고등학교 아랍어 교과서의 오류 분석

이인섭 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2003 지중해지역연구 Vol.5 No.2

After publishing Arabic textbooks in Korea, many efforts were made to develop the efficient teaching method for Arabic and make foreign students team it more effectively. This research comes to be of help toward developing Arabic textbooks and aims to reconsider what makes foreign Arabic learners confused and burdensome, and find some ways to lighten a burden for them. This study handles two main textbooks for the high school to analyse them and indicate some errors in spelling and using words for the proper context. And it is more focused on finding grammatical errors to correct them for the next textbooks. The confusing elements for foreign students are as follows; - disorder of some correlative grammatical elements. - discordance of some descriptions. - using some grammatical exceptions. These confusing elements are followed by the examination of some errors in spelling and using proper word. And these are followed by grammatical error analysis, and here are some grammatical errors: - conjunction 'fa' which connects the cause and effect. - non-standard Arabic expressions, especially misuse of the corpus which is not used in the nominal sentence. - spoken structures in the textbooks. - wrong explanation for the prepositions. Many misuses of the noun are found in the textbooks, especially some nouns impregnated with incertitude like 'ghayr' and 'mithl'. - disagreement of number and gender categories in one sentence and tense discord in a conditional sentence. This study gets through with some suggestions to limit the grammatical boundary for the high school level.

아랍어 상(aspect)에 관한 연구

이인섭 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2002 중동연구 Vol.21 No.-

Tense means relation between the verbal event and the time in which it happened. So it is considered by the deictic category. On the other hand, the aspect shows us the implicit relation between the verbal event or state and time, so that it could define the relative relation between them. So it is important for us to differentiate the absolute time relation from the relative time relation. Aspect category is not used alone in Arabic, but must be combined with the tense category. Therefore, it is not easy to separate the aspect from the tense. And the simple tense is distinguished by the contextual situation. In' Arabic there are two forms of verbal aspect morphologically: perfective and imperfective. The former one can be used for the past usually, and for the future in the jussive, imperative, exclamative and optative forms in the syntactic structure, and the latter one is used for the present tense normally, and applicable to future tense if it is preceded by some functional words in syntactic structures. This study aims to research the reality of aspect and define what kinds of aspect are used in Arabic. The aspect is divided into perfective, inceptive, prospective and imperfective. The aspect is expressed by using some parts of speech like auxiliarly verbs, active participle and particle 'qad', and by the circumstantial clause(??l) and the concomitant object(maf ??l ma??ahu) It is not well-known that the circumstantial clause(??l) and the concomitant object(maf ??l ma??ahu) play a role in aspect.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

Nuclear factor I-C가 치근발생 과정에서 Hertwig's 상피초 형성에 미치는 영향

신인철,박주철,정문진,오현주,박선화,이창섭,김흥중,Shin, In-Cheol,Park, Joo-Cheol,Jeong, Moon-Jin,Oh, Hyun-Ju,Park, Sun-Hwa,Lee, Chang-Seop,Kim, Heung-Joong 대한소아치과학회 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

