Maximizing the Lifetime of Embedded Systems Powered by Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrids

Jianli Zhuo,Chakrabarti, C.,Kyungsoo Lee,Naehyuck Chang,Vrudhula, S. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2009 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.17 No.1

<P>Fuel cell (FC) is a viable alternative power source for portable applications; it has higher energy density than traditional Li-ion battery and thus can achieve longer lifetime for the same weight or volume. However, because of its limited power density, it can hardly track fast fluctuations in the load current of digital systems. A hybrid power source, which consists of a FC and a Li-ion battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load following capabilities. In this paper, we consider the problem of extending the lifetime of a fuel-cell-based hybrid source that is used to provide power to an embedded system which supports dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). We propose an energy-based optimization framework that considers the characteristics of both the energy consumer (the embedded system) and the energy provider (the hybrid power source). We use this framework to develop algorithms that determine the output power level of the FC and the scaling factor of the DVS processor during task scheduling. Simulations on task traces based on a real-application (Path Finder) and a randomized version demonstrate significant superiority of our algorithms with respect to a conventional DVS algorithm which only considers energy minimization of the embedded system.</P>

On the modeling and simulation of the nonlinear dynamic response of NEMS via a couple of nonlocal strain gradient theory and classical beam theory

Zhao, Jian,Yu, Zhuo Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.11 No.5

In the present research, the dynamic characteristics of the nanoscale tubes and pipes with nonuniform cross-sections are examined. The aforementioned nanostructures are made by imperfect axially functionally graded materials (AFGM) that compose ceramic and metal phases along the tube length direction, involving the porous voids. To this purpose, the Hamilton principle is implemented to obtaining the governing equation and related boundary conditions using classical beam theory coupled to the nonlinear Von-Kármán theory. In order to apply the size impact, the nonlocal strain gradient theory is considered that both hardening and softening parameters are involved. Also, iteration techniques, including the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), are used to solve linear and nonlinear derived partial differential equations (PDE). Finally, the obtained results are explained in detail to investigate the impact of nonlinear amplitude, nonlocal and strain gradient parameter, porosity parameter, etc., for both clamped and simply-supported types of boundary conditions, which are helpful to design the nanoelectromechanical structures (NEMS).

Attention and Working Memory Task- Load Dependent Activation Increase with Deactivation Decrease after Caffeine Ingestion

Wei Peng,Jian Zhang,Da Chang,Zhuo-Wen Shen,Yuanqi Shang,Donghui Song,Qiu Ge,Xuchu Weng,Ze Wang 대한자기공명의과학회 2017 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant. It is often adopted as a tool to modulate brain activations in fMRI studies. However, its pharmaceutical effect on task-induced deactivation has not been fully examined in fMRI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on both activation and deactivation under sustained attention. Materials and Methods: Task fMRI was acquired from 26 caffeine naive healthy volunteers before and after taking caffeine pill (200 mg). Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in cognition-load dependent task activation but a decrease in load dependent de-activation after caffeine ingestion. Increase of attention and memory task activation and its load-dependence suggest a beneficial effect of caffeine on the brain even though it has no overt behavior improvement. The reduction of deactivation by caffeine and its load-dependence indicate reduced facilitation from task-negative networks. Conclusion: Caffeine affects brain activity in a load-dependent manner accompanied by a disassociation between task-positive network and task-negative network.

High Resolution Melting Analysis for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissue and Plasma Free DNA from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Jing, Chang-Wen,Wang, Zhuo,Cao, Hai-Xia,Ma, Rong,Wu, Jian-Zhong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background:The aim of the research was to explore a cost effective, fast, easy to perform, and sensitive method for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing. Methods: High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of the analysis for dectecting EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and plasma free DNA from 120 patients. Results: The total EGFR mutation rate was 37.5% (45/120) detected by direct sequencing. There were 48 mutations in 120 FFPE tissues assessed by HRM. For plasma free DNA, the EGFR mutation rate was 25.8% (31/120). The sensitivity of HRM assays in FFPE samples was 100% by HRM. There was a low false-positive mutation rate but a high false-negative rate in plasma free DNA detected by HRM. Conclusions: Our results show that HRM analysis has the advantage of small tumor sample need. HRM applied with plasma free DNA showed a high false-negative rate but a low false-positive rate. Further research into appropriate methods and analysis needs to be performed before HRM for plasma free DNA could be accepted as an option in diagnostic or screening settings.

Attention and Working Memory Task-Load Dependent Activation Increase with Deactivation Decrease after Caffeine Ingestion

Peng, Wei,Zhang, Jian,Chang, Da,Shen, Zhuo-Wen,Shang, Yuanqi,Song, Donghui,Ge, Qiu,Weng, Xuchu,Wang, Ze Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2017 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant. It is often adopted as a tool to modulate brain activations in fMRI studies. However, its pharmaceutical effect on task-induced deactivation has not been fully examined in fMRI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on both activation and deactivation under sustained attention. Materials and Methods: Task fMRI was acquired from 26 caffeine naive healthy volunteers before and after taking caffeine pill (200 mg). Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in cognition-load dependent task activation but a decrease in load dependent de-activation after caffeine ingestion. Increase of attention and memory task activation and its load-dependence suggest a beneficial effect of caffeine on the brain even though it has no overt behavior improvement. The reduction of deactivation by caffeine and its load-dependence indicate reduced facilitation from task-negative networks. Conclusion: Caffeine affects brain activity in a load-dependent manner accompanied by a disassociation between task-positive network and task-negative network.

