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Bramble, Jonathan P.,Tate, Daniel J.,Revill, Derek J.,Sheikh, Khizar H.,Henderson, James R.,Liu, Feng,Zeng, Xiangbing,Ungar, Goran,Bushby, Richard J.,Evans, Stephen D. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P>10.1002/adfm.200902140.abs<P>A novel method of creating planar aligned columnar discotic liquid crystals (cDLCs) on surfaces, which also gives control over the azimuthal angle, is presented. Surfaces are chemically patterned with stripes via microcontact printing of organothiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, or via deep UV patterning of organosilane SAMs on silicon. These are then used to isolate long droplets of cDLCs by dewetting in the isotropic phase. Upon cooling from the isotropic into the hexagonal columnar phase, polarizing microscopy reveals that the cDLC aligns in a planar orientation. Results for three triphenylene derivatives (HAT‐6, HHTT, H7T) and for a phthalocyanine derivative (8H<SUB>2</SUB>Pc) are presented. H7T and HAT‐6 are found to align with the director perpendicular to the stripe direction, but HHTT and 8H<SUB>2</SUB>Pc align parallel to the stripe direction. This relatively simple new method for creating planar aligned columnar phases of DLCs gives control over the azimuthal angle: a condition required for organic field‐effect transistor applications of cDLCs.</P>
Amorphous dithenylcyclopentadienone-carbazole copolymer for organic thin-film transistors
Kang, Evan S. H.,Yuen, Jonathan D.,Walker, Wesley,Coates, Nelson E.,Cho, Shinuk,Kim, Eunseong,Wudl, Fred Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.14
<P>We developed a new high performance amorphous donor–acceptor conjugated copolymer consisting of a dithienylcylclopentadienone subunit as an electron acceptor and carbazole derivative as an electron donor. X-Ray diffraction analysis shows no scattering patterns, indicating that a disordered amorphous solid is formed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show an amorphous surface mophology regardless of the annealing temperature. A high on/off current ratio of approximately 10<SUP>6</SUP> and high field effect mobility of 2.2 × 10<SUP>−2</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> were obtained with stable output characteristics. The high performance of the amorphous copolymer is ascribed to the relatively low activation energy and low characteristic temperature obtained from a low temperature transport analysis, reflecting that localization of the charge carrier is not substantial in the film.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new high performance amorphous copolymer (DTCPD-<I>alt</I>-CB) was developed. The high carrier mobility is ascribed to low activation energy and characteristic temperature, indicating that charge carrier localization is not substantial. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b926066h'> </P>
Jeremy M. Osborn,Kevin J. Glennon,Evans D. Kitcher,Jonathan D. Burns,Charles M. Folden III,Sunil S. Chirayath 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.2
An experimental validation of a nuclear forensics methodology for the source reactor-type discriminationof separated weapons-useable plutonium is presented. The methodology uses measured values of intraelementisotope ratios of plutonium and fission product contaminants. MCNP radiation transport codeswere used for various reactor core modeling and fuel burnup simulations. A reactor-dependent library ofintra-element isotope ratio values as a function of burnup and time since irradiation was created fromthe simulation results. The experimental validation of the methodology was achieved by performing twolow-burnup experimental irradiations, resulting in distinct fuel samples containing sub-milligramquantities of weapons-useable plutonium. The irradiated samples were subjected to gamma and massspectrometry to measure several intra-element isotope ratios. For each reactor in the library, a maximumlikelihood calculation was utilized to compare the measured and simulated intra-element isotope ratiovalues, producing a likelihood value which is proportional to the probability of observing the measuredratio values, given a particular reactor in the library. The measured intra-element isotope ratio values ofboth irradiated samples and its comparison with the simulation predictions using maximum likelihoodanalyses are presented. The analyses validate the nuclear forensics methodology developed
Qian, Frank,Wang, Shengfeng,Mitchell, Jonathan,McGuffog, Lesley,Barrowdale, Daniel,Leslie, Goska,Oosterwijk, Jan C,Chung, Wendy K,Evans, D Gareth,Engel, Christoph,Kast, Karin,Aalfs, Cora M,Adank, Muri U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2019 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.111 No.4
Jeremy M. Osborn,Kevin J. Glennon,Evans D. Kitcher,Jonathan D. Burns,Charles M. Folden III,Sunil S. Chirayath 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.6
The growing nuclear threat has amplified the need for developing diverse and accurate nuclear forensicsanalysis techniques to strengthen nuclear security measures. The work presented here is part of aresearch effort focused on developing a methodology for reactor-type discrimination of weapons-gradeplutonium. To verify the developed methodology, natural UO2 fuel samples were irradiated in a thermalneutron spectrum at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) and produced approximately20 mg of weapons-grade plutonium test material. Radiation transport simulations of common thermalreactor types that can produce weapons-grade plutonium were performed, and the results are presentedhere. These simulations were needed to verify whether the plutonium produced in the natural UO2 fuelsamples during the experimental irradiation at MURR was a suitable representative to plutonium producedin common thermal reactor types. Also presented are comparisons of fission product and plutoniumconcentrations obtained from computational simulations of the experimental irradiation at MURRto the nondestructive and destructive measurements of the irradiated natural UO2 fuel samples. Gammaspectroscopy measurements of radioactive fission products were mostly within 10%, mass spectroscopymeasurements of the total plutonium mass were within 4%, and mass spectroscopy measurements ofstable fission products were mostly within 5%.
