외경 0.25mm 의 동맥문합에 있어서 항혈전제의 효과

전대우,강진성,한기환 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

In 1960, Jacobson and Suarez reported a 100 per cent patency rate following the anastomoses of vessels which were 1.6 to 3.2 mm in diameter. This report speeded modern-day microvascular surgery up for the last 20 years. High patency rate is reported in microvascular anastomosis of the 1.0mm diameter, and microvascular surgery is widely used in clinical practice. Improvement in methosds of microanastomoses and development of the microvascular instruments, including the operating microscope along with the microsutures make the microvascular anastomoses of vessels that are less than 0.5mm in diameter opssible. The key problem microvascular surgery is the formation of thrombus which is mainly composed of platelets, causing occlusion of the anastomotic site. So much efforts have been made in developing effective anticoagulants. Currently used systemic anticoagulants are heparin, aspirin and persantin. Aspirin inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation and the primary action of persanin is to inhibit platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen, and epinephrine, is widely used as effective anticoagulant for patients of atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. An animal study was carried out to investigate the opssibility of tichlopidine-HCI to be used as a choice of anticoagulant in microvascular surgery. One hundred and twenty rats were divided into 3 groups. Group A was the control group. Aspirin and Persantin were given orally in group B. Ticlopidine-HCI was given orally in group C. A superficial epigastric artery as small as 0.25mm in hage devised autogenous fascia and silicone rubber tube method to splint the suture line and reduce the bleeding casued by anticoagulants. Fewer sutures were required, saving time and effort in microvascular repair. The results were as follows: 1. At 20 minutes after anastomoses, the patency rates were 100% in all groups. 2. At 3 days after anastomoses, the patency rates were 75% in the control group(A), 75% in the aspirin-persanting group(B), and 80% in the ticlopidine group(C). 3. At 3 weeks after anastomoses, the patency rates were 70% in the group A, 75% in the group B, and 80% in the group C. It is concluded that the ticlopidine-HCI may be used in the microvascular anastomoses of very small arteries as the anticoagulant of choice.

김치저장성 향상을 위한 동결방법이 배추조직의 물성변화에 미치는 영향

양진한,박소희,유진현,임호수,조재선,황성연 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

김치를 10˚C에서 8일간 숙성시켜 산도 0.6~0.7%로 숙성된 김치를 -70˚C와 -20˚C로 냉동하며 -20˚C에서 저장하면서 배추 조직의 elasticity, hardness, 세포 조직의 변화, 드립양을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. -70˚C에서 급속 동결한 것과 -20˚C에서 완만 동결한 냉동 김치 중 배추조직의 elasticity는 냉동 저장 15일까지 감소하다 일정하게 유지되었고 hardness는 거의 변화가 없었으며 냉동 방법에 따른 변화도 거의 나타나지 않았다. 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 control의 경우 세포벽이 매우 두꺼우며 세포의 모양들이 잘 보존되어 잇는 것을 볼 수 있었고 -20˚C로 냉동 처리하여 해동시킨 세포벽들은 많이 손상되어 있음을 볼 수 있었으며 -70˚C로 급속 냉동시료의 경우 세포벽의 손상 정도가 -20˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료보다 덜 파괴되어 있음을 볼 수 있었다.한편 냉동 저장기간 동안 드립의 손실량의 변화는 -70˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료의 드립양은 3~4%정도로 -20˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료의 5~6%에 비해 적은 것을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freezing methods, show freezing at -20℃ and rapid freezing at -70℃, on physical properties of Chinese cabbage in frozen Kimchi during storage at -20℃. Elasticity of midrib of Chinese cabbage in frozen Kimchi was decreased until 15 days and did not changed thereafter during storage at -20℃, Hardness of that was not changed during storage. Those results of elasticity and hardness of slow frozen sample are similar to rapid frozen sample. By the morphological observation through transmission electron microscope, more of cellular structure of Chinese cabbage in slow frozen was destructed than that of rapid frozen sample. Drip loss was more in slow frozen sample than that in rapid one.

초등학교 과학 수업에서 개념도 활용의 효과

강석진,이유영,고한중,전경문,노태희 한국초등과학교육학회 2004 초등과학교육 Vol.23 No.1

In this study, we investigated the effects of using concept mapping as an instructional tool on 4th graders' achievement, science learning motivation, and attitude toward science classes. T재 classes (38 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. Students were taught about "expansion of matter by heat" and "heat transfer". These topics were chosen because they require students to understand more concepts as well as relationships among them. A science learning motivation test and an attitude toward science classes test were administered as pretests. A researcher-made achievement test, the science learning motivation test, and the attitude toward science classes test were administered as posttests. The results indicated that using concept mapping in 4th-grade science classes was not significantly effective in improving students' achievement though a statistically significant positive effect was found in the subcategory of knowledge. No statistically significant effect of using concept mapping was found in the scores of the science learning motivation test and the attitude toward science classes test. Educational implications are discussed.