치아의 형성은 상피-간엽간의 상호작용을 통해 조절되어지는 복잡한 발생과정이다. 지금까지 치관의 발생에 관여하는 유전자 및 그들의 신호전달경로에 관한 연구는 다수 진행되어 왔지만 치근의 발생을 조절하는 기전에 대해서는 별로 알려진 것이 없다. 최근에 NFI-C knock out 생쥐에서 정상치관에 비정상적인 치근을 가지는 치아가 보고되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 NFI-C가 어떻게 치근의 형태와 상아모세포의 분화에 관여하는지를 규명하는 것이다. NFI-C knock out 생쥐의 치근 발생동안에 HERS의 역할을 연구하고자 cytokeratin 면역조직화학적방법과 치근상아질의 특성을 규명하기 위해 DSPP mRNA in-situ hybrydization법을 수행하였다. 1. NFI-C knock out 생쥐의 치근형성시 HERS의 역할 Wild type과 knock out type 모두에서 cytokeratin은 모든 HERS 세포들과 반응하였고, HERS와 법랑상피 사이의 양성반응세포들의 연속성은 치경부 부위에서 소실되었다. Knock out type에서 치근상아질이 침착된 후, cytokeratin 양성-HERS 세포들은 치경부에서 불규칙한 배열과 극성의 상실을 보였다. 2. NFI-C knock out 생쥐의 치근상아질의 특성 DSPP mRNA의 발현은 wild type에서 치관과 치근상아질의 상아모세포 모두에서 강한 발현을 보인 반면, knock out type에서는 치관부위 상아질의 상아모세포에서만 강한 발현을 보였다. 3. NFI-C knock out 생쥐의 치근 발생과정에서 HERS는 치관으로부터 정상적인 확장을 보인 반면, 치근부위에서의 상아 모세포 분화는 실패하였다. 위의 결과들로 보아 NFI-C는 치근형성 과정에서 상아모세포 분화에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth formation is a complex developmental process that is mediated through a series of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Several signal pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in regulating molar crown development, but relatively little is known about the regulation of root development. It was reported that NFI-C knockout mice showed abnormal root formation with normal crown. The aims of this study are to elucidate how the NFI-C regulate the determine of root shape and odontoblasts differentiation. We carried out immunohistochemistry using cytokeratin to investigate the role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and DSPP mRNA in-situ hybridization to conform the nature of root dentin during root development in NFI-C knockout mice. Cytokeratin reacted with all the HERS cells and the continuity of cytokeratin positive cells between the HERS cells and enamel epithelium was lost in the cervical region both wild and K/O types. After root dentin deposition cytokeratin positive-HERS cells showed irregularity and loss of polarity in the cervical region in K/O type. DSPP mRNA was strongly expressed in odontoblasts of crown and root dentin in wild type mice, whereas expression of DSPP mRNA was restricted in odontoblast of crown dentin in the K/O type. During root formation in NFI-C knockout mice, HERS normally grow out of the crown but fail to induce odontoblast differentiation in root portion. These results suggest that NFI-C may play important roles in odontoblast differentiation during root dentin formation.

DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate)-제제의 생물학적 이용율(bioavailability)에 대한 연구

이인묵,서대규,강주섭 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1992 環境科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

