朝鮮三邊帶動戰略對延邊與朝鮮經貿合作的影響 : 북한 경제특구 개발전략이 연변과 북한의 경제협력에 미치는 영향 Its Impact on Yanbian North Koreas Economic Cooperation

林今淑 조선대학교 지역사회발전연구원 2003 地域發展硏究 Vol.8 No.1

1991년 12월 나진 선봉지역이 자유경제무역지대로 설정되였는데 이는 북한의 첫번째로 되는 경제특구로서 외국의 자본과 기술을 유입하기 위한 대외개방의 중대한 조치였다. 그 후 2002년 9월 북한은 "신의주특별행정구기본법"을 공포한데 이어 11월에 는 개성공단의 설립을 선포하였다. 이로써 북한은 북쪽의 나진 선봉, 서쪽의 신의주, 남쪽의 개성, 3각을 이루는 세 개의 경제특구를 설정하였는데 이는 한국, 중국, 러시아 등 나라들의 자본과 기술을 유치하여 당면에 직면하고 있는 심각한 경제난을 해소하고 하루 속히 경제회생을 도모하려는데 그 전략목표를 두고 있다. 물론 이러저러한 주관적, 객관적 원인으로 북한의 경제특구들은 아직까지 그 기능을 제대로 발휘하고 있지 못하지만 상기한 3각 발전전략이 순조롭게 실시될 경우 연변조선족 자치주의 경계발전에 적지 않는 영향을 받을 것으로 예상된다. 첫째, 현재 연변의 대북무역은 중국의 대북국경무역의 21%를 점하고 있는데 신의주특구가 가동될 경우, 이로 인해 연변의 대북무역이 감소될 것이다. 둘째, 당면 연변에 진출한 외국기업의 다수는 한국기업체들인데 신의주특구, 개성공단의 가동으로 인하여 연변의 외자유치가 크게 위축될 것이다. 때문에 지금부터 연변의 우세를 충분히 이용하여 최대한도로 상기 영향을 감소시킬 준비가 되여 있어야 하겠다.

한·중 산업 내 무역확대의 원인 및 양국 경제에 미치는 영향

림금숙 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2007 한국민족문화 Vol.29 No.-

In the modern international economic activity, parallel trade has become an important factor which affects international division of labor and promotes the infant and leading industry. Since Korea and China established the diplomatic relations, trade between the two countries has developed fast. Meanwhile, the structure of goods import and exports has changed from trade among industries in early days to parallel trade. China is a country which has changed from planned economic system tomarket economic system. In many areas, China has taken the special economic policies, for example, the processing trade policy in the foreign trade. So, the common theory of parallel trade is difficult to offer a very adequate explanation for the parallel trade between Korea and China. Therefore, the thesis tries to analyze the reasons for the parallel trade between Korea and China in accordance with the concrete situations, for example, Chinese foreign trade way in which the processing trade is a major, the way foreign business enterprises invest in China, the upgrade of Chinese industry structure, and so on. The parallel trade index measurement make sure the nature of trade inside industries between Korea and China. Parallel trade between Korea and China plays an active role in enlarging the foreign trade volume of the two countries, strengthening the industry cooperation, and improving the international competition ability of enterprises. At the present, parallel trade between Korea and China focuses on the followed six areas, electron, steel ,motorcar, petrol chemical industry, machine, and fiber. Investment of Korean enterprises in China also focuses on these areas. So, in the future, the parallel trade between the two countries will develop among these areas. The research of the subject is somewhat theoretically and practically meaningful to enlarge the foreign tradevolume, strengthen the industry cooperation of two countries and promote the upgrade of Chinese industry structure.

Destructive Encephalopathy를 보인 Incontinentia Pigmenti 1예

한진규,최재철,박민규,박건우,은백린,정지태,이대희 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

일일초 세포생장에 촉진물질이 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김린주,정욱진,권혁민,김두회 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The effects of fatty acids related with elicitation mechanism were investigated in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. The specific growth rate in control culture was 0,17 to 2.0 day-¹ and the cell doubling time(td) showed 3.5 to 4 days. The highest specific growth rate was obtained when the inoculum was added at 4g FCW, compared with 2 and 3 g FCW inoculum. The suspension cells were cultured at various concentrations of fatty acids and fatty acid was added at different culture time. The addition of methyl jasmonate among fatty acids only showed the slight promoting effect on cell growth but others did not show any increasing effect. The best injection period of fatty acid to promote the cell growth was the inoculation time.

