Effects of Buffer Extraction of Protein Feeds on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, Degradation and Methane Production by Rumen Microbes

Seong-Ho Choi,Guang-Lin Jin,Wei-Ze Qin,Sun-Sik Chang,Joon Jeong,Man-Kang Song 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.6

The present in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of buffer solubility of eight protein feeds (coconut meal, distillers grain, sesame meal, perilla meal, soy source cake, rape seed meal, soybean meal and lupine) on the fermentation characteristics, degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), and methane (CH4) production by rumen microbes. Buffer extraction increased pH (P<0.05 ~ p<0.001) of the culture solution but tended to lower ammonia- N concentration for all protein feeds. Total volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and each VFAs concentrations in all incubation was decreased by buffer extraction (P<0.01 ~ P<0.001). Also, molar proportion of acetate in 1h (P<0.001), 3h (P<0.01) and 12h (P<0.05) incubations and molar proportion of propionate in 1h (P<0.001), 3h (P<0.01), 6h (P<0.05) and 12h (P<0.05) were decreased by buffer extraction. But molar proportion of butyrate in 1h (P<0.001), 3h (P<0.01) and 6h (P<0.05) were increased by buffer extraction. The in vitro effective degradability of dry matter (P<0.001) and CP (P<0.001) was decreased by buffer extraction. The methane production (P<0.01~P<0.001) in all incubation was decreased by buffer extraction. The results from in the current study might be useful for diet formulation to improve the feed efficiency of the ruminant animals without massive loss of major nutrients.

청보리 및 호밀 Silage를 이용한 거세한우 비육중기용 TMR의 소 체내 이용성 조사

Wei-ze Qin,김광림(Guang Lin Jin),김종규(Jong Kyu Kim),오영균(Young Kyoon Oh),이상철(Sang Cheol Lee),송만강(Man Kang Song) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 국내에서 생산된 주요 동계 사료작물인 청보리 및 호밀 사일리지를 이용하여 거세 한우의 비육 중기용으로 조제된 TMR의 소 체내 이용성을 배합사료 및 볏짚으로 구성된 관행 사료와 비교하고자 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 3×3 Latin square design 방법으로 실시되었다. 관행사료 급여구(대조구)에는 1일 두당 7㎏(비육 중기용 배합사료 5.6㎏ 및 볏짚 1.4㎏, 건물 기준)을, 그리고 청보리 사일리지 TMR구 (BS-TMR) 및 호밀 사일리지 TMR구(RS-TMR)에는1일 두당 8㎏(건물 기준)을 각각 동일한 양으로 2등분하여 2회(08:00 및 18:00)에 걸쳐 급여하였다. 두 종류의 사일리지 TMR 모두에 각각 기타 원료사료와 사일리지를 80:20의 비율(급여상태 기준)로 혼합하여 조제하였다. 반추위액의 pH는 전체 채취시간에 걸쳐 시험사료간 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 대조구 사료에 비하여 사일리지 TMR 급여구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 암모니아 농도 역시 처리간 차이가 없었으나 사료 급여 후 3시간부터 청보리 사일리지를 급여한 소의 반추위액에서 다소 낮은 경향을 보였다. 반추위액의 총 VFA 농도는 사료 급여 후 6시간 까지 다른 처리구에 비하여 호밀사일리지 TMR(RS-TMR)을 급여한 처리구에서 상대적으로 높았다. 반추위액의 acetate의 조성 비율은 반추위액의 모든 채취시간에 걸쳐 TMR을 급여한 처리구에서 높은 경향을 보였으며, 대조구인 관행사료 급여에 비하여 TMR 사료급여 직전(P<0.005) 및 급여 후 9시간(p<0.048)에서 현저히 높은 비율을 보였다. Propionate 조성 비율의 경우 사료 급여 후 1시간에 대조구 사료에 비하여 사일리지 TMR을 섭취한 소에서 높은 (p<0.046) 반면 butyrate조성 비율은 대조구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 사료 급여 1시간 후에 TMR 사료 급여구에 비하여 현저히 (p<0.029) 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다른 사료에 비하여 호밀 사일리지 TMR에서 건물유효분해율(EDDM) 및 조단백질 유효분해율(EDCP)이 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 NDF의 경우 관행사료에 비하여 청보리 및 호밀 사일리지 TMR에서 높은 b값(p<0.039) 및 c값 (p<0.006)으로 인하여 TMR의 유효분해율(EDNDF)이 관행사료보다 높은 (p<0.049) 것으로 나타났다. 조사된 모든 주요 성분(DM, CP, EE 및 NDF)에서 관행사료에 비하여 사일리지 TMR의 전장소화율이 다소 높았으며, TMR 중 호밀 사일리지 TMR (RS-TMR)의 소화율이 NDF를 제외한 성분에서 청보리 사일리지 TMR 보다 소화율이 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 본 시험 결과를 종합하면, 청보리 또는 호밀 사일리지 TMR의 체내 영양소 이용율이 관행 사료에 비하여 다소 개선된 결과를 보였는데, 이는 TMR이 반추위 내 발효 안정화에 기여하였으며 아울러 TMR의 섬유소 소화율이 더 개선되었기 때문인 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 동계사료작물 사일리지의 품질이 사료작물의 수확시기 등에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 향후 이 점이 고려된 동계사료작물 TMR의 소 체내 이용성 조사가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. The present study was conducted to examine the fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) in the rumen, and whole tract digestibility of whole crop silage based TMR in comparison with conventional separate feeding of concentrate and roughage. Three rum in ally fistulated non-lactating Holstein cattle were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The cattle were fed 8kg of whole crop barley silage based TMR (RS-TMR) or 8㎏ (DM basis) of whole crop rye silage based TMR (RS-TMR) twice (08:00 and 18:00) daily in an equal amount. The cattle were also fed concentrate (5.6㎏) and rice straw (1.4㎏) seperately (DM basis, Control) twice daily in an equal amount. The both silages were included in TMR at 20% level (as fed basis). pH in the rumen fluid was not influenced by the diets but was slightly higher from TMR than from control. No difference was found in ammonia-N concentration between diets. Total VFA concentration was relatively increased in the cattle fed RS-TMR to the other diets up to 6h post feeding. The proportion of acetate was increased in the TMR feeding at right before feeding (0h, p<0.005) and 9h (p<0.048) post feeding compared with control. Propionate proportion was increased (p<0.046) in both TMRs while butyrate proportion was increased (p<0.029) at 1h post feeding compared to other diets. Effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP of RS-TMR was relatively increased to other diets, and EDNDF of both TMRs was higher than that of control diet due to the increased parameters b(p<0.039) and c(p<0.006) in TMR treatments. Whole track digestibility of most components in the TMRs was slightly increased compared to that in control diet, and RS-TMR had a tendency to be increased whole track digestibility except for NDF compared to BS-TMR. Based on the results observed from the present study, nutrient availability of whole crop silage based TMR looked slightly better than conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw, mainly due to the improved stabilization of fermentation in the rumen and increased NDF digestibility of whole crop silage in TMR.