흰쥐에서 외상성 신경종예방에 대한 연구

김승한,전종완,강진성,김찬환,정재홍 大韓成形外科學會 1990 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.17 No.5

Prevention of traumatic neuroma has been the subject of extensive since early in the nineteenth century. Odier described this enlargement which develops at the distal end of proximal segments of peripheral nerves after partial or complete transsection. However, there seems to be no unanimity of opinion regarding the treatments of nerve at the time of severed injury. Ligating the proximal end of such a nerve, implanting it into muscle or born, resecting it, injecting it with a sclerosing agent or capping it with a silicone cuff are commonly used at the present time. Petropoulos introduced a nitrogen mustard as a sclerosing agent to prevent the neuroma. Tupper and Booth reported funniculecomy and epincurial ligation with satisfactory result obtained in many patients. However there is no commonly acceptable method. The authers carried out animal studys to find out the better operative procedure to prevent the traumatic neuroma. The sciatic nerve of the rat was exposed under the operating microscope and resected about 1㎝ from the end of the divied portion. Eighty rats were divided into 4 groups by a technique to differentiate management of the severed proximal nerve ends, that is, a control group, a nitrogen mustard injected group, a epineurial ligation group and a combined group(epineurial ligation following the injection of nitrogen mustard). The wound was closed with 4-0 black silk. Three months later, the wound was reopened and the presence of neuroma was observed grossly and microscopically. The results were as follows : 1) The proximal portion of the severed nerve in the combined group were tapered to the end and neuromas were hardly seen grossly. 2) The diameters of minifascicle and the numbers of nerve fibers of the combined group were the smallest and fewest compared with others(p<0.05). 3) The combined group took only 2 to 3 minutes more than the others, but it was better method. The authors found the superiority of this latter method, epineurial ligation following nitrogen mustard injection in the severed end, compaired with the others.

액취증 수술중 한선절제술에 대한 장기추적조사

강진성,전종완,한기환,이동훈 大韓成形外科學會 1987 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.14 No.4

We have no doubt the fundamental way solving osmidrosis is surgical excision, and various operative technique have been introduced. Resection of the sweat glandular layer in the axillae is attactive because of certain advantages. Sensation and sweating begins to return between 6 weeks and 3 years postoperatively. For this reason, several previous reports on the resection procedure of sweat glands were inadequate because the period of follow up were too short. A follow up study using the questionnaire was done from 36 to 60 months postoperatively in the 24 cases of the patients and the following results were obtained: 1) There was no more foul odor from axillae. 2) Although there was a remarkable decrease in axillary sweating, moisture was preserved because sebaceous and eccrine glands were partially retained. 3) Axillary hairs were scanty, compared to the preoperative condition. 4) The operative scar was invisible 5) There was no motion limitation of the axillae. 6) All the patients were satisfied with the results of the operation. We can recommend the superiority of this resection procedure of sweat glands above other surgical technique with the above results.

미세혈관문합때 염산 Ticlopidine의 항혈전 효과

강진성,전종완,한기환,정재홍,김선영 大韓成形外科學會 1987 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.14 No.1

Recent progress in microvascular surgery has opened new clinical possibilities in tissue transplantation and replantation by direct anastomoses of vessels less than one mm in external diameter. However, a large obstacle still remains in microsurgery, that is, occlusion of the anastomosis site by thrombosis which is mainly composed of platelets. Many anticoagulants and topical vasodilatic agents such as heparin, aspirin, persantin, coumarin and magnesium sulfate have been used to solve this problem. Heparin inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and Factos Ⅴ,Ⅸ,--, Aspirin inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation whereas the primary action of persantin is to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation and the release reaction of platelets. Currently, ticlopidine-HCI which is known to inhibit the platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen and epinephrine, is widely in use as an effective anticoagulant for the patients of atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, and subarachoid hemorrhage. Animal study was carried out for the ticlopidine-HCI to investigate the possibility of this agent to be used as a choice of anticoagulant in microvascular surgery. One hundred and twenty rats were divided into 3 groups. Group A was the control group. Aspirin and persantin were given orally in group B. Ticlopidine-HCI was given orally in group C. A femoral artery in one inguinal region and one femoral vein in the other side were severed and then were anastomosed with 10-0 nylon. The wounds were closed with 4-0 black silk. The patency was confirmed grossly and microscopically at 20 minutes, 3 days, and 3 weeks after anastomoses. The patency rates were as follows: 1. At 20 minutes after anstomoses, patency rates of arteries and veins were 100% in all groups. 2. At 3 days after anastomoses, in the control group the patency rates of arteries and veins were 95% and 85% respectively. Group B (aspirin-persantin)were 100% and 90% each. Compared with these, the patency rates of group C (ticlopidine) were better, all of the arteries and veins were patent. 3. At 3 weeks after anastomoses, the patency rates of arteries were 90% and veins were 80% in the control group. Arteries were 95% and veins were 90% in group B, whereas arteries were 100% and veins were 95% in group. C. Therefore, it is concluded that the ticlopidine can be used in microvasular surgery as an anticoagulant of choice.

