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Variability of Transrectal Shear Wave Elastography in a Phantom Model
Jihyun Lee,Seong Kuk Yoon,Jin Han Cho,Hee Jin Kwon,Dong Won Kim,Jun Woo Lee 대한영상의학회 2023 대한영상의학회지 Vol.84 No.5
Purpose This study aimed to assess the variability of transrectal shear wave elastography (SWE) using a designed phantom. Materials and Methods In a phantom, the SWE values were examined by two radiologists using agarose and emulsion silicone of different sizes (1, 2, and 3 cm) and shapes (round, cubic) at three depths (1, 2, and 3 cm), two region of interest (ROI) and locations (central, peripheral) using two ultrasound machines (A, B from different vendors). Variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). Results The CVs decreased with increasing phantom size. Significant changes in SWE values included; agarose phantom at 3 cm depth (p < 0.001; machine A), 1 cm depth (p = 0.01; machine B), emulsion silicone at 2 cm depth (p = 0.047, p = 0.020; both machines). The CVs increased with increasing depth. Significant changes in SWE values included; 1 cm agarose (p = 0.037, p = 0.021; both machines) and 2 cm agarose phantom (p = 0.047; machine A). Significant differences in SWE values were observed between the shapes for emulsion silicone phantom (p = 0.032; machines A) and between ROI locations on machine B (p ≤ 0.001). The SWE values differed significantly between the two machines (p < 0.05). The intra-/inter-operator agreements were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). Conclusion The phantom size, depth, and different machines affected the variability of transrectal SWE.
( Jihyun An ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Gi-ae Kim ),( Hyung Don Kim ),( Seong-bong Han ),( Danbi Lee ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Yung Sang Lee ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Recent study suggested that telbivudine (LdT) may have similar efficacy in reducing Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer compared with pegylated interferon. We aimed to investigate whether telbivudine could further decrease HBsAg titer in the patients who maintained undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA after initial entecavir (entecavir) treatment. Methods: In this open-label, single-center study, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to switch to telbivudine (n=47) or continue with entecavir (n=50). HBV DNA, HBsAg titer, and liver biochemistry were performed at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 48. Mutational analysis was checked at the time of HBV DNA relapse. Results: Median baseline HBsAg levels were comparable between LdT and entecavir groups (3.43 vs. 3.40 log10IU/mL, P=0.427). At 48 weeks of follow-up, median HBsAg titer was not significantly different between LdT and entecavir arm (3.37 vs. 3.39 log10 IU/mL, P=0.653). The decline in mean HBsAg over 48 weeks was also similar (-0.03 ± 0.14 vs. -0.05 ± 0.11 log10IU/mL, P=0.568). Viral breakthrough (VBT), mostly along with genotypic resistance, was significantly more frequent in LdT group compared with those with entecavir (19.1% vs. 0%, P=0.001 for VBT, and 14.9% vs. 0%, P=0.005 for emergence of antiviral resistance). One patient developed myopathy on LdT treatment and recovered after discontinuation of drug. Conclusions: Sequential therapy using entecavir followed by LdT did not show additional benefit on reducing HBsAg titer compared with entecavir continuation. Switching to LdT was associated with higher rate of VBT and resistance development during 48 weeks.
Jihyun Park,Seong-Woong Kang,Won Ah Choi,Yewon Lee,Han Eol Cho 대한재활의학회 2020 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.44 No.2
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS) is a rare distal arthrogryposis syndrome. There are few reports on the respiratory insufficiency of FSS. Additionally, there is no detailed information on pulmonary functional evaluation. A 17-year-old male patient with FSS developed respiratory failure, leading him to be admitted to hospital several times for evaluation and treatment. Of those times he was admitted, two were due to pneumonia. His pulmonary functions were indicative of a restrictive lung disease potentially caused by severe scoliosis. After a non-invasive ventilatorwas applied correctly to the patient, pulmonary hypertension was normalized. His pulmonary function has been maintained for 13 years. Since receiving proper respiratory care, which includes assisted coughing methods, the patient has not developed pneumonia. It is important to properly evaluate the pulmonary function of patients who have FSS and scoliosis to eliminate the risk of long-term respiratory complications.
Growth and Photosynthesis of Young Cymbidium as Influenced by Supplemental Lighting Timing
Jihyun Park,Seong Kwang An,Hyo Beom Lee,Ju Hee Lee,Ki Sun Kim 한국화훼학회 2020 화훼연구 Vol.28 No.3
The effects of supplemental lighting (SL) timing on vegetative growth and the photosynthetic assimilation rate of young Cymbidium hybrids were examined. Nine month old C. ‘Yang Guifei’ and ‘Wine Shower’ were treated with four different SL timings: 22:00 – 02:00 (middle of the night, MN); 17:00 – 21:00 (end of day extension, DE); 07:00 – 09:00 plus 17:00 – 19:00 (both beginning and end of the night as split day extension, SDE), and non SL (8/16 h, short day, SD) for 4 months. All SL were provided by two types of 100% red LEDs (640 and 660 nm), with 150 μmol・m-2 ・s-1 and 800 μmol・mol-1 of CO2 supplied during the night (16 h). Pseudobulb diameters were significantly higher under SL treatments compared with the SD of both cultivars, irrespective of SL timing. Net photosynthetic assimilation rates were enhanced with increased SL, due to the additional photosynthesis and reduction of dark respiration. Thus, daily net photosynthetic amounts of SL treatments effectively increased photosynthesis compared to the SD. These results indicate that SL helps promote vegetative growth by enhancing photosynthesis. Since there were no significant differences among the SL timings when CO2 was provided uniformly during the night, we concluded that growth and photosynthesis of young Cymbidium do not depend on the timing of SL application, but are related to the daily light integrals, which is the amount of photosynthetically active photons delivered over 24 hours.
Jihyun Hwang,Heeju Jun,Seoye Roh,Seong Jae Lee,Jeong Min Mun,Seung Wook Kim,Min-Yu Chung,In-Hwan Kim,Byung Hee Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
We prepared 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol (POP)-rich fats with reduced levels of diacylglycerols (DAGs), adversely affecting the tempering of chocolate, via two-step hexane fractionation of palm stearin. Cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) were fabricated by blending the as-prepared fats with 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol (SOS)-rich fats obtained by hexane fractionation of degummed shea butter. POP-rich fats achieved under the best conditions for the fractionation of palm stearin had a significantly lower DAG content (1.6 w/w%) than that in the counterpart (4.6 w/w%) prepared by the previously reported method. The CBEs fabricated by blending the POP- and SOS-rich fats in a weight ratio of 40:60 contained 63.7 w/w% total symmetric monounsaturated triacylglycerols, and 1.3 w/w% DAGs, which was not substantially different from the DAG content in cocoa butter (1.1 w/w%). Based on the solid-fat content results, it was concluded that, when these CBEs were used for chocolate manufacture, they blended with cocoa butter at levels up to 40 w/w%, without distinctively altering the hardness and melting behavior of cocoa butter.