혼화재 종류별 온도 변화에 따른 시멘트 모르터의 응결 및 강도발현 특성

주은희,손명수,차천수,황인성,김성수,한천구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

In this paper, setting and strength development of cement mortar are discussed under various mineral admixture content and curing temperature. Setting time exhibited an increasing tendency with an increase in curing temperature. Under low curing temperature, use of CKD resulted in a reduction in setting retarding, whereas FA and BS retarded the setting time of cement mortar. For compressive strength, high curing temperature and age leaded to an increase in compressive strength of concrete. Under low curing temperature, the use of CKD resulted in an enhancement of compressive strength at early stage, and exhibited a similar level of compressive strength with plain concrete. For this reason, use of CKD in cold weather concreting has positive effect on strength development at low curing temperature under early age.

Kim,Seong-soo : Possiblity of Low Salting Process in Gae-Woo Jeot(Salted and Fermented Gastrophoda) and Changes in Fatty Acid Composition during Fermntation 低鹽化 可能性 檢討 및 熱成중 脂肪酸 組成의 變化

姜永周,河璡桓,金永東,宋大鎭,金洙賢,金成洙 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

To establish the way of processing of Gae-Woo jeot which used abalone intestine that has not been systematically used compare to its characteristic taste and fame as main ingredient and to develop as a local tourist good, the change of constituents the quality of salted fish products suring Gae-Woo jeot fermentation were examined. The results are as follows. 1. In the organoleptic test, Gae-Woo jeot which fermented through 65 days were dominant and the group of 105 salkt concentration were better than that of 20%. It was the best of 10% salted products to add small abalone. Both law salted(10%) and high salted (20%) Gae-Woo jeot were similar in general constityents, nutrients and texture. 2. Compositions of highly unsaturated acid were farely high to 45.6% and 46.1% in small abalone added froup and top sheel added group respectively. during 3 months fermentation low decreasing rate of 3~4% was shown. EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) was approximately 7~8% and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) was extremely low to be less than 0.3%. 3. In the changes General composition and pH, pH was within range of 4~5.5, 9~12% in protein, 3~5% in total sugar, 0.5~1% in lipid and approximately 1% in ash. 4. Gae-Woo jeot can be made with 10% low salting method, and 10% group gets all the better for taste, small abalone adding is recommended. 5. When low salt fermented fish of 10% is processed, it is highly recommended to put sorbitol, ethyl alcohol, lactic acid or other humectant for better taste and longer storage and good quality food additives must be developed for tourist and presently applied mil ordering transportation must be sought.

혼화재 종류별 온도 변화에 따른 콘크리트의 응결 및 강도발현 특성

주은희,손명수,차천수,한민철,김성수,한천구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

The objective the paper is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating mineral admixtures. For setting properties, at low curing temperature, setting time of concrete with mineral admixture is delayed compared with that of plain concrete. But, use of cement kiln dust(CKD) has a desirable effect on reducing setting retard under low curing temperature. For compressive strength, concrete with FA and BS have low strength at early stage compared with that of plain concrete under low curing temperature. However, the use of CKD resulted in an enhancement of compressive strength at early stage under low curing temperature, and exhibited a similar level of compressive strength with plain concrete. For this reason, use of CKD in cold weather concreting has positive effect on strength development at low curing temperature under early age.