마임 건강식품 홍삼진을 이용한 전통과 모던의 융합적 브랜드 이벤트 프로모션 산업체 연계를 통한 아트, 디자인, 공학, 마케팅 융합 디자인을 중심으로-

길혜경,박민지,이하은,조예린,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 융합 연출 디자인 이라는 목적에서 출발하여 마임 브랜드 홍삼진 제품을 다각적 측면에서 기획 및 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 3월~ 6월 15주 동안 숙명여대 환경디자인학과<융합 캡스톤 디자인>수업을 통해 이루어졌다. 또한 본 연구는 마임브랜드 중, 건강식품을 브랜딩하고 있는 <홍삼 진>을 선택하였다. 그 결과 본 연구는 기존 이벤트 프로모션과 전시의 사회적 문제를 도출하였고, 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로서 전통과 현대의 융합의 오감적 체험 프로모션을 주제로 선정하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 SWOT/STP 마케 팅 분석 방법과 브레인스토밍을 사용하여 아트, 디자인, ICT, Marketing의 융합 브랜드를 구축하였다.끝으로 본 연구는 향후 마케팅을 기반한 융합 브랜드 개발에 있어 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity

Lin, Xiao-Li,Niu, De,Hu, Zi-Liang,Kim, Dae Heon,Jin, Yin Hua,Cai, Bin,Liu, Peng,Miura, Kenji,Yun, Dae-Jin,Kim, Woe-Yeon,Lin, Rongcheng,Jin, Jing Bo Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.4

<P>COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. However, how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown. Here we show that SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification enhances COP1 activity. Loss-of-function siz1 mutant seedlings exhibit a weak constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. SIZ1 physically interacts with COP1 and mediates the sumoylation of COP1. A K193R substitution in COP1 blocks its SUMO modification and reduces COP1 activity in vitro and in planta. Consistently, COP1 activity is reduced in siz1 and the level of HY5, a COP1 target protein, is increased in siz1. Sumoylated COP1 may exhibits higher transubiquitination activity than does non-sumoylated COP1, but SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification does not affect COP1 dimerization, COP1-HY5 interaction, and nuclear accumulation of COP1. Interestingly, prolonged light exposure reduces the sumoylation level of COP1, and COP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of SIZ1. These regulatory mechanisms may maintain the homeostasis of COP1 activity, ensuing proper photomorphogenic development in changing light environment. Our genetic and biochemical studies identify a function for SIZ1 in photomorphogenesis and reveal a novel SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase, COP1, in plants.</P>

Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison Study Based on End Plate Subsidence and Cystic Change in Individuals Older and Younger than 65 Years

Lin, Guang-Xun,Quillo-Olvera, Javier,Jo, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Hyeong-Jin,Covarrubias-Rosas, Claudia Angelica,Jin, Chengzhen,Kim, Jin-Sung Elsevier 2017 World neurosurgery Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To compare the outcomes between patients older and younger than 65 years who underwent single-level minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) surgery.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This study is a retrospective analysis of 76 patients who underwent MI-TLIF between April 2012 and June 2016. Group A consisted of 35 patients (<65 years) and group B consisted of 41 patients (≥65 years). Intraoperative data were recorded. The evaluation of clinical outcomes was based on the visual analog scale for back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index. Radiologic outcomes including cage subsidence, end plate cyst formation, and fusion rate were assessed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The mean age of the study subjects was 65.3 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 18.98 months. Group B had a higher rate of comorbidities compared with group A (90.24% vs. 57.14%, respectively; <I>P</I> < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of complications between the groups (group A, 14.29%; group B, 17.07%). Clinical outcomes significantly improved in both groups postoperatively (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Although bony fusion in group A was slightly higher than that in group B, the fusion rate was not statistically different according to age. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of cage subsidence or positive cyst sign between the groups.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>MI-TLIF presented similar safeness and acceptable outcomes and complication rate in both groups. Cyst formation may be aggravated by cage subsidence, because cage subsidence was a useful potential predictor of cyst formation.</P>