동일 유효성분을 동량 함유하는 약제라 할지라도 제형이나 제조과정에 따라 유효성분이 투여된 제형으로부터 유리되어 작용부위에 도달되는 속도와 양에는 차이가 있을 수 있으며, 그 차이를 반영해 주는 생물학적 이용율(bioavailability)은 해당제형의 합당한 효능이나 유해작용의 예방을 위한 용량결정, 생물학적 동등성(bioequivalence) 확립의 기본요소가 된다. 약리작용의 발현은 유효성분의 분자생물학적 특징에 의존되며, 그 강도는 작용부위에서의 농도에 따라 결정된다. 그러나, 작용부위에서의 농도를 직접 측정하기는 불가능할 때가 많기 때문에 일반적으로 유효성분의 혈중 농도를 기준으로 한다. 최근, 중국에서는 한방제인 "북오미자(北五味子)"의 열매 Fructus Schizandrae Chinesis Bailli에서 분리한 성분이 Schizandrin C의 합성동속체인 biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB)를 간장치료제로 개발하여 정제를 초기 제형으로 제조하였으나, 정제는 생물학적 이용율이 낮아 소수성인 DDB의 습윤, 분산, 용해성을 촉진하기 위한 polysorbate 80과 polyethyleneglycol 6000을 첨가한 새로운 제형으로서 미소과립교갑제를 뒤이어 제조 판매하고 있어 초기 정제와 새 제형인 교갑제의 생물학적 이용율을 비교, 검정하였다. 본 실험에서는 유효성분DDB의 체중 Kg당 100mg을 함유하는 양의 정제와 교갑제를 성숙 가토에 경구투여하고 투약 1시간전과 투약 후 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 및 25시간에서의 DDB의 혈중농도를 HPLC법으로 측정하였으며, 이를 기준으로 농도-시간곡선을 작성하여 투약 후 성취되는 최고 혈중 농도와 이에 도달되는데 요하는 시간 및 생물학적 애용율을 검정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 교갑제 경구투여로 성취되는 DDB 혈중농도가 경제투여시의 그들의 5배이상으로 유의하게 (p<0.05)높았다. 2. 투약후 성취되는 최고 혈중농도는 교갑제투여시는 정제투여시의 거의 3배가 되는 유의한 (p>0.05) 높은 치였고, 최고 혈중농도에 도달되는 시간도 교갑제투여시가 정제투여시보다 빠른 경향이 있었다. 3. 농도-시간곡선하면적에 의한 생물학적 이용율의 평균치(±S.E)는 정제투여시의 45.3±18.3㎍.hr/ml에 비하여 교갑제투여시는 321.4±64.3 ㎍.hr/ml으로서 7배를 약간 넘는 현저한 (p<0.05) 상승을 보여주었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보았을 때는 DDB 7.5mg을 함유하는 교갑제 한개는 DDB 25mg을 함유하는 정제 두개를 투여했을 때와 동등한 효능을 발현할 것으로 추정된다. The bioavailability is the measurement, relative to some standard, of the rate and amount of drug which reaches the systemic circulation unchanged, following administration of the drug product. The bioavailability of a given drug entity can vary significantly depending upon the route of administration and the type of dosage form and fundamental factor to determine bioequivalence and therapeutic dose in order to achieve effect and prevent its side effect. The pharmacological response and its magnitude depended upon its molecular biological characteristics and its concentration at the site of action. DDB(biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate) is Schzandrin C derivatives which extracted from Fructus Chizandrae Chinesis Bailli and has been used the treatment of hepatic disease. The tablet of DDB preparation is water insoluble and has low bioavailability. But a new capsule preparation has polysorbate 80 and PEG 6000 as a vehicle in order to accelerate its absorption. A bioavailability study of DDB was done on 12 rabbits weighing 1.8kg∼2.2kg. The rabbits were fasted for 4 hours before oral administration of 100mg/kg of DDB. The serum concentration of the DDB were measured using HPLC method before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 25 hours after DDB administration. The assessment of data obtained was done using plasma concentration-time profile of two DDB preparations. The results obtained were as following: 1) The oral administration of capsule generally leads significantly to high plasma DDB concentration 5 times as much as tablets. 2) The highest plasma DDB concentration (??) of capsule achieves merely 3 times as much as tablets and the length of time(??) required to achieve the maximal plasma DDB concentration of the capsule is shorter than tablets. 3) The total integrated area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of DDB (±S.E) can be used as a rough estimate of amount of drug absorbed in systemic circulation. The AUC of capsule, 321.4±64.3㎍.hr/ml, was merely 7 folds that of tablets, 45.3±18.3㎍.hr/ml, meaning that the absorption of DDB capsule is better than that of DDB tablet. These results suggested that one capsule contains 7.5mg of DDB take as same effect as that of two tablet contains 25mg of DDB.

유사한 아랍어 표현 구분 방법에 관한 연구

이인섭 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2001 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.5 No.1

This study aims to show how the ambiguity appears and could be differentiated and removed in the Arabic similar expressions. The ambiguity results from the similarity of the graphemes, phonemes, words and structures besides the homonyms and same structures. This ambiguity could be removed in the syntactic structures by many ways like comparing the elements of the syntactic structures, and connecting the grammatical levels like morphophonemic level, morphosyntactic level and other levels connecting between the grapheme and the utterance situation. To differentiate and analyze the ambiguity and the similarity more clearly, it must be considered in such ways as the vowels signs, the sentence marks, the status of the phonemes, the characteristics of the verbs, numbers of the valency, the functions of the prepositions and conjunctions, forms of the compound names, structures, etc.

아랍어의 문법성(gender)에 관한 연구

이인섭 한국아랍어아랍문학회 1999 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.3 No.1

This study aims to take the gender in Arabic into consideration and show how the gender is used in morphological and syntactical levels. It deals with the development of the Arabic gender and various morphemes which represent the usage of feminine forms in a morphological level. And it shows us the differences between the morphological feminine and the syntactical feminine, and that some important issues are concerned with these differences. Finally, this study defines that the Arabic gender is affected by the syntactical structure types.