Shortest Path Analyses in the Protein-Protein Interaction Network of NGAL (Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin) Overexpression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Du, Ze-Peng,Wu, Bing-Li,Wang, Shao-Hong,Shen, Jin-Hui,Lin, Xuan-Hao,Zheng, Chun-Peng,Wu, Zhi-Yong,Qiu, Xiao-Yang,Zhan, Xiao-Fen,Xu, Li-Yan,Li, En-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a novel cancer-related protein involves multiple functions in many cancers and other diseases. We previously overexpressed NGAL to analyze its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed and the shortest paths from NGAL to transcription factors in the network were analyzed. We found 28 shortest paths from NGAL to RELA, most of them obeying the principle of extracellular to cytoplasm, then nucleus. These shortest paths were also prioritized according to their normalized intensity from the microarray by the order of interaction cascades. A systems approach was developed in this study by linking differentially expressed genes with publicly available PPI data, Gene Ontology and subcellular localizaton for the integrated analyses. These shortest paths from NGAL to DEG transcription factors or other transcription factors in the PPI network provide important clues for future experimental identification of new pathways.

Network Analyses of Gene Expression following Fascin Knockdown in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

Du, Ze-Peng,Wu, Bing-Li,Xie, Jian-Jun,Lin, Xuan-Hao,Qiu, Xiao-Yang,Zhan, Xiao-Fen,Wang, Shao-Hong,Shen, Jin-Hui,Li, En-Min,Xu, Li-Yan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-bundling protein that induces cell membrane protrusions, increases cell motility, and is overexpressed in various human epithelial cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed various protein-protein interactions (PPI) of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), in fascin knockdown ESCC cells, to explore the role of fascin overexpression. The node-degree distributions indicated these PPI sub-networks to be characterized as scale-free. Subcellular localization analysis revealed DEGs to interact with other proteins directly or indirectly, distributed in multiple layers of extracellular membrane-cytoskeleton/ cytoplasm-nucleus. The functional annotation map revealed hundreds of significant gene ontology (GO) terms, especially those associated with cytoskeleton organization of FSCN1. The Random Walk with Restart algorithm was applied to identify the prioritizations of these DEGs when considering their relationship with FSCN1. These analyses based on PPI network have greatly expanded our comprehension of the mRNA expression profile following fascin knockdown to future examine the roles and mechanisms of fascin action.