대식세포의 Pro-inflammatory cytokine 생산에 대한 세포디짐의 효과

주성수,강희철,원태준,황광우,이도익 중앙대학교 약학연구소 2003 약학 논총 Vol.17 No.-

Cefodizime, a third cephalosporine, was originally developed for use in infectious disease as an advanced antibiotics. Cefodizime has also been known to play a meaningful role in activating natural killer properties of immune cells as well as enhancing immunological parameters such as phagocytosis. Furthermore, as the infection can result in remarkable changes for homeostatic mediators, it is expected that cefodizime may initiate the strong immuno- modualtory effect. In the present work, we investigated whether cefodizime has a biphasic effect of anti-bacteria and immunomodulation via macrophage. For the study, we isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages and treated with cefodizime 10㎍/㎖, 50㎍/㎖, 100㎍/㎖, IFN-v 10U/㎖.+LPS l㎍/㎖ Cells were then incubated for 4, 8, 12, and 24hrs to analysis the expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 mRNA from macrophages. The results showed that cytokines were expressed more than that of control in a time-dependent manner and 100㎍/㎖ cefodizime group showed the greatest expression as much as the positive control (IFN-v+LPS)showed at 24h. In conclusion, cefodizime can play a significant role for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 in earlier stage so that macrophages and other immune cells can response to the infectious substances, immediately. Moreover, when such pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased, we can also expect that the enhancement of cell-cell interaction of NK cell, CTL and B cell by cefodizime can affect the immunomodulatory effect along with its major role in anti-bacterial effect.

강진만 일차생산력의 계절변화

주현수,김성호,이우범 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

강진만 해역의 6개 조사정점을 대상으로 1998년 2월부터 1998년 10월까지 계절별로 이화학적 환경요인과 일차생산력을 측정하였다. 일차생산력은 NaH^14CO_3을 이용한 배양방법을 사용하였고, 조사결과 2.78㎎Cm^-3Hr^-1의 범위를 나타났으며, 계절별 일차생산력의 변화는 하계, 동계, 추계의 순으로 나타났다. 조사정점별로는 강진만의 상류수역에 해당되는 정점 1과 2에 비해 3,4,5 및 6의 조사결과가 크게 나타났다. Chlorophyll a의 분포는 평균 5.16~17.90㎎m^-3를 나타났으며 계절별로는 하계에, 정점별로는 정점4에서 높게 나타났다. 일차 생산력과 Chlorophyll a 의 분포, 수중광도와는 정상관을, 부유물질과는 역상관을 보였으며 강진만의 일차생산력의 변화는 상류수역인 탐진강으로부터 유입되는 담수에 의해 크게 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 생각된다. The primary productivity and physicochemical factors were surveyed seasonally in Gangjin bay from February to October in 1998. The determination of the primary productivity was performed in situ be isotope-method using NaH^14CO_3. The range of primary productivity was 2.78 ㎎C m^-3 hr^-1∼4.92 ㎎C m^-3hr^-1 according to seasons. The primary productivity showed the highest value in summer, followed by those of winter, autumn and spring. The primary productivities of station 1, 2 which are located the upper area, were lower than those of station 3, 4, 5 and 6. The correlations showed that the primary productivity correlated with chlorophyll a, underwater light intensity but reversely correlated with suspended solids. These results suggested that the primary productivity in Gangjin Bay was mainly influenced by the inflow of freshwater from Tamjin River.

