태권도 경기중 발차기 기술의 공격유형 및 득점부위별 고찰

安容奎,李載鳳,趙誠曇 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.1

The following was concluded as a result of analysis based on taekwondo games(Total 56 games, 112 athletes) outstanding athletes of colleges parts participated in 1993. The purpose of this study is to examine the result of kicking techniques in the attack first and counter attack in each kicking techniques and the kicking on each body section. 1. The result of each kicking techniques. 1) The total frequency of kicking techniques was 3,478 times, Average frequency per game was 62.11 times in 56 games. And the frequency of kicking technique was as below : Front turning kick : 2,636 times. Back kick : 360 times Hook kick : 297 times Front whipping : 121 times Back whipping : 64 times In the frequency of each kicking techniques were more than other study. 2) The total point of each kicking techniques was 444, Average point per game was 7. 93. The point by each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick :258 points Back kick : 360 times Hook kick: 61 points Front whipping: 13 points Back whipping: 6 points The results had twice(7.93 points) as much as other studies. 3) The scoring rate of each kicking techniques. The scoring rate of all the kicking technique was 12.76, the rate in each kicking technique was as below: Back kick:29.44 Hook kick:20.53 Frint whipping kick:1074 Front turning kick:9.78 Back whipping kick:9.37 The scoring rate in other studies showed highly in the Back kick, Hook kick, Front whipping kick but the scoring rate in this study showed highly in the Back kick Hook kick, Front whipping kick. 2. The result of the attack first in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique. total frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique was 1.905 times, the average frequency per game was 34.01 times and the everage frequency per game of each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick: 28.88 times Hook kick:3.5 times Back kick:1.67 times front whipping kick:0.33 times Back whipping kick:0.21 times The frequency of the attack first(1.905 times) was 54.8% of frequency of all kicking technique. 2) The point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique was 188 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:134 points (2) Hook kick: 42 points (3) Back kick: 10 points (4) Back whipping kick: 2 points The point of Front wipping kick was almost nothing. Average point per game of the attack first in all kicking techniques was 3.35 points. 3) The scoring rate of the attack first in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the attack first in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:21.43 (2) Back whipping kick:16.67 (3) Back kick:10.46 (4) Front turning kick:8.45 Front turning kick was high in the frequency but the scoring rate was relatively low and the scoring rate of Hook kick and Back whipping kick was fairly high. Accordingly, we concluded that the difficult techniques got many point. 3. The result of the counter attack in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique. total frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was 1,573 times, the average frequency per game was 28.08 times and frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:1.573 times (2) Back kick:266 times (3) Front whipping kick:102 times (4) Hook kick:101 times (5) Back whipping kick:52 times The frequency of the counter attack(1.573 times) was 45.2% of frequency of all kicking technique(3.478 times). 2) The point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique was 256 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:124 points (2) Back kick:96 points (3) Hook kick:19 points (4) Front whipping kick:4 points The point of the counter attack showed by Front turning kick and Back kick. Average point per game of the counter attact of kicking technique was 4.57 points. 3) The scoring rate of the counter attack in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below; (1) Back kick:36.09 (2) Hook kick:18.81 (3) Front whipping kick: 12.75 (4) Front turning kick:11.79 (5) Back whipping:7.69 Only, the scoring rate of Hook kick in the counter attack was low, but the scoring rate of other kicking techniques in the counter attack showed fairly high. 4. Comoarative Analysis between the attack first and the counter attack The frequency of the attack first(1,905 times) in total kicking technique was more than that of counter attack(1,573 times) but the point of the attack first (188 points) was lower than that of the counter attack(256 points). Thus, the scoring rate of the counter attack(16.27) was higher than that of the attack first(9.87). The preceding study reported that all the kicking techniques were many used for counter attack but this study showed that Front turning kick and Hook kick were many used for the attack first, and that the players depended on the counter attack, for the counter attack was bettwe than the attack first in gaining points. 5. The result of kicking technique on each body section. The players can attack the face (high section) by all kicking techniques but the frequency of attacking the face was 731 times(21.02), that of attacking the body(middle section) was 2,747 times(78.98) of total frequency(3.478 times). Therefore, It showed that the players depended on body attack. The frequency of each kicking technique attacking the face(731 times) was as be-iow: (1) Hook kick: 196 times (2) Front turning kick:135 times (3) Front whipping kick:19 times (4) Back whipping kick:12 times (5) Back kick:7 times Total frequency of kicking technique attacking the body was 2,747 times, Front turning kick was 2,419 times and back was 328 times. Total point of all the games was 444 and the point gained by attacking the face was 110(24.77 of 100), the body was 334 (75.23 of 100) Total point gainde by attacking the face(110 points) in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:61 points (2) Front turning kick:24 points (3) Front whipping kick:13 points (4) Back kick:6 points (5) Back whipping kick:6 points The point gained by attacking the body(middle section) was as Front turning kick:234 points, Back kick:100 points. Consequently, we concluded that attacking the body was the most effective in gaining points.

