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Clark, D. J.,Le, C. T.,Senthilkumar, V.,Ullah, F.,Cho, H.-Y.,Sim, Y.,Seong, M.-J.,Chung, K.-H.,Kim, Y. S.,Jang, J. I. American Institute of Physics 2015 Applied Physics Letters Vol.107 No.13
<P>We have investigated the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CVD-grown MoS2 monolayer (ML) transferred onto transparent substrates such as fused silica and polyethylene terephthalate. The physical properties of the transferred MLs were characterized by optical and NLO methods. We measured the second-order susceptibility chi((2)) in the spectral range of lambda = 1064-1600 nm in which the corresponding second harmonic radiation resonates with the exciton levels. It was found that chi((2)) is strongly enhanced by up to a factor of 5 near the A-and B-exciton levels due to two-photon resonance. The absolute chi((2)) values of our samples determined by both reflection and transmission geometry are on par with that of as-grown MLs. Our results imply that the cavity-confinement scheme can be employed for maximizing the nonlinear optical efficiency of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides for transparent/flexible optoelectronics applications, especially when oriented stacking of transferred MLs are controllable. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
Shape Control of QDs Studied by Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
J. G. Keizer,M. Bozkurt,J. Bocquel,P. M. Koenraad,T. Mano,T. Noda,K. Sakoda,E. C. Clark,M. Bichler,G. Abstreiter,J. J. Finley,W. Lu,T. Rohel,H. Folliot,N. Bertru 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.51
In this cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy study we investigated various techniques to control the shape of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) and wetting layers (WLs). The result shows that application of an indium flush during the growth of strained InGaAs/GaAs QD layers results in flattened QDs and a reduced WL. The height of the QDs and WLs could be controlled by varying the thickness of the first capping layer. Concerning the technique of antimony capping we show that the surfactant properties of Sb result in the preservation of the shape of strained InAs/InP QDs during overgrowth. This could be achieved by both a growth interrupt under Sb flux and capping with a thin GaAsSb layer prior to overgrowth of the uncapped QDs. The technique of droplet epitaxy was investigated by a structural analysis of strain free GaAs/AlGaAs QDs. We show that the QDs have a Gaussian shape, that the WL is less than 1 bilayer thick, and that minor intermixing of Al with the QDs takes place.
Comparison of the genome profiles between head and body lice
Kang, J.S.,Cho, Y.J.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,Yoo, S.,Noh, S.J.,Park, J.,Yoon, K.S.,Marshall Clark, J.,Pittendrigh, B.R.,Chun, J.,Lee, S.H. 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is known to have diverged from the head louse (P. humanus capitis) but genomic differences between these two subspecies still remain unexplored. To compare genomic profiles between head and body lice, whole genome sequences of head lice were determined by next generation sequencing methods based on both Illumina Genome analyzer and Roche GS FLX pyrosequencing and compared with the reference genome sequences of the body louse. Total consensuses generated by mapping to the body louse genome in conjunction with de novo assembly of head louse genome sequences revealed a head louse genome size of 110Mbp with a 96% coverage of the body louse genome sequences. A total of 12,651 genes were predicted from the head louse genome sequences although more precise assembly and functional annotation of the genome is required for a more accurate gene count. Among the 873 genes that were putatively specific to the head louse, 15 genes were confirmed to be transcribed in both head and body lice, suggesting the previously estimated gene number of the body louse was likely underestimated. The single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the nucleotide diversity of genome between head and body lice was 2.2%, which was larger than that of the transcriptome between head and body lice. An endosymbiont genome analysis showed that the composition of endosymbionts in head lice was similar to that of body lice and Candidatus Riesia pediculicola was the primary endosymbiont in both head and body lice.
School Counseling in Malawi: International Collaboration in the Warm Heart of Africa*
Lorraine J. Guth,Kimberly K. Asner-Self,Jacqueline Chazema,Leah K. Clarke,Donna K. Shannon 한국상담학회 2017 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.7 No.1
One country in the process of professionalizing counseling in the schools is Malawi, in southern Africa. This article discusses the history of education and school counseling in the country as well as an international collaboration effort designed to enhance counseling services in several schools in Malawi. Specifically, an overview is given of key historical information, the evolution of school counseling in Malawi, collaborations taking place to further develop school counseling in Malawi, and example international collaboration activities.
