재난관리 연구영역 확대에 관한 탐색적 논의 : 사회자본이론의 적용을 중심으로

장익현 ( Jang Ikhyun ),주성돈 ( Ju Sungdon ) 한국행정연구원 2018 韓國行政硏究 Vol.27 No.1

기존의 재난관리 연구는 재난의 각 단계별로 발생하는 재난의 ‘사건’ 측면에 주목하여 물질적이고 가시적인 부분의 피해에 초점을 두었다. 최근에는 신뢰나 네트워크 등과 같은 비물질적 이고, 비가시적인 요인들이 재난관리에서 어떠한 역할을 하며, 또한 재난 이후 물질적 피해뿐만 아니라 사회적 자본의 복구에 주목하고 있다. 이러한 문제 인식에 따라 본 연구는 재난관리의 연구영역에 대한 확대의 필요성을 제기하고자한다. 재난과 사회자본에 관한 이론 논의, 재난과 사회자본의 상호관계성, 그리고 재난관리 연구 사례를 분석하여 재해관리의 연구영역을 보다 더 확장시키고자 한다. 연구결과, 첫째, 사회적 자본의 축척 정도가 높은 경우에는 대비와 대응에서 긍정적인 역할을 한다. 그러나 사회적 자본 효과는 재난관리의 단계와 사회자본의 종류에 따라 상이한 결과가 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 자본의 수준에 따라 정부의 개입 및 관리형태도 적절하게 달라진다. 즉 정부의 일방적이고, 강제적인 재난관리 정책은 결속형(bonding) 사회적 자본이 높은 수준에 있는 경우 오히려 재난 대응과정에서 악영향을 미칠 수도 있음을 보여주었다. 향후 재난의 대비와 대응과정에서부터 복구와 회복에 이르는 전 과정에서 사회적 자본이 어떤 역할을 하고, 그에 따라 정부의 역할이 어떻게 달라져야 하는지에 대한 적극적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Previous studies on the disaster management focuses on material and visible factors in each stage of disaster management, but recent studies pay more attention to the role of non-material and non-visible factors such as social trust or social network. Therefore, this study raises the necessity to expand the research area of disaster management by the theoretical discussion on the relationship between disaster and social capital and the analysis of previous case studies that examine the role of social capital in the disaster management. The result of this study indicates that the high level of social capital plays positive role in preparedness and response for the disaster. However, its role varies by stages of disaster management and the kind of social capital. Furthermore, it shows the government intervention has to be different by the degree of social capital in the community. Namely, unilateral and coercive intervention of government has negative impact in disaster management when bonding social capital of the community is very high. This study shows the necessity of more active study on the role of social capital in the disaster management in the future.

Drag and heat-flux assessment of hypersonic flow on an asymmetric blunt shaped body

Ikhyun Kim,Keunyeong Kim,Sangha Park,Byungkook Jang,Gisu Park,Gi-Hyuk Choi 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.8

Assessment of aerodynamic forces and heat-transfer rates for certain flight conditions is an essential task in designing a hypersonic vehicle. Experimental investigation of impulse ground-based type facilities is researchers standard practice for such purposes. However, due to extremely short test times of the flow, measurement of aerodynamic forces and heat-transfer rates in such facilities causes many technical issues. This study presents a series of drag and heat-flux measurements taken in the shock tunnel. An asymmetric blunt shaped forebody was tested at a nominal Mach 6. A conventional accelerometer-based drag balance system was applied to the test model during force measurements. K-type thermocouple sensors were used to measure surface heat-transfer rates. A comprehensive procedure for implementation and calibration of each measurement technique is provided in a single manuscript.

