Protective Effects of Urushiol-free Rhus verniciflua Sap Extract on Acute Alcohol-induced Hangover in Sprague Dawley Rats

Johny Bajgai,Eun-Sook Jeong,Ailyn Fadriquela,Dong-Heui Kim,Cheol-Su Kim,Soo-Ki Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2019 한국물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Alcohol-induced hangover and liver diseases are considered as a cause of serious health morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden worldwide. In recent years, many researchers explored abundant numbers of natural products related with hepatoprotective effect against oxidative damage. In this study we investigated the protective effects of urushiol-free enzyme-treated lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua sap) extract (ELTE) on alcohol-induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; negative control without treatment (NeC), positive control group (PC) treated with anti-hangover drink (Condition), and experimental group orally treated with urushiol-free ELTE. Experimental materials were administered to each SD rat accordingly 25 mg/kg for 5 d via gavage. At 5th day after treatment of experimental materials, each group received a dose of ethanol (4 g/kg body weight) and blood serum sample was assessed after 1 h and 5 h to investigate immune-redox and hangover markers. Our results showed blood lymphocytes levels were significantly lower in ELTE group than NeC group. Likewise, ROS generation was significantly reduced in ELTE group as compared to all other groups. In line, alcohol concentration in blood was significantly reduced in PC and ELTE groups as compared with NeC group. Collectively, our results suggest that urushiol-free ELTE might be an excellent potential candidate against acute alcohol-induced hangover relief and liver protection.

Effect of Hydrogen Water Drinking on Dementia Patient through Mechanism of Oxidative Stress and Immune Redox Balance

Johny Bajgai,Jeong Eunsook,Cheol Su Kim,Ailyn Fadriquela,Dong-Heui Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2019 한국물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Hydrogen water (HW) which is produced by electrolysis of water has characteristics of extremely low oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value and high dissolved hydrogen (DH). It has been proved to have various beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, HW effect on dementia that is associated with cognitive impairment and memory loss, is poorly documented. In the present study, we investigated the drinking effects of hydrogen water on dementia patient for prevention through oxidative stress and immuno redox mechanism. Dementia patients were administered with HW and purified water (PW) for 6 months. Further, we evaluated hydrogen water effect on the cognitive impairment by checking the serum concentration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers [Amyloid β (Aβ) 40, Aβ 42 and tau], inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4, Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and IL-5, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels. We found that HW treatment significantly decreased the serum level of Aβ 40 after 6 mon of treatment. In parallel, inflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited in experimental group compared to control group. In line, Th1/Th2 cytokines were significantly decreased in HW than PW group. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers such as ROS and nitric oxide level were decreased in HW treated group than PW control group. Overall our clinical results strongly recommended that drinking hydrogen water might be a promising preventative approach for age-related neurodegenerative disease like dementia and have an enormous impact on future healthcare for the elderly patients. This might be the first note on the clinical application of drinking HW on the serum of dementia patients.

High Mineral Spring Water Promotes Skin Injury Healing in Hairless Mice

Johny Bajgai,Kyu Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Wounds are common prevalent clinical problem found in day to day life. Although numerous studies have been conducted in this field but only few studies address about the mineral effect on wound healing process. To explore the therapeutic effect of the high mineral spring water (HMW) on the wound healing process, we carried out an animal injury model for that female SKH-1 mice were divided into five groups: normal control (NC, n=10), untreated control (NT, n=10), 100 % Pure HMW (PHMW, n=10) group, 10% HMW experimental (DHMW, n=10) and two round wounds (approximately 5 mm in diameter) total of 6 round wounds were punched into each side of the superior region of the posterior extremity by biopsy puncher to each mouse. We found that HMW spraying led to an enhanced healing speed compared to untreated control group. Reactive oxygen species was suppressed in both PHMW and DHMW group compared to NT group. Collectively, our results provide the evidence that HMW might be beneficial for the treatment of skin wound injury.

