FOCUSED REVIEWS: GUT AND BASIC RESEARCH : Corticotropin-releasing Hormone and Its Biological Diversity toward Angiogenesis

( Eunok Im ) 대한장연구학회 2014 Intestinal Research Vol.12 No.2

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones and an underlying cause of numerous human diseases,including cancer and inflammation. A large body of evidence indicates that angiogenic inhibitors have therapeutic potential inthe treatment of vascular diseases. However, detrimental side effects and low efficacy hinder their use in clinical practice. Membersof the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, which comprises CRH, urocortin I-III, and CRH receptors (CRHR)1 and 2, are broadly expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues, including the intestine and cardiovascular system. The CRHfamily regulates stress-related responses through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Therapeutic agents that target CRHfamily members offer a new approach to the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. Since the discovery that CRHR 2 has anti-angiogenic activityduring postnatal development in mice, studies have focused on the role of the CRH system in the modulation of blood vesselformation and cardiovascular function. This review will outline the basic biological functions of the CRH family members andthe implications for the development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies. (Intest Res 2014;12:96-102)

Special Review : Multi-facets of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis

( Eunok Im ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.1

The family of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) composed of 4 ligands including CRF, urocortin (Ucn) 1, Ucn2, and Ucn3 is expressed both in the central nervous system and the periphery including the gastrointestinal tract. Two different forms of G protein coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, differentially recognize CRF family members, mediating various biological functions. A large body of evidence suggests that the CRF family plays an important role in regulating inflammation and angiogenesis. Of particular interest is a contrasting role of the CRF family during inflammatory processes. The CRF family can exert both proand anti-inflammatory functions depending on the type of receptors, the tissues, and the disease phases. In addition, there has been a growing interest in a possible role of the CRF family in angiogenesis. Regulation of angiogenesis by the CRF family has been shown to modulate endogenous blood vessel formation, inflammatory neovascularization and cardiovascular function. This review outlines the effect of the CRF family and its receptors on 2 major biological events: inflammation and angiogenesis, and provides a possibility of their application for the treatment of inflammatory vascular diseases.

기피시설 입지에 관한 로컬거버넌스 정립 방향: 방사능폐기장의 사례

임은옥(Im, Eunok) 한국지방정부학회 2019 지방정부연구 Vol.23 No.3

This study aims to establish effective local governance for locating hazardous facilities. In particular, focusing on the siting of a radioactive waste repository, it illustrates the status quo local governance to identify key stakeholders and their roles in participatory institutional arrangements such as a local referendum. To this end, it analyzes the data collected from questionnaire survey responses and in-depth interviews with field experts and interest group leaders. The analysis of institutions and expert opinions leads to the development of a new model of local governance that prioritizes safety over local residents’ acceptance. It also suggests that the objectivity and domain expertise of an independent site selection committee and a local government and council’s substantive engagement in the decision-making process can secure the effective functioning of the new model in overcoming the shortcomings of local referendums. 본 연구는 방사능폐기장 입지선정 사례를 중심으로 기피시설 입지에 관한 효과적인 로컬거버넌스의 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 이해관계자들과의 면담내용과 원전 관련 전문가를 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 활용하여 기존 방폐장 입지선정 거버넌스의 실태를 파악하고, 거버넌스 참여자의 역할과 참여기제를 중심으로 새로운 로컬거버넌스의 방향과 구체적인 입지선정 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구가 제안하는 뉴거버넌스는 방폐장 입지결정에 있어 수용성보다 안전성을 더 비중 있게 고려하는 모델로 주민 다수의 수용성이 담보된다는 전제하에 안전성을 우선적으로 확보하는 것이다. 이를 위해 현행 주민투표제의 한계를 독립적인 정부위원회의 과학적･객관적 검증으로 보완할 것을 제시한다. 주민투표의 찬성률로 최종 입지를 선정하는 것이 아니라, 응모한 지역의 주민투표 결과 과반(또는 2/3)의 찬성률이 나오는 지역을 대상으로 최종적으로 부지선정위원회가 가장 적합한 지역을 평가하여 선정하는 것이다. 또한, 뉴거버넌스에서 해당 기초자치단체와 기초지방의회가 입지의사결정에 있어 주요한 역할을 해야 함을 강조하며, 입지결정 이후 모니터링 과정에 새로운 참여자로 원자력지역재단과 산업통상자원부 원전지역주재관을 제안한다.

Does Governance Matter for Better Research Integrity in South Korea?