Lack of Association between the COMT rs4680 Polymorphism and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of 3,940 Individuals

Du, Jin-Ze,Dong, Yu-Ling,Wan, Guo-Xing,Tao, Lin,Lu, Li-Xia,Li, Feng,Pang, Li-Juan,Jia, Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in estrogen metabolism and is vital to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis, including that of ovarian cancer. Although many recent epidemiologic studies have investigated associations between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of associations. Systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedicine databases were undertaken to retrieve eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the strength of the association. In total, 8 case-control studies involving 1,293 cases and 2,647 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results showed no evidence of significant association between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk in any of the assessed genetic models. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity also did not reveal any significant association in any genetic model (p>0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the COMT rs4680 polymorphism may not contribute to the risk of ovarian cancer.

조사료 자원의 단백질 분획 및 Buffer 추출이 In Vitro 발효 성상, 분해율 및 Gas 생성량에 미치는 효과

김광림(Guang Lin Jin),Judder Shinekhuu,Wei-ze Qin,김종규(Jong Kyu Kim),주종관(Jong Kwan Ju),서성원(Seong-won Suh),송만강(Man Kang Song) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Buffer solubility and protein fractionation were evaluated from the hays (timothy, alfalfa and klein) and straws (tall fescue and rice), and in vitro trial was conducted to examine the effect of buffer extraction on fermentation characteristics, degradability and gas (CO₂ and CH₄) production. Buffer soluble protein (SP) content and A fraction in total protein were highest in alfalfa hay as 61% and 41.77%, respectively while lowest in rice straw (42.8% and 19.78%, respectively). No difference was observed in B1 fraction among forages but B2 fraction was slightly increased in klein hay (12.34%) and tall fescue straw (10.05%) compared with other forages (6.34~8.85%). B3 fraction of tall fescue was highest as 38.49% without difference among other forages while C fraction was highest in rice straw. pH in incubation solution was higher in all forages after extraction than before extraction at 3h (P<0.01) and 6h (P<0.05), and pH from hays of timothy and alfalfa was higher than the other forages at 6h (P<0.05) and 12h (P<0.001). Regardless of extraction, ammonia-N concentration from alfalfa hay was increased at all incubation times and extraction effect was appeared only at 3h incubation time (P<0.01). Total VFA concentration from alfalfa hay was highest up to 24h incubation while those from tall fescue straw and rice straw were lowest. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.01~P<0.001) the total VFA concentration. Acetic acid proportion was increased (P<0.001) before extraction of forages but no difference was found between forages. Propionic acid(C3) proportion was also increased(P<0.001) before extraction in all forages than in straws at 3h, 24h and 48h incubations, and C₃ from hays were mostly higher (P<0.05) than from straws. Butyric acid proportion, however, was not affected by extraction at most incubation times. Parameter 'a' regarding to the dry matter (DM) degradation was increase (P<0.001) in all forages before extraction, and was decreased (P<0.05) in tall fescue straw and rice straw compared with hays. Parameter 'b' was also increased (P<0.001) before extraction but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradability of DM (EDDM) was higher (P<0.001) before extraction in most forages except for rice straw. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.05) all parameters (a, b, and c) regrading to the crude protein (CP) degradation but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradation of CP (EDCP) was lower (P<0.05) in straws than in hays. Parameters 'a' and 'b' regarding to the NDF degradation (P<0.01) and effective degradability of NDF (EDNDF, P<0.001) were also higher in forages before extraction than after extraction but no difference was found between forages. Buffer extraction reduced (P<0.05~P<0.001) CO₂ production from all the forages uo to 24h incubation and its production was greater (P<0.05~P<0.01) from hays than straws. Methane (CH₄) production was also greater (P<0.01~P<0.001) in all forages at all incubation times, and its production was greater (P<0.05) from hays than from straws at most incubation times. Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that buffer solubility and CP fractionation might be closely related with in vitro VFA concentration, degradability and gas (CO₂ and CH₄) production. Thus, measurement of buffer solubility and protein fractionation of forages might be useful to improve TMR availability in the ruminants.