일차배양된 인체 청신경종양의 Schwann 세포의 냉동저장과 재배양

유영상,이재담 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1993 임상이비인후과 Vol.4 No.1

사람 혈청 Vitronectin의 정제 및 항 Vitronectin 다클론 항체의 생산

장윤혜,김백남,이성순,문경,김승후,이재담 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Background: Vitronectin is one of major cell- adhesive glycoprotein in mammalian serum and plasma ; the other is fibronectin. It is a mixture of 65 and 75kDa protein in plasma which promotes spreading of a variety of cultured cells ,inhibits the cytotoxicity of membrane attacks complex C5b-7 and modulates thrombin-antithrombin III activity. Human plasma and serum contain 10-40mg of vitronectin per 100ml,but only a few mg or less of vitronectin can be isolated with a 0.5-20% recovery efficiency through very long processes or with expensive,commercially available monoclonal antibody. In this study, we purified the vitronectin from human plasma and produced anti-vitronectin polyclonal antibody using purified vitronectin. Methods: Vitronectin was purified from the human plasma by heparin-sepharose column and its efficacy was measured by cell spreading assay. Anti-vitronectin polyclonal antibody produced and confirmed by ELISA and immunoblotting. Results: This procedures produced about 0.8mg vitronectin from 100ml human plasma within 2 days. 1) Purified vitronectin promoted spreading of HepG2 hepatoma cells on substrates with a half maximal activity at 0.lug/ml. 2) In SDS-PAGE analysis of purified protein, 2 bands were found and their molecular weights were 75kDa and 65kDa,respectively. 3) The immunoblotting assay showed that the bands of molecular were same site as SDSPAGE analysis. Conclusion: Simple,rapid purified vitronectin by heparin-sepharose column and anti-vitronectin antibody may facilitate the elucidation of vitronectin function and action mechanism in human body.

Differential Expression Patterns of Gangliosides in Micro-pig solid organs

So-Dam Lee,Dong-Hoon Kwak,Kyu-Tae Chang,Ji-Su Kim,Jae-Sung Ryu,Jin-Hyoung Cho,So-Hyun Lee,Ju-Taek Lee,Da-hyun Park,Seul-Yi Lee,Young-Choon Lee,Young-kug Choo 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

Ganglioside are ubiquitous membrane component in mammalian cells and suggested to play important roles in various cell functions such as cell-cell recognition, differentiation and transmembrane signaling. These compounds are localized in a glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain on the cell surface and regulated by the glycosphingolipid composition. However, the role that gangliosides play in immune rejection response by xenotransplantation is not yet clearly understood. In this study, differential expression patterens of gangliosides of Micro-Pig solid organs, which are heart, kidney, liver, pancreas and spleen. We examined expression level of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) showed that all of solid organs contained GM3, GM2, GM1 and GD1a as major gangliosides. Especially, ganglioside GD1b expressed in liver and pancreas, not in heart, kidney and spleen. Also, GT1b expressed in liver, kidney and spleen, not in heart and pancreas. As a results suggest that differential expression patterens of gangliosides of Micro-Pig solid organs are related immune rejection response in xenotransplantation by biomarker.