Pulse Power를 이용한 혐기성 소화 효율 증대

최한나,전용우,정윤진,홍승모 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Anaerobic digestion is commonly used in wastewater treatment plants to stabilize sludge produced in primary and secondary treatment, to produce renewable energy as methane, and to reduce the volume of solids for ultimate disposal. Previous studies on anaerobic digestibility of primary and secondary sludge present that secondary sludge showed poor anaerobic digestibility and less gas production. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of pulse power pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of waste activated sludge. These objectives were achieved through operation of carefully-controlled laboratory digesters under various conditions. The conclusion made from this study are as follows: 1) To maximize the efficiency of pulse power pretreatment for waste activated sludge, the optimum operation conditions for coaxial reactor with 7 rings are decided as follows; a) optimum pulse repetition rate : 110㎐, b)feeding service : once-through mode, c) optimum hydraulic retention time : 1.0-1.5sec 2) Pretreated WAS by pulse power system showed increase of SCOD, ECP, and V.A by 13.6, 4.6, and 7.1 times. 3) From the results from operation of lab scaled anaerobic digester, pulse power sludge pretreatment increased GPR from 0.39㎥gas/㎏VS_add · day to 0.66㎥gas/㎏VS_add · day and methane content from 43.9% to 87.9%. Thus, increase of methane production rate was increased by 3.4times. 4) During the steady state operation of anaerobic digester, the removal efficiency of TCOD and VS were improved by 44.6% and 31.5% respectively after pulse power pretreatment of waste activated sludge.

축산시설의 입지특성 분석 : 안성시 미양면을 중심으로

황한철,전우정,이남호,홍성구,김진태 안성산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.30 No.2

It is necessary to evaluate the location suitability of livestock facilities to guide reasonable livestock. The evaluation system could help plan new livestock facilities in rural areas. The assessment was performed based on location characteristics of livestock facilities such as land utilization around livestock facilities, size of livestock facilities, water and drainage condition, accessibility and distance from roads, floor condition, distance from village and house, direction of livestock facilities, ventilation facilities, animal Waste treatment, and so forth. In this study, location characteristics of livestock facilities were showed each location factors using statistical analysis.

가공열처리에 의한 Ti-6Al-4V 합금의 조직 및 경도 변화에 대한 연구

서동이,김성진,한전건 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.2

The microstructure and hardness change by thermomechanical processing was studied in the temperature range of α+β phase(800℃) and above the β-transus temperature(1,050℃) respectively in Ti-6A1-4V alloy. Equiaxed a morphology could be obtained through hot rolling and annealing at 800℃ while a lamellar structure was produced only by solution treatment followed by annealing without hot rolling. The morphology change from lamellar a to equiaxed a was Promoted with increasing the degree of deformation. Thermome chanical processing above β transus temperature resulted in the combined structure of serrated α, acicular a and fine lamellar structure. It was also found that prolonged annealing could induce the formation of egaiaxed α at highly stressed area. Hardness appeared to be higher in lamellar a structure than equiaxed a structure.

아침 식사시간의 다른 사람들에서 혈장 그렐린의 변화

이상엽,김윤진,김형회,손한철,전태용,심문섭 대한비만학회 2002 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.11 No.2