Application of New Concept Disinfectant, Huureka®, On Livestock Farming

Johny Bajgai,Cheol-Su Kim,Md. Habibur Rahman,Ailyn Fadriquela,Trinh Thi Thuy,Soon-Bong Song,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2020 한국물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) water was initially developed in Japan in 1987 and its antimicrobial property was reported in 1992. HOCl water is used globally to improve public health and recently started to use in agriculture. It is generated through a process called electrolysis. General property of HOCl water is low in pH, a high oxidation-reduction potential, high available chlorine concentration and high dissolved oxygen. The property of HOCl water depends on the parameters such as concentration of the ingredient NaCl and HCl, voltage, and electrolyte flow rate used in the electrolysis process. Recently, mixing type of HOCl generation without electrolysis, hydrogen-mineral HOCl (HM-HOCl), was developed and started to be used in agriculture due to several advantages such as easy production of high-concentration and high-capacity HOCl, long-lasting HOCl concentration, low level of harmful material and easy handling. Several experiments revealed that HM-HOCl is more available than electrolyzed HOCl to apply to various fields such as organic farming without pesticide, aquaculture and fish farming, and livestock breeding. It is very useful for decreasing stink in cattle shed, preventing viral disease of fishes, and decreasing mortality rate and increasing growth rate of broiler chickens by drinking the high concentration HOCl water (free active chlorine 50 ppm). The results of HM-HOCl usage was satisfied by farmers and governmental institutions of Korea. Therefore, we would like to introduce HM-HOCl, a new concept of disinfectant, and expand its usage in sustainable development in agriculture and rural environment.

Redox Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in C57BL/6 Mouse Model with Trimethyltin-induced Cognitive Dysfunction

Johny Bajgai,Md. Habibur Rahman,Ailyn Fadriquela,Subham Sharma,Dong-Heui Kim,Seong-Hoon Goh,In-Soo You,Yun-Su Na,Nam-Kyu Kong,Soo-Ki Kim,Cheol-Su Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2020 한국물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Various neurodegenerative diseases including dementia and cognitive dysfunction pathogenesis are caused due to oxidative stress. Several studies have proved that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic and preventive anti-oxidant, however, H2 effect on dementia is poorly documented. In the present study, we investigated the effects of H2 inhalation on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory dysfunction in the C57BL/6 mice. For this, mice were intraperitoneally injected a single dosage of TMT 2.6 mg/kg body weight. The subjects were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control without TMT induction, TMT only as a negative control (TMT injection + saline administration), positive control group [TMT injection + lithium chloride (50 mg/kg body weight) injection], H2-2wk group [TMT injection + H2 gas inhalation (once a day for 30 min for 2 weeks) and H2-4wk group [TMT injection + H2 gas inhalation (once a day for 30 min for 4 weeks). As a result, TMT-exposed mice showed symptoms such as tremor, seizure and aggressive behavior. Meanwhile, H2-treated groups after TMT treatment showed significantly increased spatial cognition abilities in the Y-maze test. Likewise, the level of the oxidative stress markers such as ROS, NO and MDA were found to be decreased in H2-2wk and H2-4wk groups as compared to the TMT only group in both serum and brain lysate, coherently, antioxidant enzymatic activities were increased in H2-2wk and H2-4wk groups compared to TMT only group. Moreover, H2 showed prevention effect of neuronal apoptosis through the suppression of apoptotic signaling molecules such as BAX, and cleaved caspase-7. Overall, H2 inhalation exhibited memory enhancing activity and decreased the oxidative stress markers and suppressed apoptotic signaling molecules on TMT-inducd mice. Therefore, H2 might be one of candidates for repairing dementia and neuro-degenerative diseases which shows symptoms such as dysfunction of learning, memory and cognition. However further studies are needed to clarify this notion.

Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance

Johny Bajgai,Ailyn Fadriquela,Jesmin Ara,Rahima Begum,Md Faruk Ahmed,Cheol-Su Kim,Soo-Ki Kim,Kwang-Yong Shim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher’s interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1 , IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- β α were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance.

