Methods for Measuring Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

Wu, Joseph--M The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 1997 한국연초학회지 Vol.19 No.2

An important and somewhat under-emphasized issue in assessing the risk potentially associated with exposure to ETS is the reliability and objectivity of the methods used to measure the actual level of exposure. Objectivity of the science is crucial in this context since this topic tends to elicit strong social, emotional and political responses among the general public and the scientific community alike. This mini-review compares the strengths and limitations of various methods used in determining ETS exposure in scientific investigations. Methods reviewed include: questionnaire, area monitoring, bio-monitoring, and personal monitoring. In particular, results of several recent studies (conducted in the United States, Europe, and the Far East) using personal monitors in combination with questionnaire and bio-monitoring, which contribute to a more reliable, objective and realistic estimates of a person's actual exposure to 575, are discussed.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating Residual Breast Tissue After Robotic-Assisted Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in Women With Early Breast Cancer

Wu Wen-Pei,Lai Hung-Wen,Liao Chiung-Ying,Lin Joseph,Huang Hsin-I,Chen Shou-Tung,Chou Chen-Te,Chen Dar-Ren 대한영상의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.7

Objective: Prospective studies on postoperative residual breast tissue (RBT) after robotic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (R-NSM) for breast cancer are limited. RBT presents an unknown risk of local recurrence or the development of new cancer after curative or risk-reducing mastectomies. This study investigated the technical feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate RBT after R-NSM in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, 105 patients, who underwent R-NSM for breast cancer at Changhua Christian Hospital between March 2017 and May 2022, were subjected to postoperative breast MRI to evaluate the presence and location of RBT. The postoperative MRI scans of 43 patients (age, 47.8 ± 8.5 years), with existing preoperative MRI scans, were evaluated for the presence and location of RBT. In total, 54 R-NSM procedures were performed. In parallel, we reviewed the literature on RBT after nipple-sparing mastectomy, considering its prevalence. Results: RBT was detected in 7 (13.0%) of the 54 mastectomies (6 of the 48 therapeutic mastectomies and 1 of the 6 prophylactic mastectomies). The most common location for RBT was behind the nipple-areolar complex (5 of 7 [71.4%]). Another RBT was found in the upper inner quadrant (2 of 7 [28.6%]). Among the six patients who underwent RBT after therapeutic mastectomies, one patient developed a local recurrence of the skin flap. The other five patients with RBT after therapeutic mastectomies remained disease-free. Conclusion: R-NSM, a surgical innovation, does not seem to increase the prevalence of RBT, and breast MRI showed feasibility as a noninvasive imaging tool for evaluating the presence and location of RBT.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Visceral Hyperalgesia, Serotonin and Fos Expression in an Animal Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

( Joseph Jy Sung ),( Justin Cy Wu ),( Eric Tc Ziea ),( Lixing Lao ),( Emma Fc Lam ),( Catherine Sm Chan ),( Angela Yq Liang ),( Sunny Lh Chu ),( David Tw Yew ),( Brian M. Berman ) 대한소화관운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.3

Dynamic response of a cracked rotor with an unbalance influenced breathing mechanism

Joseph Patrick Spagnol,Helen Wu,Keqin Xiao 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

The vast majority of studies on cracked rotors assume that the breathing response of a fatigue crack is weight-dominant i.e. the effect of dynamic forces on the breathing response is negligible. In this study, the assumption of weight-dominance is removed and the coupling effect of unbalance angle and magnitude on the breathing behaviour of a crack is examined. The proposed breathing model is shown to be greatly influenced by unbalance eccentricity and rotor speed, whereas weight-dominant breathing models are unaffected by these factors. A significant difference in the vibration behaviour of a weight-dominant model and the proposed model was particularly seen around the critical speed of deeply cracked rotors. High unbalance eccentricity and a 180° placement of the unbalanced mass resulted in the disappearance of 2X and/or 3X harmonic components at one-half and one-third of the rotor critical speed when the vibration was predicted using the proposed model. This result suggests careful placement and size of the unbalance mass may allow for the isolation of rotor cracks from other rotor faults in the frequency domain by negating the effects of the crack breathing.

Suspending Memory

Joseph Karadin(요셉 카라딘),Hsin-Yi Wu(신이 우) 현대건축사 2004 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.60

Navigating the Indo-Pacific: Vietnam’s Hedging Strategies Amid the Geopolitical Rivalry Between China and the United States

Xiangning Wu,Joseph Ching Velasco, 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2024 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.48 No.1

Vietnam has implemented hedging strategies in response to the geopolitical rivalry between China and the United States in the Indo-Pacific region. While the uncertainty from the dynamics of the Sino.US rivalry has been widely acknowledged, we examine how Vietnam’s hedging strategy is also calibrated toward ongoing domestic political developments. We argue that while the international environment determines the overall structure of Vietnam’s geopolitical hedging strategy, domestic factors, such as the success of Doi Moi, the interaction of party factions, and disagreements among public elites, influence the breadth of this strategy. Current global exigencies and internal domestic concerns require Hanoi to intelligently and delicately calibrate its interactions with great powers with little margin for error.