Shinozuka, Y.,Clarke, A. D.,Nenes, A.,Jefferson, A.,Wood, R.,McNaughton, C. S.,Strö,m, J.,Tunved, P.,Redemann, J.,Thornhill, K. L.,Moore, R. H.,Lathem, T. L.,Lin, J. J.,Yoon, Y. J. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.13
<P>Abstract. We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. For a variety of airborne and ground-based observations not dominated by dust, regression identifies the CCN (cm−3) at 0.4 ± 0.1% supersaturation with 100.3α +1.3σ0.75 where σ (Mm−1) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and α is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of 1 km horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. ∂logCCN / ∂logσ is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. </P>
SQUID-Based Microwave Cavity Search for Dark-Matter Axions
Asztalos, S. J.,Carosi, G.,Hagmann, C.,Kinion, D.,van Bibber, K.,Hotz, M.,Rosenberg, L. J,Rybka, G.,Hoskins, J.,Hwang, J.,Sikivie, P.,Tanner, D. B.,Bradley, R.,Clarke, J. American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.104 No.4
<P>Axions in the microeV mass range are a plausible cold dark-matter candidate and may be detected by their conversion into microwave photons in a resonant cavity immersed in a static magnetic field. We report the first result from such an axion search using a superconducting first-stage amplifier (SQUID) replacing a conventional GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier. This experiment excludes KSVZ dark-matter axions with masses between 3.3 microeV and 3.53 microeV and sets the stage for a definitive axion search utilizing near quantum-limited SQUID amplifiers.</P>
Clark, C.E.F.,Kwinten, N.B.P.,van Gastel, D.A.J.M.,Kerrisk, K.L.,Lyons, N.A.,Garcia, S.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.4
Automatic milking systems (AMS) rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Previous research on conventional milking systems has shown differences between dairy cow breeds for intake and milk production, however, the ability to manipulate voluntary cow traffic and milking frequency on AMS farms through breed selection is unknown. This study investigated the effect of breed (Holstein Friesian versus Illawarra) on voluntary cow traffic as determined by gate passes at the Camden AMS research farm dairy facility. Daily data on days in milk, milk yield, gate passes and milking frequency for 158 Holstein Friesian cows and 24 Illawarra cows were collated by month for the 2007 and 2008 years. Illawarra cows had 9% more gate passes/day than Holstein cows over the duration of the study; however, the milking frequency and milk yield of both breeds were similar. Gate passes were greatest for both breeds in early lactation and in the winter (June to August) and summer (December to February) seasons. These findings highlight an opportunity to translate increased voluntary cow movement associated with breed selection into increased milking frequencies, milk production and overall pasture-based AMS performance.
Hanly, J. G.,Urowitz, M. B.,Siannis, F.,Farewell, V.,Gordon, C.,Bae, S. C.,Isenberg, D.,Dooley, M. A.,Clarke, A.,Bernatsky, S.,Gladman, D.,Fortin, P. R.,Manzi, S.,Steinsson, K.,Bruce, I. N.,Ginzler, E Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Vol.58 No.3
<B>Objective</B><P>To examine, in an inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the association between neuropsychiatric (NP) events and anti–ribosomal P (anti-P), antiphospholipid (lupus anticoagulant [LAC], anticardiolipin), anti–β2-glycoprotein I, and anti–NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies.</P><B>Methods</B><P>NP events were identified using the American College of Rheumatology case definitions and clustered into central/peripheral and diffuse/focal events. Attribution of NP events to SLE was determined using decision rules of differing stringency. Autoantibodies were measured without knowledge of NP events or their attribution.</P><B>Results</B><P>Four hundred twelve patients were studied (87.4% female; mean ± SD age 34.9 ± 13.5 years, mean ± SD disease duration 5.0 ± 4.2 months). There were 214 NP events in 133 patients (32.3%). The proportion of NP events attributed to SLE varied from 15% to 36%. There was no association between autoantibodies and NP events overall. However, the frequency of anti-P antibodies in patients with central NP events attributed to SLE was 4 of 20 (20%), versus 3 of 107 (2.8%) in patients with other NP events and 24 of 279 (8.6%) in those with no NP events (P = 0.04). Among patients with diffuse NP events, 3 of 11 had anti-P antibodies (27%), compared with 4 of 111 patients with other NP events (3.6%) and 24 of 279 of those with no NP events (8.6%) (P = 0.02). Specific clinical–serologic associations were found between anti-P and psychosis attributed to SLE (P = 0.02) and between LAC and cerebrovascular disease attributed to SLE (P = 0.038). There was no significant association between other autoantibodies and NP events.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Clinically distinct NP events attributed to SLE and occurring around the time of diagnosis were found to be associated with anti-P antibodies and LAC. This suggests that there are different autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms, although low sensitivity limits the clinical application of testing for these antibodies.</P>