게임이론을 이용한 방책분석 및 비교 개선 연구

김익현 ( Kim Ikhyun ),최규일 ( Choi Gyuil ),김도형 ( Kim Dohyung ),최장옥 ( Choi Jang Ok ) 미래군사학회 2023 한국군사학논총 Vol.12 No.1

현재 작전계획 수립과정 중 방책분석은 워게임 기법을 사용하는데 여기에 노력과 시간이 많이 필요하다. 시간이 제약받는 야전 상황에서 이 과정을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 교범 상에는 시간제약 시 적용할 기법들이 다수 제시되어 있지만 전쟁이 지속되면서 피로의 과중은 물론 경험이 적은 인원이 업무를 담당해야 할 경우 주요 요소를 간과하거나 주관에 의한 오류를 일으킬 우려가 있다고 생각된다. 이를 극복하기 위해 방책수립 및 분석에 게임이론을 이용하여 작전계획 수립과정을 조정하는 방안을 제시한다. 방책분석에 게임이론을 이용하는 연구들이 다수 있음에도 불구하고 교리화되지 못하는 이유를 추정하고, 실무적으로 이용할 수 있는 절차를 구체화하고자 한다. 연구의 합리성을 확보하기 위해 군사학교 교관 경험자들을 대상으로 표적 집단 인터뷰를 실시하여 예상되는 경향을 추정하고 타당성을 검토하는 방법을 사용하였다. The Analysis of course of actions(COAs) during operation planning process uses a war game technique, which requires a lot of effort and time. This study is intended to develop a method that can efficiently carry out this process in a time-constrained field situation. Although the military manual suggests a number of techniques to be applied in case of time constraints, it is thought that as the war continues, there is a risk of overlooking major elements or causing errors due to subjectivity if inexperienced personnel are required to take charge of the work as well as heavy fatigue. In order to overcome this, we propose a plan to adjust the operation planning process by using game theory to generation and analysis of COAs. In spite of the fact that there are many studies that use game theory to the analysis of COAs, it is intended to estimate the reason why it does not become a doctrine, and to specify the procedure that can be used in practice. In order to secure the rationality of the research, a method of estimating expected trends and reviewing validity was used by conducting a focus group interview with experienced military school instructors.

The Role of Social Capital in Shaping Policy Non-compliance for Chhaupadi Practice in Nepal

Miyang Jun,Ikhyun Jang 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2018 Asian Women Vol.34 No.3

Chhaupadi is a Nepalese custom that prohibits women from entering the house and participating in family activities during their menstruation period. The Nepalese Supreme Court outlawed chhaupadi in 2005 and the parliament has recently passed a bill to criminalize the practice. However, the decision has not ensured compliance, as the practice is still widely upheld in many regions in Nepal. Previous studies have attempted to explain behaviors of policy non-compliance with the roles played by social capital. It has been argued that a group with a high level of bonding social capital, represented by the level of solidarity within the group, may build its own belief system and become an obstacle to national governance. This paper examines whether the behaviors of policy non-compliance are associated with the social capital the community possesses. It uses a survey targeting over 400 local residents in Tikapur, a local community of Southeastern Nepal where half of the residents follow the practice. This study employs ordered logit regression to analyze the effect of social capital on individuals’ perceptions of chhaupadi. The results suggest that bonding social capital is associated with positive perspectives toward the practice and therefore it is more likely to shape non-compliant behaviors to a policy that prohibits the practice of chhaupadi.