Towards a Comprehensive Catalog of Zebrafish Behavior 1.0 and Beyond
Kalueff, Allan V.,Gebhardt, Michael,Stewart, Adam Michael,Cachat, Jonathan M.,Brimmer, Mallorie,Chawla, Jonathan S.,Craddock, Cassandra,Kyzar, Evan J.,Roth, Andrew,Landsman, Samuel,Gaikwad, Siddharth Mary Ann Liebert 2013 Zebrafish Vol.10 No.1
In Park, Kook,Hack, Michael A.,Ourednik, Jitka,Yandava, Booma,Flax, Jonathan D.,Stieg, Philip E.,Gullans, Stephen,Jensen, Francis E.,Sidman, Richard L.,Ourednik, Vaclav,Snyder, Evan Y. Elsevier 2006 Experimental neurology Vol.199 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Clonal neural cells with stem-like features integrate appropriately into the developing and degenerating central and peripheral nervous system throughout the neuraxis. In response to hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury, previously engrafted, integrated, and quiescent clonal neural stem cells (NSCs) transiently re-enter the cell cycle, migrate preferentially to the site of ischemia, and differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes, the neural cell types typically lost following HI brain injury. They also replenish the supply of immature uncommitted resident stem/progenitor cells. Although they yield astrocytes, scarring is inhibited. These responses appear to occur most robustly within a 3–7 day “window” following HI during which signals are elaborated that upregulate genetic programs within the NSC that mediate proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation, most of which appear to be terminated once the “window closes” and the chronic phase ensues, sending the NSCs into a quiescent state. These insights derived from using the stem cell in a novel role – as a “reporter” cell – to both track and probe the activity of endogenous stem cells as well as to “interrogate” and “report” the genes differentially induced by the acutely vs. chronically injured milieu. NSCs may be capable of the replacement of cells, genes, and non-diffusible factors in both a widespread or more circumscribed manner (depending on the therapeutic demands of the clinical situation). They may be uniquely responsive to some types of neurodegenerative conditions. We submit that these various capabilities are simply the normal expression of the basic homeostasis-preserving biologic properties and attributes of a stem cell which, if used rationally and in concert with this biology, may be exploited for therapeutic ends.</P>
Newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility loci on 3p24 and 17q23.2
Ahmed, Shahana,Thomas, Gilles,Ghoussaini, Maya,Healey, Catherine S,Humphreys, Manjeet K,Platte, Radka,Morrison, Jonathan,Maranian, Melanie,Pooley, Karen A,Luben, Robert,Eccles, Diana,Evans, D Gareth,F Nature Publishing Group 2009 Nature genetics Vol.41 No.5
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified seven breast cancer susceptibility loci, but these explain only a small fraction of the familial risk of the disease. Five of these loci were identified through a two-stage GWAS involving 390 familial cases and 364 controls in the first stage, and 3,990 cases and 3,916 controls in the second stage. To identify additional loci, we tested over 800 promising associations from this GWAS in a further two stages involving 37,012 cases and 40,069 controls from 33 studies in the CGEMS collaboration and Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We found strong evidence for additional susceptibility loci on 3p (rs4973768: per-allele OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08–1.13, P = 4.1 × 10<SUP>−23</SUP>) and 17q (rs6504950: per-allele OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.97, P = 1.4 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). Potential causative genes include SLC4A7 and NEK10 on 3p and COX11 on 17q.