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Liver-Directed CCRT for Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
( Jinsil Seong ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
According to the staging system of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), advanced stage involves a group of diseases with either portal vein invasion (PVI) or metastases. Despite the wide scope of advanced HCC, sorafenib is recommended as an only treatment in BCLC guideline. This notion has thrown many debates particularly on the treatment for advanced but liver confined HCC as shown in recent publications reporting a pattern of care of HCC in Asia as well as survival benefit of surgical resection for HCC with PVI in Japan. In our institute, liver-directed concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has long been performed, combining local radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) of 5-Fu followed by monthly HAIC no longer than 6 months. Liver-directed CCRT CCRT was designed not only to maximize local antitumor effect through interaction between chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also to minimize intrahepatic metastasis through HAIC in the patients with major vascular invasion (MVI), mostly portal vein in major or the first branch. Following the first pilot study reporting a median survival time of 13 months, CCRT has been applied to the most HCC patients with MVI. Improved survival was observed in a recent study comparing CCRT to non-CCRT RT group by propensity score matching analysis (11.4 vs. 6.6 months of median survival time, p<0.007). CCRT has also given a chance for cure by converting to resectable condition and allowing R0 resection in some patients (16.9%). However, this approach lacks of systemic treatment component. Hence we modified CCRT scheme by replacing HAIC to sorafenib and performed a prospective study. Interim result seems quite promising with increased median survival time. Further details will be discussed.
Ergonomic Design of Necklace Type Wearable Device
Jinsil Lee,Kimin Ban,Jaeho Choe,Eui S. Jung 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.4
Objective: This study aims to identify important physical design variables in designing a necklace type wearable device, and to present design guidelines to maximize comfort that a user feels upon wearing the device. Background: Interests in fitness culture and personal health are on the rise recently. In such a situation, demand for necklace type wearable devices is projected to increase a lot, as the devices enable users to use their hands freely and to enjoy various contents through connection with mobile devices. However, the necklace type wearable device’s comfort was assessed to have the lowest comfort in a running situation, where human body moves up and down and left and right more than other devices wearable on other human body parts. Therefore, the usability of a necklace type wearable device was low. In this regard, studies on identification of the variables affecting user comfort upon wearing a necklace type wearable device and on physical design direction maximizing comfort and usability are needed. Method: A pretest and a main test were carried out to draw the direction of necklace type wearable device design. In the pretest, wearing evaluation on the diverse types of devices released in the market was conducted to draw physical design variables of the devices affecting comfort. Furthermore, variables significantly affecting the comfort of a device were selected through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the main test, anthropometry was performed, and information on anthropometric items corresponding to the design variables selected in the pretest was acquired. Based on the pretest results and the anthropometric information in the main test, the present study produced design guidelines maximizing the comfort of a necklace type wearable device with regard to major design variables upon dynamic tasks. Results: According to the pretest results, the variables having effects on comfort were the angle of side points, width, and height. Due to interactions between variables, those need to be simultaneously considered upon designing a device. Upon dynamic tasks, the angle of side points and width of a device was designed to be smaller than mean angle of the trapezius muscle and neck width, and thus attachment to human body was high. As height was designed to be larger than mean neck front and rear point width, comfort was higher due to feeling of stability. Conclusion: Because user sensitivity to comfort was high at human body’s inflection points, a device needs to be designed for users not to feel high pressure on specific body parts with the device fitting human body shape well. A design considering user’s situation is also required in further studies.
Usability Evaluation Criteria and Methods of Road Safety Facilities - A Literature Review
( Jinsil Lee ),( Park Min Ju ),( Lee Jong Ho ),( Sun Hee Cho ),( Min-sun Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2017 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2017 No.-
This review aims to identify measures suitable for evaluation of usability for road safety facilities. A review of literature included articles that evaluated a road safety facilities for usability. Electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources were used. A total of 7 articles of usability evaluation of road safety facilities were retrieved through a search for an electronic databases, hand searches and internet sources, and evaluation criteria and evaluation methods were summarized. Quantitative evaluation criteria included ‘Error Rate’, ‘Completion Time’, ‘Visibility’, ‘Psychological Pressure’, ‘Visual Confusion’, ‘Eye Fatigue’, and ‘Satisfaction’. All of them were measured by the questionnaire method. And Qualitative evaluation criteria were ‘the Reason for Cognitive Error’ and ‘the Risk’ measured by interview method. There are limits of 7 articles that do not constitute a real environment or a virtual environment or experiment that tests real users to ensure usability in actual environment. In order to systematically evaluate the usability of road safety facilities in the future, it is necessary to categorize the evaluation criteria according to the purpose of evaluation, to derive appropriate evaluation methods for each category, and to construct a real environment or a virtual environment and to develop scenarios for the validity about evaluation.