연구배경 : 최근 식욕조절인자로 관심이 집중되고 있는 그렐린(ghrelin)은 식사 전후로 독한 일중변동을 보인다. 하지만, 지금까지는 실험적으로 일정한 열량의 표준 음식을 일정한 식사시간에 공급한 이후 그렐린의 농도 변화를 관찰하였다. 저자 등은 평소 아침 식사시간이 각기 다른 사람들에서 아침 식사 전후의 혈장 그렐린 농도 변화를 관찰하여 향후 외래 환경에서도 그렐린 관련 연구가 가능하도록 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구에 대한 설명을 듣고 동의한 23.4 ~ 35.5세 사이의 비교적 건강한 동양인 남자 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 신체 계측을 한 후 이중 에너지 방사선 측정법 (Lunar prodigy, GE medical systems, Waukesha, Wisconsis, USA, 이하 DEXA)으로 체지방을 측정하였다. 연구 대상자 모두 평소 아침 식사시간이 일정하였지만 연구 시작 2주전부터 아침 식사시간을 엄격히 고정하도록 하였다. 스트레스가 없는 상태에서 아침 식사를 하지 않는 지원자는 오전 6시 30분부터, 나머지는 아침식사 시간 1시간 전부터 1시간 간격으로 점심 식사 전인 오전 11시 30분까지 채혈하였다. 각각의 검체로 부터 혈장 그렐린은 상업적인 방사선면역측정법 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Belmont, CA)으로 측정되었다. 랩틴은 Ⅰ-125 표지 랩틴을 이용한 이중항체 방사선면역측정법으로, 혈장 인슐린은 항체 부착관을 이용한 방사선면역측정법으로, 혈당은 포도당산화 효소법에 의해 Synchron LX 20 (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Fullerton, USA)으로 측정하였다. 결과 : 연구 대상자의 체질량지수는 22.9 ~ 27.1 kg/㎡이었고, 허리둘레는 80.3 ~ 93.3 cm이었다. DEXA로 측정한 결과 전체 체지방과 체부지방 비율은 각각 27.1 ~ 31.8%와 32.7 ~ 32.4%이었다. 아침 식사를 하지 않는 자를 제외한 나머지 연구 대상자의 아침 식사 직전의 식후 2시간의 혈장 그렐린 농도는 각각 113.0 ~ 800.0 pg/mL, 78.3 ~ 553.0 pg/mL이었고 랩틴 농도는 각각 4.9 ~ 5.1 ng/mL, 4.4 ~ 4.7 ng/mL 이었다. 혈장 그렐린 랩틴 농도는 아침 식사 직전에 비해 식사 2시간 후 각각 7.2 ~ 30.9%와 7.8 ~ 10.2%감소되었다. 아침식사를 하지 않는 대상자의 경우 인슐린과 혈당치가 변화가 없음에도 불구하고 혈장 그렐린 농도는 오전 7시 30분에 가장 낮았다. 그 외 연구 대상자에서는 각기 다른 시간이더라도 아침 식사 2시간 후의 혈장 그렐린 농도가 가장 낮았다. 결론 : 평소 아침 식사시간이 다른 사람들에게서 혈장 그렐린 농도는 각기 다른 아침 식사 2 시간 후에 가장 낮았다. 아침 식사를 하지 않는 경우에는 혈장 그렐린 농도가 오전 7시 30분에 가장 낮았다. Background : Recently, the particular interest is on ghrelin, the dietary control factor among many scientists and it a toxic diurnal variations has been demonstrated before and after meal. However, the experimental approach has been only to see the changes in the concentration of ghrelin after intake of meals standardized with fixed calories at scheduled meal hours. the authors of this particular experiment have tried to observe and record the changes in concentrations of plasma ghrelin of persons with different breakfast hours. This might help in providing a basis for further possible studies in outpatient setting. Method : A group of four relatively healthy males whose ages between 23.4 and 35.5 with prior agreements were selected for this study. After body measurements, body lipid status was measured based on Lunar prodigy (GE medical systems, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) which is also referred to as DEXA. All of the selected persons had somewhat fixed breakfast time; however, they were asked to strictly keep their breakfast time fixed and steady starting two weeks before the beginning of experiment. The bloods of those who skip their breakfast without any particular stress were sampled at 6:30 AM, whereas the rest had different schedule, whose bloods were sampled every hour starting 1 hour before the first meal of the day till just before lunch (11:30 Am). From each blood sample, the level of plasma ghrelin was measured using the commercial radioimmune assay (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Belmont, CA). Leptin was measured with double antibody radioimmune assay using Ⅰ-125 labelled leptin, plasma insulin with radioimmune assay using antibody attachment tube, and blood sugar with Synchron LX20 (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Fullerton, USA) using glucosylation enzyme method. Result : The body mass index of the volunteers was 22.9 ~ 27.1 kg/㎡, with 80.3 ~ 93.3 cm waist circumference. Based on measurements by DEXA, the rates of total body lipid and trunk lipid were each 27.1 ~ 31.8% and 32.7 ~ 32.4%, respectively. The concentrations of plasma ghrelin of those who consume their breakfast before and 2 hour after their breakfast are 113.0 ~ 800.0 pg/mL and 78.3 ~ 553.0 pg/mL. The concentrations of leptin are 4.9 ~ 5.1 ng/mL and 4.4 ~ 4.7 ng/mL. Compared to the concentration of plasma ghrelin and of leptin recorded just before breakfast, it showed 7.2 ~ 30.9% and 7.8 ~ 10.2% decrease, respectively, 2 hours after breakfast. For those who skip their breakfast, the plasma concentration of ghrelin was recorded the lowest at 7:30 AM, even though there was no change in insulin and blood sugar. The rest of the subjects had their lowest plasma ghrelin concentration at 2 hours after breakfast, despite their different meal schedule. Conclusion : The persons with different breakfast hours had their lowest plasma concentration of ghrelin at 2 hours after breakfast. In contrast, the persons who skip their breakfast had their lowest concentration at 7: 30 AM.