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Cyclic AMP concentrations in dendritic cells induce and regulate Th2 immunity and allergic asthma
Lee, Jihyung,Kim, Tae Hoon,Murray, Fiona,Li, Xiangli,Choi, Sara S.,Broide, David H.,Corr, Maripat,Lee, Jongdae,Webster, Nicholas J. G.,Insel, Paul A.,Raz, Eyal National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.5
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Allergic asthma is characterized by Th2 type inflammation, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which DC promote Th2 differentiation remain unclear. Herein we demonstrate that low cAMP levels in DC induce Th2-biased responses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mice with conditional deletion of <I>Gnas</I> in DC (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice) develop spontaneous bronchial asthma that shares multiple similarities with human asthma. In contrast, increasing cAMP levels inhibit these responses. Thus, regulators of cAMP levels in DC such as G-protein-coupled receptors are non-pattern recognition receptors that play a significant role in CD4 T cell differentiation.</P><P>The inductive role of dendritic cells (DC) in Th2 differentiation has not been fully defined. We addressed this gap in knowledge by focusing on signaling events mediated by the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins Gαs, and Gαi, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclases and the synthesis of cAMP. We show here that deletion of <I>Gnas</I>, the gene that encodes Gαs in mouse CD11c<SUP>+</SUP> cells (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice), and the accompanying decrease in cAMP provoke Th2 polarization and yields a prominent allergic phenotype, whereas increases in cAMP inhibit these responses. The effects of cAMP on DC can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are mediated via PKA. Certain gene products made by <I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> DC affect the Th2 bias. These findings imply that G protein-coupled receptors, the physiological regulators of Gαs and Gαi activation and cAMP formation, act via PKA to regulate Th bias in DC and in turn, Th2-mediated immunopathologies.</P>
Preparation of Boronated Heterocyclic Compounds Using Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction
Lee, Chai-Ho,Jin, Guofan,Kim, Hyo-Suk,Nakamura, Hiroyuki,Chung, Yong-Seog,Lee, Jongdae Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.2
A method for synthesizing o-carborane substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines containing a polar functional group such as sulfamide, sulfonic, or phosphoric acid on the nitrogen atom of the piperidine ring, starting from arylethylamine, N-(2-arylethyl)sulfamide, N-(2-arylethyl)sulfamic acid or 2-arylethylamidophosphate, is described. In vitro studies showed the desired compounds 10, 15, 19, and 25 synthesized accumulate to high levels in B-16 melanoma cells with low cytotoxicity.
Code Generation and Optimization for the Flow-based Network Processor based on LLVM
( Sanghee Lee ),( Hokyoon Lee ),( Seon Wook Kim ),( Hwanjo Heo ),( Jongdae Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.19 No.2
A network processor (NP) is an application-specific instruction-set processor for fast and efficient packet processing. There are many issues in compiler’s code generation and optimization due to NP’s hardware constraints and special hardware support. In this paper, we describe in detail how to resolve the issues. Our compiler was developed on LLVM 3.0 and the NP target was our in-house network processor which consists of 32 64-bit RISC processors and supports multi-context with special hardware structures. Our compiler incurs only 9.36% code size overhead over hand-written code while satisfying QoS, and the generated code was tested on a real packet processing hardware, called S20 for code verification and performance evaluation.
손종대(Jongdae Son),김중회(Jung-hoe Kim),이재윤(Jae-yun Lee),김태완(Taewan Kim),윤수희(Soohee Yoon),이용환(Yonghwan Lee),곽근녕(Geunnyeong Kwak),정순배(Soonbae chung) 한국추진공학회 2010 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
추진시스템 전자 제어장치는 추진시스템 내부의 각종 센서신호를 입력 받아 신호처리를 통해 제어알고리즘을 수행하는 장치이다. 기존의 아날로그 센서를 이용한 시스템에서는 센서와 전자제어장치의 전송에 의한 영향으로 신호감쇄가 일어나고 노이즈에 민감한 단점이 있었다. 디지털센서는 센서와 AMP, AD Converter가 하나의 모듈 안에 포함되어 있어 전송선에 의한 영향을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 전자제어장치에서 별도의 S/W 필터를 적용할 필요가 없어 제어 알고리즘의 수행시간을 단축시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털센서를 사용한 전자제어장치의 회로설계 및 제어알고리즘 적용에 따른 신호처리 방안에 대한 내용을 기술하였다. Electronic control units for propulsion systems are devices which compute control algorithm by processing the systems" internal sensor signals. Due to the effect of transmission between sensors and a control unit, previous analog systems have drawbacks of signal attenuation and susceptibility to noises. However, a digital sensor can be less influenced by the electrical cable line as it includes sensor, AMP, and AD converter in one module. In addition, it can reduce the process time for control algorithm because extra S/W filtering process is not needed. The current study shows how to process signals for an electronic control unit using digital sensors.