Inherently Flame Retardant Nylon 6 Nanocomposite Fibers

Hao Wu,Mourad Krifa,Joseph H. Koo 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.7

In this study, inherently flame retardant nanocomposite nylon 6 fibers infused with nanoclay and intumescent additives were compounded and melt-spun. Two approaches were adopted to mitigate the loss of mechanical properties typically observed nanocomposite fiber systems: (a) additive particle size reduction; and (b) elastomer toughening of the nanocomposite system. As a result, the ductility of the FR nanocomposite formulations was improved significantly. Structural and morphological characterization of the melt-spun fibers using TEM and XRD demonstrated good dispersion of the additives and exfoliation of the nanoclay platelets. Microscale Combustion Calorimetry analysis demonstrated effective reduction of heat release capacity and thus significant enhancement of flame retardant performance of the compounded fibers.

REVIEW : MicroRNA Dysregulations in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Pathophysiological and Clinical Perspectives

( William Kk Wu ),( Joseph Jy Sung ) 대한장연구학회 2012 Intestinal Research Vol.10 No.4

Two common gastrointestinal cancers, namely, gastric and colorectal cancers, cause high mortality and morbidity. The development of gastrointestinal cancers usually follows stepwise processes with recognizable pre-neoplastic changes. A class of noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA) is increasingly recognized to play pleiotropic functions in the multistep development of gastrointestinal cancers. Abnormal patterns of miRNA expression in gastric and colorectal cancers have been widely reported. These dysregulated miRNAs function as novel proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes by controlling cellular malignant phenotypes, including unchecked cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasiveness and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Moreover, certain polymorphisms in miRNA genes or miRNA-binding sites are associated with disease risks whereas detection of circulating or fecal miRNAs may facilitate early diagnosis. The prognostic functions of a number of dysregulated miRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers have also been established. Delineating the pathophysiological basis of miRNA dysregulation will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of these two potentially fatal diseases. Such efforts will also result in the development of miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics for the risk stratification, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. (Intest Res 2012;10:324-331)

Network-Coding-Assisted Data Dissemination via Cooperative Vehicle-to-Vehicle/-Infrastructure Communications

Liu, Kai,Ng, Joseph Kee-Yin,Wang, Junhua,Lee, Victor C. S.,Wu, Weiwei,Son, Sang Hyuk IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation sy Vol.17 No.6

<P>Vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure (referred to as V2X) communications have potential to revolutionize current road transportation systems with respect to vehicle safety, transportation efficiency, and travel experience. This paper puts the first effort on applying network coding in cooperative V2X communication environments to improve bandwidth efficiency and enhance data service performance. Specifically, we investigate new arising challenges on network-coding-assisted data dissemination by considering both communication constraints and application requirements in vehicular networks. We present the system model and give an insight into the characteristics of cooperative data dissemination with network coding. On this basis, we formulate the problem and propose a network-coding-assisted scheduling algorithm to enable the hybrid of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications and exploit their joint effects on providing efficient data services. We design a cache strategy that allows vehicles to retrieve their unrequested data items. This strategy not only increases the opportunity of data sharing among vehicles but also gives higher probability of packet decoding, which in turn enhances the data service performance. We give an intensive analysis on the scheduling overhead, which shows the scalability of the algorithm. Finally, we build the simulation model and conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed solution.</P>

Cervical screening among Chinese females in the era of HPV vaccination: a population-based survey on screening uptake and regular screening following an 18-year organized screening program

Horace CW Choi,Kathy Leung,Joseph T Wu 대한부인종양학회 2024 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.35 No.2

Objective: China has a substantial disease burden of cer vical cancer. To further understandpreventive measures for reducing cer vical cancer in China, this study aimed to correlatescreening attendance and regular screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinationamong Chinese females. Methods: This prospective questionnaire-based sur vey recruited Chinese females aged 25or above in Hong Kong by random digit dialing telephone inter views in 2022. The sur veystudied women’s practice of cer vical screening and adherence to regular screening. Variablesincluding HPV vaccination status and attendance of physical check-ups were involved inthe questionnaire. Screening uptake and screening adherence were the main outcomes,which were measured as the proportion of women who reported having attended a cer vicalscreening and screened regularly, respectively. Results: Out of 906 valid respondents, the reported cer vical screening uptake was over70% among females aged 30 or above and particularly over 80% among women aged 35–59;however, the uptake was only 46% among those aged 25–29. Adherence to regular screeningwas 50%–60% across ages 25–59 years and dropped to approximately 40% for women olderthan 60 years. Both screening uptake and adherence were associated with HPV vaccination,with adjusted odds ratios of 2.37 and 2.23, respectively. A large proportion of regularlyscreened women may be overscreened for screening more frequently than recommended. Conclusion: Responded Chinese females showed good cer vical screening uptake but weremoderately adherent to regular screening. Policymakers should emphasize the importance ofregular screening and the recommended screening frequency by HPV vaccination status forbetter healthcare resource use.