임은옥(Eunok Im),한상연(Sang-Yun Han) 경희대학교 국제지역연구원 2019 아태연구 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 연구윤리 거버넌스를 구성하는 주요 행위자인 정부, 연구지원기관, 연구수행기관 및 연구자의 역할과 기능을 재정립하여 효과적인 연구윤리 거버넌스 모형을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국내 연구윤리 관련 법령 및 지침과 관련 조직의 현황을 분석하고 외국의 관련 사례를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 우리나라 연구윤리 거버넌스의 3가지 대안모델은 (1) 현상유지를 기반으로 기존 연구윤리 관련 국가 및 행정부 위원회 간의 연계성을 강화하는 것, (2) 한국연구재단과 국가생명윤리정책연구원의 기능과 권한을 확대하여 미국식 연구윤리 전담기관 모델을 벤치마킹하는 것, (3) 교육부의 현 연구윤리자문위원회를 국가연구진실성위원회로 승격시키고 역할을 강화하여 연구윤리에 관한 컨트롤타워 역할을 하게 하는 것으로 구성된다. 연구 활동에 대한 공공 개입의 타당성과 입법 개혁을 통한 실현 가능성을 고려하여 이 3가지 모델 중에서 우리나라에 가장 적합한 대안을 선택할 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 연구윤리 관련 법·제도를 종합적으로 검토하여 연구윤리 거버넌스 대안 모델을 제안한 논문으로 외국에 우리나라 연구윤리 거버넌스를 소개한다는 점에서 큰 의의를 지닌다. This study aims at establishing an effective research integrity governance in South Korea by redefining roles and responsibilities of government ministries, national boards and committees, and funding agencies. For the purpose, it examines relevant laws and regulations to identify the major actors that constitute a research integrity governance and the relationships among them. It proposes three alternative models: (1) to strengthen the linkages among extant national boards and committees related to research integrity without any legal reforms, (2) to expand the functions of funding or professional agencies, benchmarking the U.S. system, and (3) to establish a new national body, the National Research Integrity Committee, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education to administrate research ethics issues across various academic disciplines comprehensively.

Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptide Y in Intestinal Inflammation

Yunna Lee(Yunna Lee),Eunok Im(Eunok Im) 대한약학회 2023 약학회지 Vol.67 No.1

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide found in the brain, autonomic nervous system, and different peripheral tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Dysfunction of the NPY or NPY system has been implicated in various tumor microenvironments and cardiovascular and GI disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a major health concern due to its increasing incidence globally. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that NPY also acts as a potent immunomodulator by linking the nervous and immune systems. NPY plays an important role in immunopathology during intestinal inflammation. This paper discusses the potential role of NPY as a valuable biomarker for IBD due to its consistent upregulation in both in vivo and clinical studies. Consequently, it confirms the pro-inflammatory effects of NPY, providing a rational basis for targeting NPY signaling as a therapeutic strategy.

학교 건강증진 프로그램 실시 현황 및 건강증진 프로그램 요구에 관한 조사연구

김영임,이규영,박은옥 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Purposes : This study was designed to survey current and past health promotion programs in schools and to assess the needs of health promotion programs based upon the opinions of health teachers. Methods : Self-report questionnaire were given to health teachers who attended board meetings in each province or who participated in a qualification training course in Daegu. The questionnaire was developed by authors and revised it based on experts' advice. Results : The most common health promotion programs were sexual educatuon, sexual violence prevention, drug abuse prevention, first aid,dental health. In contrast, many mental health promotion programs, such as suicide prevention, ADHD, and those involving personality disorders were all relatively uncommon. The needs of health promotion programs showed alomst same priority with health promotion programs that are being done. Conclusions : The development of effective health promotion programs requires input from students, parents, teachers, experts, and health teachers.

신재생에너지 수용성에 미치는 영향요인

김주경(Jukyong Kim),임은옥(Eunok Im) 한국지방행정학회 2021 한국지방행정학보 (KLAR) Vol.18 No.3

최근 친환경에너지에 대한 국민적 관심이 높아지고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 세계 각국에서는 탄소배출비율을 줄이기 위해 신재생에너지 발전비율을 확대하기 위한 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 하지만 신재생에너지 발전의 경우 긍정적인 측면뿐만 아니라 부정적인 측면들도 나타나면서 국민의 수용성 확보가 중요한 이슈로 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 신재생에너지의 국민적 수용성에 미치는 영향요인이 무엇인지를 살펴보기 위해 일반 국민 790명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구모형으로는 독립변수로 ‘시민참여’, ‘정책PR’, ‘투명성’을 설정하였으며, 매개변수로는 ‘신뢰’를 종속변수로는 ‘수용성’을 설정하고 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 실증분석하였다. 분석 결과, 수용성에 직접적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 ‘신뢰’ 요인이 있었으며, ‘시민참여’와 ‘투명성’ 요인은 수용성에 직접적인 영향을 미치기는 하였으나 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ‘신뢰’에 미치는 영향요인으로는 ‘정책PR’과 ‘투명성’ 요인이 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 분석 결과를 토대로 사업자에 대한 신뢰 확보의 노력, 신재생에너지 수용성 확보를 위한 장기적인 계획수립 등의 정책제언을 제시하였다. In response to ever-increasing concerns regarding the climate change, many governments across the globe take initiatives to transform their energy generation to new renewable energy sources that would allow substantial reduction in carbon emission. Along with the well-recognized expected benefits of alternative energy sources, considerable shortcomings including deforestation, massive generation costs, and unstable power supplies have been identified. The public has become aware of the potential negative effects as well. Accordingly, the expansion of new and renewable energy facilities has encountered a new challenge to improve the public awareness. This study explores factors affecting people’s acceptance of new and renewable energy, analyzing the survey data collected from 790 laypeople in Korea. We examine the direct effects of citizen participation, policy public relations (PR), and transparency on public acceptance and the mediating effects of the public’s trust in a government agency in charge of implementing the new energy projects. Our analysis using structural equation modeling finds the following. First, trust is positively associated with public acceptance. Second, policy PR and transparency enhance trust that, in turn, improve public acceptance. Third, contrary to our expectations, people display lower acceptance as they engage more in the policy-making process and have more transparent information. Based on our findings, we make policy suggestions to secure public acceptance of new renewable energy.