Fabrication of transparent MgAl₂O₄ from commercial nanopowders by hot-pressing without sintering additive

Zhu, Lin-Lin,Park, Young-Jo,Gan, Lin,Go, Shin-Il,Kim, Ha-Neul,Kim, Jin-Myung,Ko, Jae-Woong North-Holland 2018 Materials letters Vol.219 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Transparent magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) ceramics were successfully fabricated for the first time using commercially available nanopowders without sintering additive by a single hot-press step process. This method does not involve all the complexity of powder, green body pre-treatment and post-treatment, which are commonly used in the fabricating process. Effects of holding time (3–12 h) at the sintering temperature 1500 °C on the transmittance, microstructure and Vickers microhardness are investigated. The highest transmittance is achieved for the sample hot pressed at 1500 °C for 12 h, which exhibits 80.2% at the wavelength of 1100 nm. These results may provide a guide for understanding the microstructural development of transparent spinel without sintering additive.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pure MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> transparent ceramic was prepared by a single hot-press step. </LI> <LI> The transmittance of the sample at 1500 °C for 12 h reached 80.2% at 1100 nm. </LI> <LI> The Vickers microhardness decreases from 15.1 to 12.5 GPa with holding time from 3 to 12 h. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Fabrication and characterization of highly transparent Er:Y₂O₃ ceramics with ZrO₂ and La₂O₃ additives

Zhu, Lin-Lin,Park, Young-Jo,Gan, Lin,Go, Shin-Il,Kim, Ha-Neul,Kim, Jin-Myung,Ko, Jae-Woong Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.16

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we report highly transparent Er:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics (0–10at% Er) fabricated by a vacuum sintering method using compound sintering additives of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. The transmittance, microstructure, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Er:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics were evaluated. The in-line transmittance of all of the Er:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics (1.2mm thick) exceeds 83% at 1100nm and 81% at 600nm. With an increase in the Er doping concentration from 0 to 10at%, the average grain size, microhardness and fracture toughness remain nearly unchanged, while the thermal conductivity decreases slightly from 5.55 to 4.89W/mK. A nearly homogeneous doping level of the laser activator Er up to 10at% in macro-and nanoscale was measured along the radial direction from the center to the edge of a disk specimen, which is the prominent advantage of polycrystalline over single-crystal materials. Based on the finding of excellent optical and mechanical properties, the compound sintering additives of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> are demonstrated to be effective for the fabrication of transparent Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics. These results may provide a guideline for the application of transparent Er:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> laser ceramics.</P>

Effects of ZrO₂-La₂O₃ co-addition on the microstructural and optical properties of transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics

Zhu, Lin-Lin,Park, Young-Jo,Gan, Lin,Go, Shin-Il,Kim, Ha-Neul,Kim, Jin-Myung,Ko, Jae-Woong Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Commercial Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> powder was used to fabricate Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics sintered at 1600°C and 1800°C with concurrent addition of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> as sintering aids. One group with different contents of La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (0–10mol%) with a fixed amount of 1mol% ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and another group with various contents of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> (0–7mol%) with a fixed amount of 10mol% La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> were compared to investigate the effects of co-doping on the microstructural and optical properties of Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics. At low sintering temperature of 1600°C, the sample single doped with 10mol% La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> exhibits much denser microstructure with a few small intragranular pores while the samples with ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> co-doping features a lot of large intergranular pores leading to lower density. When the sintering temperature increases to 1800°C, samples using composite sintering aids exhibit finer microstructures and better optical properties than those of both ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> single-doped samples. It was proved that the grain growth suppression caused by ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> overwhelms the acceleration by La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Meanwhile, 1mol% ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> acts as a very important inflection point with regard to the influence of additive concentration on the transmittance, pore structure and grain size. The highest in-line transmittance of Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramic (1.2mm in thickness) with 3mol% of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and 10mol% of La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> sintered at 1800°C for 16h is 81.9% at a wavelength of 1100nm, with an average grain size of 11.2µm.</P>