Corroded and loosened bolt detection of steel bolted joint based on improved you only look once network and line segment detector

Hao Wang,Youhao Ni,Jian-Xiao Mao,Yuguang Fu,Zhuo Xi 국제구조공학회 2023 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.32 No.1

Steel bolted joint is an important part of steel structure, and its damage directly affects the bearing capacity and durability of steel structure. Currently, the existing research mainly focuses on the identification of corroded bolts and corroded bolts respectively, and there are few studies on multiple states. A detection framework of corroded and loosened bolts is proposed in this study, and the innovations can be summarized as follows: (i) Vision Transformer (ViT) is introduced to replace the third and fourth C3 module of you-only-look-once version 5s (YOLOv5s) algorithm, which increases the attention weights of feature channels and the feature extraction capability. (ii) Three states of the steel bolts are considered, including corroded bolt, bolt missing and clean bolt. (iii) Line segment detector (LSD) is introduced for bolt rotation angle calculation, which realizes bolt looseness detection. The improved YOLOv5s model was validated on the dataset, and the mean average precision (mAP) was increased from 0.902 to 0.952. In terms of a lab-scale joint, the performance of the LSD algorithm and the Hough transform was compared from different perspective angles. The error value of bolt loosening angle of the LSD algorithm is controlled within 1.09%, less than 8.91% of the Hough transform. Furthermore, the proposed framework was applied to fullscale joints of a steel bridge in China. Synthetic images of loosened bolts were successfully identified and the multiple states were well detected. Therefore, the proposed framework can be alternative of monitoring steel bolted joints for management department.

Association of Leptin Receptor Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg Polymorphisms with Increased Risk of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mu, Hui-Jun,Zou, Jian,Xie, Ping,Xu, Zhuo-Qun,Ruan, Jun,Yang, Shu-Dong,Yin, Ying Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

Background: Although roles of genetic polymorphisms of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene in several cancers have been documented, the association between polymorphisms of LEPR and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore any relation. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 77 patients with CC-RCC and 161 healthy control subjects. Polymorphism analyses of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg were performed by direct DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches respectively. Results: Comparisons of allelic and genotypic frequencies in Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg showed no significant difference between the cases and controls. However, when evaluating the combined genotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg, risk with GG/GG was increased (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.04-3.30) and with GA/GG or GG/GA was decreased (OR=0.07, 95%CI=0.01-0.54; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero). Furthermore, the G-G haplotype frequency of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg in the cases was higher (OR=1.68; 95%CI=1.02-2.76). In contrast, the A-G and G-A haplotype frequencies in the cases were lower than those in the controls (OR=0.06; 95%CI=0.01 to 0.47; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero). In addition, the Lys109Arg A allele was in LD with the Gln223Arg A allele (d'=0.9399) in the CC-RCC subjects, but not in the controls. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the GG/GG combined genotype and G-G haplotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg can act as evaluating factors for CC-RCC risk.

Chemical profiling and antioxidants screening from natural products: using CiNingJi as an example

Yida Zhang,Peiyan Zheng,Guanyu Yan,Yue Zhuo,Jian-lin Wu,Baoqing Sun 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.4

Natural products with good antioxidative prop- erties have been paid increased attention globally. How- ever, due to its chemical complexity, it is difficult to find out its antioxidative compounds. Herein, the chemical profiling and antioxidant capacity of CiNingJi (CNJ) were analyzed, as an example. By using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, a total of 82 compounds were tentatively deduced. Further- more, its free radical scavenging capacity was assessed by different in vitro spectrophotometric-based assays. The result showed that one ingredient, Rosa roxburghii, plays a critical role in its antioxidant activity. In addition, 18 potential antioxidants were screened out in CNJ by com- paring the difference of it with and without DPPH reaction. They were identified mainly as catechin, ellagic acid, kajiichigoside F1, and their derivatives or isomers. With the further quantification of major found antioxidants, our results may provide some knowledge on predicting the antioxidative compounds of natural products.

Modelling of Acoustic Waves Propagating in Nesting Fibonacci Super-Lattice Phononic Crystal

Min Zhao,Hai-Feng Qi,Jia-Hui Xu,Ya-Zhuo Xie,Xing-Gan Zhang,Jian Gao 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.4

Herein, we report construction of one kind of nesting-Fibonacci-super-lattice phononic crystal, in whichthe super-lattice cell is a well-defined Fibonacci generation sequence. We present a comparative study onband-gap structures of acoustic waves propagating in one-dimensional, nesting Fibonacci-periodic structureand simple-periodic structure. We find that there are more band gaps in nesting Fibonacci super-latticemodels, and that they present behavior different from the split-up of band gaps with different generationnumbers. With the increase of generation number, more band gaps split and occur. Additionally, whengeneration number becomes larger, Bragg scattering becomes more significant: the characteristic curvesbecome flatter and band gaps become wider. Furthermore, we study the effect of various parameters suchas density, thickness and defects on band-gap structures. Our work is significant both for understandingthe intrinsic physical properties of nesting Fibonacci sequences and for providing flexible choices to meetreal engineering requirements.

Two New Phenolic Compounds from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma tropicum

Hu, Li-Li,Ma, Qing-Yun,Huang, Sheng-Zhuo,Guo, Zhi-Kai,Guo, Jian-Chun,Dai, Hao-Fu,Zhao, You-Xing Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.3

Chemical investigation of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma tropicum led to the isolation of two new phenolic compounds, ganodermatropins A (1) and B (2). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Ganodermatropin A exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.