Evidence for correlation between land use and PM10 hotspot explored by entropy weight

JeongHee Ha,DongHyeun Yoon,고준환 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.5

According to recent studies on air pollution, air quality is deteriorating further because of PM10 arising from external factors such as yellow dust and vehicle exhaust gases flying from China and fossil fuel used for winter heating in China every yellow dust season, and internal factors such as traffic, industrial activities, etc. This has a bad effect on citizens’ healthy life by aggravating respiratory diseases and lowering pulmonary function. However, the location information about PM10 measurement currently provided by the Ministry of Environment is limited and insufficient to reflect the information of all areas. Thus, hotspot areas of PM10 concentration were derived by this study using spatial interpolation methods to estimate unmeasured points based on the measured data of urban air monitoring networks targeting Seoul city. As a result, high PM10 concentration was found centering largely on the southwestern area. Also, an analysis of the correlation with the areas by land use was conducted to identify the spatial characteristics of PM10 hotspot areas showing a spatial pattern of relatively high concentration. The result of the correlation analysis showed that there existed a positive correlation between industrial and residential areas and PM10 hotspot areas. This means that air pollution level varies according to spatial characteristics and that there exist areas to be preferentially managed according to land use status. This seems to be a ground to provide air pollution information by land use status at the time of policy decision making by region for urban planning and development.

Structural Distributions of Numeral Expressions in Korean

Jeonghee Byun,Seungwan Ha 서울대학교 언어교육원 2015 語學硏究 Vol.51 No.1

In this paper, we aim to analyze the structural distribution of three types of numeral expressions in Korean. The first type is bare numerals, the second is numerals combined with a classifier and -uy, (i.e. Num-CL-uy), and the third is numerals with a classifier (i.e. Num-CL) in post-nominal position. We show that the bare numeral serves as a boundary between low and high modifiers (NP vs. FP modifiers); that is, it is placed right above NP modifiers and below FP modifiers that are affixed with the relative clause marker -n. Following Hong (2010) and An (2014), we argue that -uy in the Num-CL-uy form is a marker of FP modifiers as it can alternate with other FP modifiers in linear order. Finally, we attempt to derive post-nominal Num-CL without the uy marker and argue that the Num-CL form is derived by NP movement to SpecFP.

On the Concavity of the Sum-Rate Function in OFDM Systems

Jeonghee Chi,Jieun Kim,Youjung Ha,Hyang-Won Lee IEEE 2014 IEEE communications letters Vol.18 No.9

<P>We study the power allocation problem for maximizing the sum rate in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems, where multiple point-to-point links share a set of subcarriers. This problem is hard to solve, in general, due to its nonconvexity. In this letter, we characterize the conditions for the problem to be convex, in which case the problem can be solved efficiently using known algorithms such as gradient projection method. We validate our analysis through simulations.</P>