Expression Pattern of Gangliosides during Co-culture of Human and Micro-pig Endothelial Cells

So-Dam Lee,Dong-Hoon Kwak,Young-Choon Lee,Keon-Bong Oh,Hwi-Cheul Lee,Ji-Su Kim,Byoung-Boo Seo,Jae-Sung Ryu,So-Hyun Lee,Ju-Taek Lee,Yoon-Ju Na,Su-Bin Lee,Kyu-Tae Chang,Young-Kug Choo 한국당과학회 2011 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Ganglioside are ubiquitous membrane component in mammalian cells and suggested to play important roles in various cell functions such as cell-cell recognition, differentiation and transmembrane signaling. These compounds are localized in a glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain on the cell surface and regulated by the glycosphingolipid composition. However, the role that gangliosides play in the adhesive interaction response by xenotransplantation is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we investigated expression patterns of gangliosides in tight contact between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and micro-pig aortic endothelial cells (MPAECs). Analysis of ganglioside expression pattern showed that differential expression patterns of ganglioside in tight contact between HUVECs and MPAECs. Furthermore, we confirmed that cell adhesion molecule expression in tight contact between HUVECs and MPAECs. Taken together, these results suggested that differential expression of gangliosides in tight contact between HUVECs and MPAECs may play a role in adhesive interaction response in successful clinical xenotransplantation.

Expression pattern of Gangliosides in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast-induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells

Jae-Sung Ryu,Dong Hoon Kwak,Jeong-Woong Lee,Jin-Hyoung Cho,So-Dam Lee,Ju-Taek Lee,Da-Hyun Park,Seul-Yi Lee,Young-kug Choo 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acids, the major components of cytoplasmic cell membranes. these are tought to play a role in the control of biological processes including cell surface interaction, cell differentiation and transmembrane signaling. Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be achieved by overexpression of Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4 and c-Myc transcription factors, but only a minority of donor somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency. In this study, we demonstrated that differential expression patterns of gangliosides in iPS cells. First, we investigated characterization of iPS using Alkaline phosphate (AP) and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) straing and RT-PCR. The iPS cells expressed AP and SSEA-1. In RT-PCR analysis, iPS cells also expressed Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog mRNA. Immunocytochemistry and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that mouse embryonic fibroblast (mEF) expressed GM3, GM2 and GD3, but not GM2 in iPS cells. Furthermore, ganglsiode expression pattern were equal to mouse embryonic stem cell and iPS. In RT-PCR analysis confirmed that GM3 and GD3 synthase mRNA expressed in iPS, whereas mEF also expressed GM2 synthase mRNA. These results suggest that ganglioside GM2 play a important role in regulating the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPS.

High-rate, Low-temperature Deposition of Multifunctional Nano-crystalline Silicon Nitride Films

Jae-Dam Hwang,Kyoung-Min Lee,Ki-Su Keum,Youn-Jin Lee,홍완식 한국정보디스플레이학회 2010 Journal of information display Vol.11 No.3

The solid phase compositions and dielectric properties of silicon nitride (SiNx) films prepared using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique at a low temperature (200°C) were studied. Controlling the source gas mixing ratio,R = [N2]/[SiH4], and the plasma power successfully produced both silicon-rich and nitrogen-rich compositions in the final films. The composition parameter, X, varied from 0.83 to 1.62. Depending on the film composition, the dielectric properties of the SiNx films also varied substantially. Silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) films were obtained at a low plasma power and a low R. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these films revealed the existence of nano-sized silicon particles even in the absence of a post-annealing process. Nitrogen-rich silicon nitride (NRSN) films were obtained at a high plasma power and a high R. These films showed a fairly high dielectric constant (κ = 7.1) and a suppressed hysteresis window in their capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics.