국내 석회석들의 소성 탈황 동시반응 특성

신지훈 ( Ji Hoon Shin ),김예라 ( Yea Ra Kim ),국진우 ( Jin Woo Kook ),곽인섭 ( In Seop Kwak ),박경일 ( Kyoung Il Park ),이종민 ( Jong Min Lee ),이시훈 ( See Hoon Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.5

In order to analyze and compare the desulfurization characteristics of five different kinds of domestic limestons, a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used in this study. Calcium carbonate contents of the domestic limestone varied from 91 to 96 wt%. Experimental temperature and sulfur dioxide concentration of 850 ℃ and 2,750 ppm, respectively were selected to simulate commercial operation conditions. In this study, the calcination and desulfurization reaction of limestones were simultaneously occurred and investigated to simulate in-situ desulfurization reaction in commercial circulating fluidized bed combustors. In addition, desulfurization reactivities of limes having the average particle sizes of 37.5, 90.5, 159, 356 and 750 μm were investigated. Desulfurization reactivities via simultaneous calcination and desulfurization reactions were 5-20% lower than those of using general desulfurization reactions.

소규모 농업용 저수지의 저류량-용수공급능력 결정에 관한 연구

안승섭,정순돌,이증석,윤경덕,장인수 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.12

This study aims at the effective estimation of water supply capacity of small scale reservoir and the proposal of the data which is necessary to establish the water resources management plan of down stream area of the reservoir in the future by comparison and examination about reservoir operation technique for the security of agricultural water in small scale reservoir. The result of flow calculation by Tank model is used for the input data as the inflow data which is needed for the analysis of water supply capacity. Stochastic method, simulation method, and optimization method are used to examine the water supply capacity, and water security amount is compared with each method. From the analyses of water supply capacities by each method, slightly different results are shown in spite of the effort to compare them equally using input data such as inflow data under equal conditions, and the comparison of water supply capacities by each method are follows; linear planning method, and transition probability matrix method in the order of amount from the largest. It is thought that the simulation method in which comparatively reasonable application of the inflow data is possible and is simulated in successive time series dam operation of the three methods used in this study thus, simulation model is proper to estimate the water supply capacity of agricultural small scale reservoir. And it is judged that the heightening of efficiency of water resources utilization according to the development of downstream area of dam may be possible using the upward readjusted water supply amount of 55.18×10^6ton at 95% and 90% supply reliability respectively which are above the planning water supply amount of 50.0×10^6ton when the simulation method is introduced as the standard.

Biomimetic apatite formed on cobalt-chromium alloy: A polymer-free carrier for drug eluting stent

Chen, Cen,Yao, Chenxue,Yang, Jingxin,Luo, Dandan,Kong, Xiangdong,Chung, Sung-Min,Lee, In-Seop Elsevier 2017 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.151 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, sirolimus (SRL) was loaded within biomimetic apatite formed on cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy, which has been reported for the first time, to inhibit the in-stent restenosis. Two different groups of loading SRL within biomimetic apatite were prepared: Group A (mono-layer of apatite/SRL) and Group B (bi-layer of apatite/SRL). Group A and Group B showed the biphasic pattern of SRL release up to 40 and 90days, respectively. The attachment of human artery smooth muscle cell (HASMC) for both Group A and Group B was significantly inhibited, and proliferation dramatically decreased with the release of SRL. Noteworthily, biomimetic apatite alone also suppressed the SMC proliferation. The porous biomimetic apatite uniformly covered Co-Cr stent without crack or webbings. After balloon expansion, the integrity of biomimetic apatite was sufficient to resist delamination or destruction. Thus, this study demonstrated that biomimetic apatite is a promising drug carrier for potential use in stents.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biomimetic apatite is formed on Co-Cr alloy as a polymer-free drug carrier. </LI> <LI> To inhibit in-stent restenosis, sirolimus is loaded within apatite in two ways. </LI> <LI> Porous and biodegradable biomimetic apatite releases of sirolimus over 40days. </LI> <LI> Integrity of biomimetic apatite is sufficient for clamping and balloon expansion. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>