한국의 가짜 자영업 추정을 통해서 본 비정규 근로자 규모의 오류

서정희(Seo, Jeonghee),박경하(Park, Kyung Ha) 한국사회정책학회 2016 한국사회정책 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 가짜 자영업자를 고려하고 있지 않은 비정규직 근로자 규모 추정 방식의 한계를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 가짜 자영업자는 근로관계의 실질에서 근로자처럼 종속성이 존재함에도 불구하고 자영업자로 간주하는 위장된 고용관계를 의미한다. 기존의 비정규직 근로의 규모 추정 방식은 실질적으로 임금근로자이지만 비임금 근로로 분류된 가짜 자영업자들을 추정에서 제외시키는 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 한국노동패널 자료 11차년도(2008년)-16차년도(2013) 자료를 토대로 가짜 자영업자를 추정하고, 이를 임금근로에 반영하여 비정규직 근로자 규모의 변화를 예측하였다. 관측기간 중에서 2013년도에 이르면 가짜 자영업자는 사업장이 없는 자영업자 중에서 28.5%를 차지할 만큼 규모가 크다. 또한 가짜 자영업자로 분류된 인원을 임금근로자중 특수형태근로 종사자로 재배치하여 비정규직 규모를 추정하였는데, 이러한 추정방식에 따르면 가짜 자영업 인원이 반영된 특수형태근로자 비중은 한 해 만을 제외하고 임금근로자의 4.0% 이상을 유지할 만큼 높게 나타나 정부에서 발표한 규모는 현실보다 과소 추정되었다고 볼 수 있다. 통계청에서 공식적으로 발표한 임금근로자수에 특수형태근로자 비중을 적용한 결과 예측된 인원은 74만 명이 넘는 것으로 추정된다. 우리 사회에서 바람직한 비정규직 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 무엇보다 비정규직 범위와 규모를 합리적으로 도출하는 노력이 요구된다. The aim of this study is to reveal errors in the estimations on the nonstandard workers scale which have resulted from little consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationships that are considered to be self-employed workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous studies estimate that the bogus self-employed workers are excluded from estimations because they are not workers in principle. We analyze the scale of the bogus self-employments using the empirical data [the Korean Welfare Panel of 2008-2013(six wave panel)] to re-estimate the scale of non-standard workers. In 2013, the year of the last wave, the percentage of the bogus self-employment was high, the proportion of them is 28.5% among self-employment without owning a place of business. Our results expect the number of contract workers from re-analysis would be over 740 thousand when reflecting on the predictive value in the actual number of paid workers. In conclusion, it is necessary to apply reasonable methods of analysis concerning the scope and scale of the nonstandard workers for the sake of coping with measures against the problem of nonstandard workers. The aim of this study is to reveal the estimation error on nonstandard workers’ scale which are resulted from having no consideration for bogus self-employment. Bogus self-employment means disguised employment relationship that is considered as self-employment workers even though they have inherent subordination. The methods of previous researches’ estimation on nonstandard workers have the problem that the bogus self-employment workers are excluded from estimation because they are not workers in principle.

Controlled Vacuum Breakdown in Carbon Nanotube Field Emission

Chan-Wook Baik,Jeonghee Lee,Deuk Seok Chung,Jun Hee Choi,In-Taek Han,Ha Jin Kim,Shang Hyeun Park,Sun Il Kim,Yong Wan Jin,Jong-Min Kim,Jin Young Kim,SeGi Yu,Kyu-Ha Jang,Gun-Sik Park IEEE 2007 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY Vol.6 No.6

<P>We report a physical mechanism of controlling vacuum breakdown in field emission from carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The thermal evaporation or runaway of CNT emitters is considered to be responsible for destructive vacuum breakdowns due to an overcurrent through electronically shorted circuits, where misaligned or irregularly long CNT emitters were found. The occurrence of the destructive breakdown, however, could be under control after an electrical treatment using soft breakdowns. Significant improvements of field emission stability and uniformity were achieved by optimally controlled soft breakdowns, which eliminated the short circuits and recovered the field emission with no destruction of electrodes.</P>

Improvement of Field-Emission Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes by Post Electrical Treatment

Chan-Wook Baik,Jeonghee Lee,Deuk Seok Chung,Seong Chan Jun,Jun Hee Choi,Byung Kwon Song,Min Jong Bae,Tae Won Jeong,Jung Na Heo,Yong Wan Jin,Jong-Min Kim,SeGi Yu,Kyu-Ha Jang,Gun-Sik Park Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.54 No.9

<P>The field-emission characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as uniformity and brightness, were improved by electrical treatment using nonstationary electric fields between the cathode of screen-printed CNT emitters and the anode of a phosphor-coated indium-tin-oxide glass substrate in diode configuration. Dead or weak emission spots, where almost no emission of electrons was observed, started to emit electrons by applying an alternating-current voltage to the cathode electrode and a constant voltage to the anode electrode. The nonstationary electrical treatment was more effective than the direct-current (dc) and the square-pulsed electrical treatments for the emission uniformity and brightness. It was found that the nonstationary electrical treatment not only activated CNT emitters but also suppressed abnormally high emission spots without the drawbacks of electrical breakdown. Consequently, more than 1.8 and 1.3 times improvements of emission uniformity and brightness, respectively, were obtained after the treatment, when compared with the dc electrical treatment for the same amount of emission currents and the same duration of the treatments. Therefore, the method can be effectively applied to field-emission devices based on CNTs for the enhancement of emission properties.</P>