The Drinking Effect of Hydrogen Rich Alkaline Water produced by Alkastone on Reactive Oxygen Species

Johny Bajgai,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Hydrogen has been reported to relieve damage in many disease models, and is a potential additive in drinking water to provide protective effects for patients as several clinical studies revealed. Studies have demonstrated that hydrogen-dissolved water exhibits ROS-scavenging activity. In this report, we investigate the intracellular ROS scavenging and antioxidant activity of hydrogen rich alkaline water. In this study, we used hydrogen rich alkaline water (HAW) which was generated by reaction with tap water using disposable alkaline hydrogen water generator (Dr. ALKASTONE, COSTEC ECOSOO Ltd., Korea) containing natural mineral stone balls for 30 min with 20 adults. The intracellular ROS scavenging and antioxidant activity of HAW was tested by FORD test and the 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay before and after 5 min of drinking HAW (Experimental) and tap water (Control) drinking group. Our results confirm that, HAW suppresses the intracellular ROS level significantly than control group. In line, drinking HAW detect radical-scavenging activity significantly in experimental group than control group. Overall, our clinical results strongly recommended that drinking hydrogen rich alkaline water might have some promising protective effect related to oxidative stress related diseases and have an enormous impact on future healthcare system.

The drinking effects of hydrogen water on alzheimer’s patient through oxidative stress and immune redox balance mechanism

Johny Bajgai,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Hydrogen water (HW) produced by electrolysis of water has characteristics of extremely low oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value and high dissolved hydrogen (DH). It has been proved to have various beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, HW effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), type of dementia that is associated with cognitive impairment and memory loss, is poorly documented. In the present study, we investigated the drinking effects of hydrogen water on alzheimer’s patient for prevention of AD through oxidative stress and immuno redox mechanism. Alzheimer’s patients were administered with HW and purified water (PW) for 6 months. Further, we evaluated the drinking effect of hydrogen water on the cognitive impairment of AD patients by checking the serum concentration of AD biomarkers (Amyloid ; (A ) 40, 42 and tau), pro-β β inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-13), anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10), macrophage activated Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5,) cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) level. We found that HW treatment significantly decrease the serum level of AD biomarker (Aβ- 40) during 6 month of treatment. In parallel, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited in experimental group than control group. In line, macrophage activated TH1 cytokine, Th2 cytokines and ROS level were significantly decreased in HW than PW group. Likewise, HW treatment shows reduction in nitric oxide level than control group. Overall our clinical results strongly recommended that drinking hydrogen water might be a promising preventative approach for age-related neurodegenerative disease like AD and have an enormous impact on future healthcare for the elderly patients. This is the first note on the clinical application of drinking HW on the serum of AD patients.

Anti-oxidative property of functional water extends life span

Johny Bajgai 한국물학회 2021 한국물학회지 Vol.9 No.1

In aging process, oxidative stress has been postulated to play a vital role. Basically, oxidative damage contributes to the hall markers of aging. Nonetheless, recent report has reported that drinking water plays a vital role especially in terms of age preventing agent. Recently, studies on functional water such as mineral rich spring water, alkaline reduced water, hydrogen rich water has gained attention due to its response to health-promoting and disease preventing aspect through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous conducted clinical studies have reported that bathing on antioxidant rich spring water suppressed the free radicals such as reactive oxygen species in human blood. Other previous conducted studies on consumption of functional water on human has suggest that it has capacity to maintain a healthy physiological state, improved recovery from exhaustive physical fatigue and elimination of reactive oxygen species which induces oxidative damage. Therefore, in this presentation we will summarize the role of functional water as an antioxidative agent and its role for decreasing the aging process. Besides, we will also summarize the previous conducted studies on administration and consumption of these functional waters and its mechanistic role in longeitivity.

Intestinal Parasitic Infestation and Sanitation-Related Factors among School Children in Rural Indonesia

Johny Bajgai,Ma. Easter Joy V. Sajo,Ailyn Fadriquela,Jong Hun Lee,Jongchan Yi,Soung Hyun Nam,Soo Hong Noh,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2015 한국물학회지 Vol.4 No.1