Implementation and Application of Guidance law using Aerodynamic Data for Simulation Purposes

Zhang Wei,Jin Jian-yun,Khayyam Masood,Li Lin,Ma Ze-hao 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

This paper describes a new technique for simulating the guidance of a SAM (surface to air missile) without the help of a controller. This analysis is fully automated in a closed loop using the features of commercial software MATLAB. The guidance algorithm is simulated with the help of aerodynamic data. Control law is not used for obtaining the desired deflections of the control surfaces rather reverse aerodynamics are used to calculate the commanded accelerations which are implied by the guidance system. The addition required in aerodynamics coefficients are calculated through reverse aerodynamics which are later on used to calculate the deflections required. These deflections are passed through actuator dynamics to obtain real deflections. The deflections obtained from actuator are then passed to aerodynamic block to calculate the desired aerodynamic forces. The forces update the current information and LOS (line of sight) of the guidance block thus creating a closed loop system. This technique has a unique solution for a unique guidance algorithm thus ensuring the path followed by the SAM is only dependent on guidance algorithm. This enables an efficient way to diagnose which guidance algorithm is suitable for a particular system without getting into the complexity of updating the controller and re-tuning of controller gains.

Involvement of Yellow-y in the cuticle pigmentation of the larvae, pupae and adults in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata

Wang Pei,Ze Long-Ji,Jin Lin,Li Guo-Qing 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.1

Yellow-y (Y-y) contributes to the accumulation of melanins in insect cuticle. However, the underlining mecha nism requires further investigation. Two classical hypotheses have been proposed: Y-y acts as a dopachrome conversion enzyme (DCE) to accelerate biosynthesis of melanins; alternatively, Y-y serves as a cuticular anchor for pigments. Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a serious defoliator attacking Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae plants. The beetle shows a species-specific pigmentation pattern: stage-dependent dark patches are distributed on pale-yellow background. Here we noted that RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of Hvyellow-y at the newly-ecdysed second- and third-instar larval, and 1-day-old prepupal stages changed coloration in both dark patches and pale-yellow background. Black pigmentation was lightened in the Hvy-y hypomorphs, including various body portions such as larval heads, antennae, mouthparts, scoli, strumae, legs and exuviae, pupal and adult thoraces and abdomens, and adult elytra and hindwings. Moreover, the coloration background was yel lowed in the RNAi beetles. Specifically, more yellow pigments were observed to deposit around the black dorsal markings in the hypomorphic pupal metathorax. Furthermore, the boundaries between black patches and yellow background were distinct in the resultant ladybirds. Similarly, the margins around bristle follicles and droplet spots were not fuzzy within the RNAi pupal black patches. In summary, even though Y-y facilitates the pigmentation in H. vigintioctopunctata exocuticle, our data did not support the pigment anchor hypothesis.

A study on left ventricular hypertrophy, QTc dispersion and hemodynamic differences in GXT according to excessive endurance exercise

( Piao Shun-zhe ),( Jin Zhong-xuan ),( Wang Guan ),( Zhao Ze-lin ),( Mu Yi-gang ),( Wen Jian-fei ),( Wang Xing ),( Il Su Kwon ),( Young Nam Cha ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한운동사협회 2020 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2020 No.-

Effects of TMR Feeding of Different Nutrition Level for Growing Dairy Goats

Kwang Seok Ki,Ze Lin Jin,Hyun June Lee,Sang Bum Kim,Yang Seung-Hak,Young Soon Lim,Won Mo Cho,Hyeon Shup Kim,Joon Mo Yeo 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate growth performance in dairy goats (Saanen) fed total mixed ration (TMR) of different nutrition levels. Twenty four growing female goats of 8 months of age were randomly assigned to one of four TMRs; low energy-low crude protein (CP) TMR (control), high energy-low CP TMR (T1), low energy-high CP TMR (T3) and high energy-high CP TMR (T4). The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP in the control diet were 64% and 12%. The TDN content of the high energy TMR was 72% and the CP content of the high CP TMR was 14%. Feed intakes were 1,194g, 1,060g and 1,124g for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, being higher than control (1,039g). Average daily gain was also numerically higher for T1 (170.2g), T2 (114.5g) and T3 (154.9g) than for control (109.0g). The difference of average daily gain between T1 and control was statistically significant (P<0.05). Although there were no significant differences in feed intake (% of body weight) between treatments, feed conversion ratios showed different responses; T1 (7.01) and T3 (7.26) being higher than T2 (9.26) and control (9.53). The increases of heart girth were 11.8㎝, 10.0㎝ and 11.4㎝ for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, being higher than control (8.1㎝).