TrimZero : A Torch Recurrent Module for Efficient Natural Language Processing

Jin-Hwa Kim,Jeonghee Kim,Jung-Woo Ha,Byoung-Tak Zhang 한국지능시스템학회 2016 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.26 No.1

Dual-memory neural networks for modeling cognitive activities of humans via wearable sensors

Lee, Sang-Woo,Lee, Chung-Yeon,Kwak, Dong-Hyun,Ha, Jung-Woo,Kim, Jeonghee,Zhang, Byoung-Tak Elsevier 2017 Neural networks Vol.92 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wearable devices, such as smart glasses and watches, allow for continuous recording of everyday life in a real world over an extended period of time or lifelong. This possibility helps better understand the cognitive behavior of humans in real life as well as build human-aware intelligent agents for practical purposes. However, modeling the human cognitive activity from wearable-sensor data stream is challenging because learning new information often results in loss of previously acquired information, causing a problem known as catastrophic forgetting. Here we propose a deep-learning neural network architecture that resolves the catastrophic forgetting problem. Based on the neurocognitive theory of the complementary learning systems of the neocortex and hippocampus, we introduce a dual memory architecture (DMA) that, on one hand, slowly acquires the structured knowledge representations and, on the other hand, rapidly learns the specifics of individual experiences. The DMA system learns continuously through incremental feature adaptation and weight transfer. We evaluate the performance on two real-life datasets, the CIFAR-10 image-stream dataset and the 46-day Lifelog dataset collected from Google Glass, showing that the proposed model outperforms other online learning methods.</P>

Identification of <i>ROS1</i> rearrangement in gastric adenocarcinoma

Lee, Jeeyun,Lee, Seung Eun,Kang, So Young,Do, In‐,Gu,Lee, Sujin,Ha, Sang Yun,Cho, Jeonghee,Kang, Won Ki,Jang, Jiryeon,Ou, Sai‐,Hong Ignatius,Kim, Kyoung‐,Mee Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2013 Cancer Vol.119 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Recently, chromosomal rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been described in common epithelial malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. One of these RTKs, c‐ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), has been identified as a driver mutation in NSCLC, because its inhibition by crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)/met proto‐oncogene hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)/ROS1 inhibitor, led to significant tumor shrinkage in <I>ROS1</I>‐rearranged NSCLC. Currently, only human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy has been successful in significantly prolonging the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). There is a need for the discovery of additional novel targets in GC.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>Anti‐ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to screen 495 GC samples and was followed by simultaneous <I>ROS1</I> break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses in IHC‐positive samples. Fusion partners in <I>ROS1</I>‐rearranged GC were determined by RT‐PCR. In all 495 samples, <I>HER2</I> amplification was identified with FISH, and MET expression was identified by IHC.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>Twenty‐three tumor samples were ROS1 IHC‐positive. Three of 23 patients were <I>ROS1</I> FISH positive, <I>HER2</I> FISH negative, and negative for MET overexpression; and 2 of those 3 patients harbored a solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2 (<I>SLC34A2)</I>‐<I>ROS1</I> fusion transcripts. No fusion partner was identified in the third patient. Both patients who had <I>SLC34A2</I>‐<I>ROS1</I> transcripts had poorly differentiated histology with recurrence and death within 2 years of curative surgery. ROS1 IHC‐positive status was not identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>In this study, an <I>SLC34A2</I>‐<I>ROS1</I> rearrangement was identified in GC, and the results provide a rationale for investigating the clinical efficacy of ROS1 inhibitors in this unique molecular subset of GC. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.</P>