moreover, the effect of titanium surface oxide characteristics on the formation of calcium phosphate in Eagle's MEM. Commercially pure Ti disks were treated at various thermal conditions of 530℃ (Ti-530), 600℃(Ti-600), 700℃(Ti-700), 800℃(Ti-800), 900℃(Ti-900), and 1000℃(Ti-1000), respectively, and as received cp Ti (AS-R) and passivated cp Ti (PAS) were used as comparison groups. Surface characteristics were investigated using FE-SEM, profilometer and XRD. After immersing each sample in MEM for 7days, calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation was evaluated using FE-SEM and EDS. Crystallites of 10~30nm-size were observed on the surface of Ti-530 and Ti-600 samples. Needle-like crystals were formed on Ti-700 samples, and the crystal grain size was increased dramatically as the temperature increased higher than 800℃. The roughness of Ti-530 was higher comparing to AS-R and PAS, and the roughness decreased in the treatment range of 530-700 with dense crystalline oxide formation. However, at treatment temperatures higher than 800℃, the roughness increased and its degree was depended to the size of the crystals. The anatase structures were observed in Ti-530 and Ti-600, and anatase and rutile structures were co-existed in Ti-700 specimen. Only rutile TiO_(2) were observed in Ti-800, Ti-900 and Ti-1000 specimens. The Ca-P formation on AS-R and PAS specimens was low in MEM solution. However, the Ca-P formation was well observed on heat-treatedgroups, and its degree of formation and micro-morphology was different by the specimen groups. The crystalline and chemical structure, micro-morphology, and surface roughness of titanium were various by the conditions of heat treatments, and the grain size and crystal structure of titanium oxide affected on the degree of Ca-P formation on Ti samples in MEM solution

타타늄의 열처리 조건에 따른 동전위 양극분극특성 및 표면 미세구조 변화

주동현,이용렬,정영화,양홍서,박상원,이도재,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2002 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The corrosion resistance of metallic implants is essential for successful implant osseointegration. Moreover, the implant surface should have appropriate surface roughness for the attachment of the osteoblast and collagen fibrils. When titanium is exposed to air a thermodynamically very stable oxide film is formed at once. This oxide is very thin and yet it protects the metal from corrosion instantaneously. However, the oxide would not be ideal, and it would be supposed that the state of oxide film would be various by the different conditions when it is formed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical properties and surface microstructural changes of titanium after passivation treatment or exposure to high heat (in vacuum or in air). ASTM grade 2 commercially pure titanium (Ti) disks of 10㎜ diameter were wet ground and polished with 240 and 600 grit SiC, and then ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water and ethanol. Cleansed as-received samples (As-R group) were passivated with 30% nitric acid solution at 50℃ for 15 minutes to make the Pas group. The Std-V samples were made by treating the Ti disks in vacuum quartz tube (10^-8 Torr) at 530℃ for 40 min for stress relieving, followed by annealing at 700℃ for 90 min, and then slow cooling to room temperature. The Std-A samples undergo identical procedure as the Std-V group except that it is done in air. For 530℃-V samples, Ti disks were heated at 530℃ for 40 minutes and slow cooled to room temperature. The 1000℃-V samples were produced by heating Std-V specimens again at 1000℃ for 2 hr, followed by cooling to room temperature. 530℃-A and 1000℃-A samples were also prepared. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurement, SEM, AFM and XRD analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of the various treatments. The difference in the mean values of E_corr between groups showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05), but that of I_corr did not show significance (P>0.05). When Ti surface was passivated there was a shift of corrosion potential (E_corr) in the noble direction and a lower corrosion current density (I_corr) value. Std-A samples showed most noble E_corr value among the tested groups. 530℃-V samples showed more noble E-corr than other tested groups except Std-A group. 1000℃-V samples showed more noble E-corr than those of Std-V sample. In the case of Std-, 530℃- and 1000℃-groups, -A sub-groups showed better corrosion resistant characteristics than -V sub-groups in regard to E-corr and I_corr values. In the SEM observations, the surfaces of the As-R samples showed only scratch line on smooth surface. In Pas samples, thick oxide layer covered the surface under high magnification observation. 530℃-A samples were covered by oxide granules, and Std-A samples had 25~50 nm-thick acicular oxides. The 1000℃-A samples were covered by coarse oxide crystals with a granule diameter of 0.1~0.6 μm having a gross appearance of milky white color, which was identified by XRD as a rutile. On the other hand, 1000℃-V samples showed an Widmansta¨tten structrue of which the orientation of the lattice is formed along crystallographic planes of the parent crystals. On the AFM observation, 530℃-A samples showed RMS roughness of 79.38 nm which is 5 times rougher than those of the As-R samples. Std-A sample had a roughness of 330.47 nm which is about 20-times rougher than that of the As-R sample. 1000℃-A samples were covered by coarse granular oxides and the roughness were about 0.56 μm. Vacuum sub-group samples showed a more smooth surface than air sub-group samples, and the oxide film was more dense. Due to variability of the surface treatment and heat treatment conditions, the process of the oxide formation seems to be affected thereby making the corrosion properties and surface micro-morphology different. However, more various electrochemical analysis together with surface analysis, and an investigation for the effects of those on the osteoblast cell adhesion and calcium phosphate apposition are needed for the improvement of the osseointegration rates of the titanium implants.