원전지역 주민의 원전 수용성 결정요인 분석 - 커뮤니케이션, 투명성, 경제적 편익 인식과 신뢰를 중심으로 -

김주경 ( Jukyong Kim ),임은옥 ( Eunok Im ) 한국정책학회 2019 韓國政策學會報 Vol.28 No.3

일본의 후쿠시마 원전폭발 사고 이후 원자력의 위험인식과 수용성에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구들은 일반국민을 대상으로 한 수용성을 주로 다루었으며, 원전 지역주민들을 대상으로 수용성 결정요인이 무엇인지를 분석한 연구는 아직까지 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 5개 원전지역 주민들을 대상으로 원전 수용성의 결정 요인이 무엇인지를 살펴보고 이러한 결정요인이 도출된 원인이 무엇인지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 원전 주변 지역주민들 600명을 대상으로 직접대면조사 설문결과를 활용하여, 커뮤니케이션, 투명성, 경제적 편익이 주민의 수용성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 구조방정식 모형을 통해 신뢰의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 커뮤니케이션, 투명성, 경제적 편익은 모두 주민 수용성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 중에서 커뮤니케이션 요인이 수용성에 가장 큰 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 신뢰는 커뮤니케이션, 투명성, 경제적 편익을 통해 수용성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과를 바탕으로 원전 주변 지역주민의 수용성을 확보하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 that aroused the concern on the riskiness of nuclear power, the public’s perception of nuclear power has been extensively studied. However, the research has focused primarily on the general public’s acceptance at a society level, and we still know little about residents’ acceptance at local community levels. To fill this void, we examine the determinants of local residents’ acceptance of nuclear power plants, analyzing the data from face-to-face surveys of 600 residents nearby nuclear power plants in Korea. Particularly, we investigate the direct effects of communication, transparency, and economic benefits on acceptance and the effect of trust as a mediating factor, using Structural Equation Modeling. We document evidence that residents display greater acceptance to nuclear power plants when they are provided with more effective communication, higher transparency, and larger economic benefits. Importantly, we find that these factors also have an indirect effect on acceptance through trust. Based on the findings, we develop some policy suggestions to secure acceptance of residents neighboring nuclear power plants.

Psychometric Properties of the Cardiovascular Symptom Index for Midlife Women in Four Racial/Ethnic Groups of Midlife Women

Young Ko,Wonshik Chee,Eunok Im 한국간호과학회 2015 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

다양한 식용유로 제조한 물속 기름 에멀션의 자동산화 안정성 평가

최동진 ( Dongjin Choi ),임지원 ( Jiwon Im ),최은옥 ( Eunok Choe ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the autoxidative stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (4:6, w/w) of various edible oils manufactured by different processing methods. Methods: Emulsions consisted of commercially available edible oils (40 g) and citrate buffer (pH 4.0, 60 g) with addition of xanthan gum (0.35 g) and egg yolk lecithin (35 mg), and were stored in the dark at 40°C. The edible oils included refined olive oil (ROO), extra virgin olive oil without refining (EVOO), refined, bleached, and deodorized soybean oil (RBDSO), cold pressed oil of unroasted sesame seeds (URSO), roasted sesame oil (RSO), and RBD canola oil (RBDCO). Lipid oxidation of the emulsions was spectrophotometrically evaluated based on the hydroperoxide contents and p-anisidine values (PAV). Total contents of polyphenols in the emulsions were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: The hydroperoxide content and PAV increased with storage time due to lipid oxidation. The emulsion with URSO, ROO or EVOO showed higher hydroperoxide contents than the emulsion with RBDSO or RBDCO during storage mainly due to higher initial values. However, the oxidation rate was lower in the emulsion with EVOO or RSO compared to ROO and URSO, respectively. The emulsion with RBDCO or RBDSO which was fully-refined oil showed higher oxidation rates than those with olive or sesame oils. This suggests higher oxidative stability of the emulsion with olive or sesame oils despite their higher initial value of lipid oxidation, possibly due to the higher quantities of polyphenol compounds and their stability in these oils. The Maillard reaction products could be additional contributors to the oxidative stability of the RSO emulsion. Conclusion: The results suggested that the variation in autoxidative stability of O/W emulsions with different oils could be attributed to more hydrophilic polyphenol compounds rather than hydrophobic tocopherols. Thus, EVOO or RSO could be a good choice of edible oil for the preparation of an O/W emulsion with high lipid oxidative stability.