포도알균 균혈증 환자에서 사망 예측 위험인자

문수연,이미숙,손준성,이희주,이상오 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.3

Background : Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe infection and frequently results in death or disability. We investigated potential risk factors influencing clinical outcome in S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). Materials and Methods : Our study is based on retrospective chart review for episodes of SAB from 168 patients, identified between January 2003 and December 2005. Twenty patients were excluded: 2 patients with infective endocarditis and 18 patients with metastatic lesions. Demographic, underlying diseases, sources of SAB, antimicrobial therapy, laboratory, and microbiologic characteristics were identified. Outcome was classified as death or survival 12 weeks after onset of SAB. Results : A total of 97 patients had survived and 51 patients died 12 weeks after the onset of SAB. Death group was older (66.4±13.6 vs. 59.4±14.9 years, P=0.007) and had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II system score (17.5±6.3 vs. 13.5±5.1, P<0.001) and the acute physiology score (11.1±5.5 vs. 8.0±4.3, P<0.001). Patients with nosocomial SAB (36 (70.6%) vs. 49 (50.5%), P=0.03] and ineradicable primary source of SAB (46 (90.2%) vs. 66 (68.0%), P=0.005] were more vulnerable to death. Multivariate analysis shows that hospital acquisition [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.93), ineradicable primary source (adjusted OR=5.74) and high APACHE II score (adjusted 0R=1.22) lead to higher mortality rate from SAB. Conclusion : Our study shows hospital acquisition, ineradicable primary source, and high APACHE II score are the risk factors related to death from SAB. On the other hand, methicillin resistance or initially ineffective antimicrobial therapy is not much correlated with mortality rate from SAB. 목적 : 황색포도알균은 중증 감염의 흔한 원인이며, 사망하거나 합병증이 발생하는 경우가 종종 있다. 본 연구를 통해 황색포도알균 균혈증 환자에서 임상적 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 위험인자를 확인해 보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 본 연구는 2003년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 3년간 168 명의 환자에서 발생한 황색포도알균 균혈증에 대해 후향적 의무기록 조사를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 성별, 나이, 기저 질환, 황색포도알균 균혈증의 원발 병소, 항생제 사용력과 미생물학적 특징에 대한 자료를 모았으며, 균혈증 발생 당시 질환의 중증도는 acute physiology score (APS)와 APACHE II 점수(acute physiology and conic health evaluation II system, APACHE II score)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과는 균혈증 발생 12 주 후 사망과 생존으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결과 : 황색포도알균 균혈증 발생 12 주 후 97명의 환자가 생존하였으며, 51명이 사망하였다. 사망 환자 군이 나이가 더 많았으며(66.4±13.6 vs. 59.5±14.9세, P=0.007), APACHE II 점수(17.5±6.3 vs. 13.5±5.1, P<0.001)와 APS (11.1±5.5 vs. 8.0±4.3, P<0.001)가 높았다. 병원 내 감염에 의한 황색포도알균 균혈증 환자[36 (70.62%) vs. 49 (50.5%), P=0.030]와 제거 불가능한 원발 병소를 지닌 경우[46 (90.2%) vs. 66 (68.0%), P=0.005] 사망위험성 이 높았다. 다 변량 분석에 의하면 병원 내 감염[adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.93]과 제거 불가능한 원발 병소(adjusted OR=5.74), 높은 APACHE II 점수(adjusted 0R=1.22)에 의해 황색포도알균에 의한 사망률이 증가하였다 결론 : 본 연구에서 병원 내 감염과 제거 불가능한 원발 병소, 높은 APACHEH 점수가 황색포도알균 균혈증에 의한 사망과 관련된 위험인자이다. 반면, 메티실린 내성과 초기 부적절한 항생제 사용은 황색포도알균 균혈증의 사망률과 연관성이 없었다.

섬진강 수계의 곡성군 어류상

김성호,윤창호,주현수 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

섬진강 중류의 전남 곡성군 수계의 담수어류상과 서식현황을 2001년 3월부터 10월까지 조사한 결과,총 5과 22속 30종 1,786개체가 채집되었다. 출현한 어류는 26종이 잉어과 어류에 해당되었고, Rhinogobius brunneus의 1종만이 이차담수어에 해당되었다. 하천 전체에서 zacco platypus(우점도 24.2%)가 우점종으로 확인되었고, 아우점종은 Pungtungia herzi (10.7%)로 나타났다. 한국 고유종은 Rhodeus uyekii등 11종으로 전체 어류에 대하여 36.7%를 차지하여 비교적 높은 고유도를 나타냈다. 다양도 지수에 의하여 곡성군 섬진강 수계의 하천 수질오염을 판정한 결과,전체적으로 β-중부수성 수질상태 (다양도 2.70)를 나타냈으나, St.2와 St.3을 제외한 조사지역에서는 β-중부수성으로부터 중부수성까지의 하천수질상태를 나타냈다. The fauna of freshwater fish and the structure of fish community were investigated from March to October in 2001 at six stations in the middle reach of the Seomjin River, Gokseong-gun. The collected fishes (1,786 individuals) were identified into 30 species of 22 genera belonging to 5 families. Of them, cyprinid fish occupied 26 species, only one species (Rhinogobius brunneus) was secondary freshwater fish. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (dominance index: 24.2%) and subdominant species was Pungtungia herizi (10.7%). The endemic species of Korea were 11 species including Rhodeus uyekii (36.7%) about the ichthyofauna. In estimation of water quality by diversity indices, the general conditions of water quality of all survey times and all stations were relatively fine (β-mesosaprobic, diversity index: 2.70). But four survey sites except St. 2 and St. 3 showed severe water pollution with one or more times in total survey periods.