Dosimetric evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-guided adaptive radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer by extent of re-contouring of organs-at-risk

Jun Yeong Song(Jun Yeong Song),Eui Kyu Chie(Eui Kyu Chie),Seong-Hee Kang(Seong-Hee Kang),Yeon-Jun Jeon(Yeon-Jun Jeon),Yoon-Ah Ko(Yoon-Ah Ko),Dong-Yun Kim(Dong-Yun Kim),Hyun-Cheol Kang(Hyun-Cheol Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2022 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: The safety of online contouring and planning for adaptive radiotherapy is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric difference of the organ-at-risk (OAR) according to the extent of contouring in stereotactic magnetic resonance image-guided adaptive RT (SMART) for pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the treatment plan data used for SMART in patients with pancreatic cancer. For the online contouring and planning, OARs within 2 cm from the planning target volume (PTV) in the craniocaudal direction were re-controlled daily at the attending physician's discretion. The entire OARs were re-contoured retrospectively for data analysis. We termed the two contouring methods the Rough OAR and the Full OAR, respectively. The proportion of dose constraint violation and other dosimetric parameters was analyzed. Results: Nineteen patients with 94 fractions of SMART were included in the analysis. The dose constraint was violated in 10.6% and 43.6% of the fractions in Rough OAR and Full OAR methods, respectively (p = 0.075). Patients with a large tumor, a short distance from gross tumor volume (GTV) to OAR, and a tumor in the body or tail were associated with more occult dose constraint violations—large tumor (p = 0.027), short distance from GTV to OAR (p = 0.061), tumor in body or tail (p = 0.054). No dose constraint violation occurred outside 2 cm from the PTV. Conclusion: More occult dose constraint violations can be found by the Full OAR method in patients with pancreatic cancer with some clinical factors in the online re-planning for SMART. Re-contouring all the OARs would be helpful to detect occult dose constraint violations in SMART planning. Since the dosimetric profile of SMART cannot be represented by a single fraction, patient selection for the Full OAR method should be weighted between the clinical usefulness and the time and workforce required.

Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection using a serologic survey in Korea

Yeong-Jun Song,Jeong-Sun Yang,Hee Jung Yoon,Hae-Sung Nam,Soon Young Lee,Hae-Kwan Cheong,Woo-Jung Park,Sung Han Park,Bo Youl Choi,Sung Soon Kim,Moran Ki 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

OBJECTIVES: The rates of asymptomatic infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus vary. A serologic study was conducted to determine the asymptomatic MERS infection rate in healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers by exposure status. METHODS: Study participants were selected from contacts of MERS patients based on a priority system in 4 regions strongly affected by the 2015 MERS outbreak. A sero-epidemiological survey was performed in 1,610 contacts (average duration from exposure to test, 4.8 months), and the collected sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunespecific assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and plaque reduction neutralization antibody test (PRNT). Among the 1,610 contacts, there were 7 ELISA-positive cases, of which 1 exhibited positive IFA and PRNT results. RESULTS: The asymptomatic infection rate was 0.060% (95% confidence interval, 0.002 to 0.346). The asymptomatic MERS case was a patient who had been hospitalized with patient zero on the same floor of the hospital at the same time. The case was quarantined at home for 2 weeks after discharge, and had underlying diseases, including hypertension, angina, and degenerative arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: The asymptomatic infection was acquired via healthcare-associated transmission. Thus, it is necessary to extend serologic studies to include inpatient contacts who have no symptoms.

TCP 혼잡제어 알고리즘 간의 성능 평가

송영준(Yeong-Jun Song),김건환(Geon-Hwan Kim),조유제(You-Ze Cho) 한국통신학회 2019 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.44 No.11