Change of gangliosides pattern and expression of glycosyltransferase genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cells

Jae-Sung Ryu,Jeong-Woong Lee,Dong Hoon Kwak,Ji-Su Kim,in-Hyoung Cho,So-Dam Lee,So-Hyun Lee,Ju-Taek Lee,Kyu-Tae Chang,Young-Kug Choo 한국당과학회 2011 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acids, the major components of cytoplasmic cell membranes. These are thought to play a role in the control of biological process including cell surface interaction, cell differentiation and transmemebrane signaling. In this study, we demonstrated that change of gangliosides pattern and glycosyltransferase gene in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs). The miPSCs were derived from OG2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) using retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4 and c-Myc. These cells were expressed alkaline phosphatase (AP), stage specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and mRNA such as Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog. In HPTLC and immunochemistry analysis, ganglioside GM3 and GD1a were expressed in mEFs, miPSCs and mESCs. However, only GM2 and GM1 were expressed in mEFs and mESCs. Ganglioside GM3 and GD3 expression level was low in miPSCs. Moreover, A2B5 antigen, c-series gangliosides such as GT3 and GQ1c, was only expressed in mESCs. To provide a better understanding of the metabolic basis of glycosyltransferase genes expressions, we analyzed expression of glycosyltransferase genes in mEFs, miPSCs and mESCs, and found that expression of sialyltransferase-I (ST-I), ST-II, ST-III, N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (GalNAcT), galactosyltransferase-II (Gal-II), ST-IV and ST-V. However, ST-II was not only expressed in mEFs. These results suggest that ganglioside GM3 and GD1a unique and powerful cell-surface biomarker to identify of mESCs and miPSCs, and change of ganglioside expression could be affected by gangliosides synthase activation. Therefore, gangliosides may play a role in the cell differentiation process.

A Novel Feature Coordinate Initialization Algorithm Utilizing Image-Based Hybrid Correspondences

Lee Yu Dam,Yoo Won Jae,Kim Lawoo,Lee Hyung Keun 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

This paper proposes a novel feature coordinate initialization algorithm based on combined 2D and 3D feature points for visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) and Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms. In conventional algorithms, the feature initialization assumes the known camera pose (position and orientation). The initialized feature points are utilized in turn for estimating future camera pose. For the reason, the accuracy of the estimated camera pose is highly dependent on that of the initialized feature points and vice versa. The proposed algorithm deals with the problem based on a simple and effi cient error model exploiting the 2D-2D and 2D-3D matched feature points (referred to as hybrid correspondence) between two views acquired by a single camera. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is threefold. First, it performs the camera pose estimation and triangulation simultaneously. Second, it reduces sensitivity to measurement errors in 3D reference points so that more reliable camera pose can be provided with fewer feature points. Third, it improves the depth accuracy as the baseline between two cameras becomes longer. For the performance evaluation, the proposed algorithm is compared with conventional algorithms by both synthetic and real data.

Role of the 5-HT7 receptor in the effects of intrathecal nefopam in neuropathic pain in rats

Dam, Lee Jae,Hai, Lin,Ha, Yoon Myung Elsevier 2014 Neuroscience Letters Vol.566 No.-

Nefopam is a non-opioid analgesic drug, used widely in European countries to control postoperative pain. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intrathecal nefopam on spinal nerve-ligated induced neuropathic pain in rats were examined and the involvement of the 5-HT7 receptor at the spinal level was determined. Next, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (SB-269970) or descending serotonergic pathway ablation agent (5,7-DHT) was administered intrathecally before delivery of the nefopam to determine the contribution of spinal 5-HT7 receptors or descending serotonergic pathway to the activity of nefopam. The concentrations of 5-HT were measured. Intrathecal nefopam dose-dependently produced the antiallodynic effect. Pre-treatment with intrathecal SB-269970 reversed the antiallodynic effect of the nefopam. 5,7-DHT failed to affect the effect of nefopam. The concentrations of 5-HT in the spinal cord and plasma were decreased in neuropathic pain. Intrathecal nefopam increased the levels of 5-HT in the spinal cord and plasma. Intrathecal nefopam is effective in the attenuation of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation and nefopam increases the level of 5-HT. Additionally, the 5-HT7 receptor is involved in the antiallodynic action of nefopam in the spinal cord. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.