比較憲法에 관한 硏究 : 民主主義國家의 憲法과 共産主義國家의 憲法을 中心으로

金水暎,黃革周,權光植,吳再煥,崔聖俊,金益鉉,金永休,王任東 朝鮮大學校 法政大學 1977 法政大論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This paper aims to make clear the fundamental differences between the constitutions of two political systems, constitutional democracy and communism. (1) Fundamental Human Rights The recognition and the protection of fundamental liberties are the essences of the political system of constitutional democacy. The reality of individual liberties is the only reliable criterion that differentiates the two political systems, since the institutional apparatus of both government, assemblies, elections, parties, bureaucracies have become stereotyped to the point of identity. Recognition or nonrecognition of fundemental guaranties are closely related to the ideological telos of either system. In the constitutional democracy they crystallize the supreme values of human self-realization and dignity. In the communist states they are denied legitimacy not only because they may function as foci of opposition against monolithic power but also because they could obstruct the ideology of economic planning under collectivism. The idelolgical foundation and functional purpose of classical fundamentalism underwent a fa -reaching transformation in the Marxian society. The Russian Revolution preaches and practices the primacy of the collectivity over the individual. Instesd of being "inalienable" interpreted as obligations of the state toward the laboring masses. The attitude of Marxism in the U.S.S.R. and the so-called "People's Democracies" toward fundamental liberties is altogether different. All constitutions in the Soviet orbit contain elaborate statements on fundamental rights of the citizens, characteristically coupled with provisions concerning their duties toword the state and the community. Civil liberties in the classical sense, which the constitution of communist states merely summarizes, are overshadowed by the new social and economic rights. The guaranty of the civil rights proper is hedged in by the rubber clause that they are guaranteed " in conformity with the interests of the working class" and "in order to strenghthen the socialist system". Especially political rights of the suffrage are converted into compulsory mass participation in the political process directed by the party hierarchy. And its single party (communist party)was the straight negation of all political liberty. (2) Patterns of Governament In the modern democratic-constitutional state the essence of the power process consists in the attempt to establish an equilibrium between the various competitive plural forces within in state society, with due regard to the free unfolding of the human personality. In communist state, social control and political power are monopolized by a single power holder, subordinating the individual to the ideological requirements of the group domination the state. The basic difference between the two political systema conists in whether, in the various stages of the governmental process, political power, is distributed among and shared by several independent power holders or whether political power is concentrated in and monoploized by a single power holder, be it an individual person, and assembly, or a party. Assembly government system revived in the Stalin constitution of 1936 in the U.S.S.R. from where it spread, after the Second World War, to all satellite states, as well as East Germany, Red China, North Korea. No communist state fails to conform to this standard pattern. Assembly government, by its own biological laws. easily transforms itself into a regime in which a single power holder exercises the monopoly of political power. This may well be the intrinsic reason for the communist preference. By necessity the communist state is a plice state. Another indispensable instrument of social control is the single party. The governmental techniques of a communist regime are necessarily authoritarian. But the regime does much more than exclude the power addressees from their legitimate share in the formation of the will of the state. It attempts to mold the private life, the soul, the spirit and the mores of the citizens to a dominant ideology that the various instrumentalities of the power process force on the non-conformists.

DDC,MEA,WR-2721의 放射線 防護效果에 關한 硏究

柳星烈,陳秀一,鄭鉉佑,鄭引溶,高柱煥,고경환 대한방사선 방어학회 1986 방사선방어학회지 Vol.11 No.2

放射線障害 豫防藥劑의 人體適用은 副作用으로 臨床的 利用이 되지 못한 實情으로서 生理學的 및 藥理學的 毒性, 物理學的 諸性質, 藥劑의 作用機轉究明 및 臨床的 技術開發이 未洽하여 放射線 障害者에 對한 治療는 對症療法에 不過한 實情이다. 著者들은 放射線에 依한 人體障害豫防에 必要한 基礎資料를 얻기 위하여 現在까지 比較的 毒性이 적고 化學的으로 安定하며 藥效가 優秀하다고 알려진 DDC, MEA, WR-2721을 選定하여 實驗動物 非近交系 Swiss Webster(NIH-GP)마우스에 利用한 放射線 防護作用에 關한 實驗結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 各種 放射線 防護劑(DDC, MEA, WR-2721)의 마우스에 대한 適定 投與量은 各各 DDC; 1,000, MEA; 200, WR-2721; 400mg/kg이었다. 2) 實驗動物에 放射線 反致死線量 LD50/10에 對한 藥劑의 防護效果을SMS DDC;1.2, MEA; 1.4, WR-2721; 1.9이었고 LD50/30에 對 한 DMF는 DDC; 1.7, MEA; 1.8, WR-2721; 2.5이었다. 3) 空腹 小?腺(Jejunum crypt)의 放射線平均致死線量(Do)에 對한 防護效果 DMF는 DCC; 1.07, MEA; 1.21, WR-2721; 1.76이었고, 小?腺細胞의 致死線 平均致死線量에 對한 DMF는 DDC; 1.04, MEA; 1.08, WR-2721; 1.38이었다. 4) 以上으로 上記 3種의 放射線 防護劑中 WR-2721의 放射線 防護效果가 가장 優秀하였고 이 結果는 向後 臨床的 適用에 關한 硏究의 基礎資料가 될 것으로 思料된다. At present, the treatments of the radiation-induced diseases are only performing by the palliative treatment technique. Moreover, radiation protective agents are a little toxic for human being and this seriously limits their applicability with various complications in clinical uses. Accordingly, as a part of the aim of gain of the basic data for protective roles of some radioprotectors, the present investingation was carried out to evaluate the comparative radioprotective effects by the administration of DDC, MEA, WR-2721. Results are shown for statistically significant analysis and correlation with each group as follows; 1. The proper doses of the radioprotectors were DDC; 1,550mg/kg, MEA; 450mg/kg, WR-2721; 780mg/kg of the mouse body weight. 2. DMF(Dose modification factor) of LD50/10 and LD50/30 for whole body irradiation was DDC; 1.2, MEA; 1.4, WR-2721; 1.9 and DDC; 1.7, MEA; 1.8 and WR-2721; 2.5 respectively. 3. DMF for radiation reaction of jejunal crypt was DDC; 1.07, MEA; 1.21 and WR-2721; 1.76 and that of jejunal crypt cell was DDC; 1.04, MEA; 1.08 and WR-2721; 1.38 respectively. 4. Conclusively, WR-2721 was the most effective drung among the three radioprotectors and this result must be a supportive data for further study for clinical application.

韓國 信用割富의 巨視經濟效果에 대한 計量分析

최성철,주수현 釜山 外國語 大學校 1997 外大論叢 Vol.16 No.1

The interest rate is the adjustment mechanism in loan markets. An equilibrium has seldom acquired in loan markets because of characteristics of loan markets such as default risk, borrower classification, customer relationships, and imperfect imformation. Credit rationing can be defined as a situation in which there exists an excess demand for loans because quoted loan interest rates are below the Walrasian market clearing level. Generally, firms which request loans for the investment act as promary borrowers in loan markets. The availability of credit affects the amount of investment. So, credit rationing affects macroeconomic varibles through the investment of firms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the macroeconomic effects of credit rationing. For this prupose, we have examined the effects of credit rationing on real GNP, price level, interest rate of private bonds, and investment. We have tried stationarity of variables with unit root test and cointegration test. Then, we have applied vector error correction medel to variables which have stationary relation.