결혼이민여성의 보건의료서비스 이용 영향요인 연구: Andersen 모델을 이용한 차이분석을 중심으로

황민철 ( Minchul Hwang ),장익현 ( Ikhyun Jang ) 성균관대학교 국정관리대학원 2017 국정관리연구 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 결혼이민여성이 얼마나 보건의료서비스를 이용하고 있고 이용에 있어 서비스 이용 기관에 따라 차이가 있는지, 있다면 보건의료서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 서비스 기관에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지를 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구는 2012년 다문화가족실태조사의 원 자료를 기반으로 총 12,314명의 결혼이민여성을 본 연구의 샘플로 선정하여 기술통계와 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시했다. 분석에 의하면 서비스 이용 기관에 따른 보건의료서비스접근성에 영향을 요인들이 서로 상이하였다. 구체적으로, 병의원 이용의 결정요인은 거주 기간, 취업, 한국어 실력 등이었으며, 한의원 이용의 결정요인은 거주 기간, 교육 기간, 모국인 친구 등이었다. 또한 보건소 이용의 결정요인은 아동 수, 출신국가, 농어촌 거주, 그리고 약국 이용의 결정요인은 취업, 출신국가, 도시 거주 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 서비스 이용 기관에 따른 결혼이민여성의 서비스 이용 기관별 보건의료서비스 접근성에 있어 장애요인의 개선이 필요하며, 지속적으로 접근성을 증진시키는 정책적 발전방안이 필요함을 보여주고 있다. The aim of this study was to investigate whether immigrant wives utilize health care service and whether there are different patterns in using health care service, among health care service providers, based on Andersen`s behavioral model. As a secondary data analysis, 12,314 immigrant wives who used health care service in 2012 were selected from the 2012 National Survey of Multi-cultural Families. Performing descriptive analysis, there are disparities in the access to health care service by immigrant wives, among health care service providers. Conducting multinomial logistic regression, factors influencing the utilization of health care service were channeled toward very different modes in the access to hospital (e.g. years since migration, employment, Korean language skills), oriental medical clinic (e.g. years since migration, education, friend with the same origins of nationalities, Korean friend ), public health center (e.g. the number of children, country by origin, rural area, friend with the same origins of nationalities) and pharmacy (e.g. employment, country by origin, urban area, friend with the same origins of nationalities). By focusing on the different predictors influencing immigrant wives` unequal patterns in the access to health care service, according to service providers, policy strategies reducing barriers and improving ways in the access to health care service by immigrant wives should be developed.

APP processing and metabolism in corneal fibroblasts and epithelium as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease

Choi, Seung-il,Lee, Boram,Woo, Jong Hwan,Jeong, Jang Bin,Jun, Ikhyun,Kim, Eung Kweon Academic Press 2019 Experimental eye research Vol.182 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily affects the brain and is the most common form of dementia worldwide. Despite more than a century of research, there are still no early biomarkers for AD. It has been reported that AD affects the eye, which is more accessible for imaging than the brain; however, links with the cornea have not been evaluated. To investigate whether the cornea could be used to identify possible diagnostic indicators of AD, we analyzed the proteolytic processing and isoforms of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and evaluated the expression of AD-related genes and proteins in corneal fibroblasts from wild-type (WT) corneas and corneas from patients with granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2), which is related to amyloid formation in the cornea. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to assess the expression of AD-related genes, i.e., <I>APP</I>, <I>ADAM10</I>, <I>BACE1</I>, <I>BACE2</I>, <I>PSEN1</I>, <I>NCSTN</I>, <I>IDE</I>, and <I>NEP</I>. RT-PCR and DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that isoforms of APP770 and APP751, but not APP695, were expressed in corneal fibroblasts. Moreover, the mRNA ratio of APP770/APP751 isoforms was approximately 4:1. Western blot analysis also demonstrated the expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), nicastrin, insulin degradation enzyme, and neprilysin in corneal fibroblasts. Among these targets, the levels of immature ADAM10 and BACE1 protein were significantly increased in GCD2 cells. The expression levels of APP, ADAM10, BACE1, and transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp) were also detected by western blot in human corneal epithelium. We also investigated the effects of inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasomal proteolytic systems (UPS) on APP processing and metabolism. These pathway inhibitors accumulated APP, α-carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs), β-CTFs, and the C-terminal APP intracellular domain (AICD) in corneal fibroblasts. Analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) revealed that miR-9 and miR-181a negatively coregulated BACE1 and TGFBIp, which was directly associated with the pathogenesis of AD and GCD2, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that APP and BACE1 were distributed in corneal stroma cells, epithelial cells, and the retinal layer in mice. Collectively, we propose that the cornea, which is the transparent outermost layer of the eye and thus offers easy accessibility, could be used as a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis and progression.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We analyzed the proteolytic processing of APP in corneal fibroblasts. </LI> <LI> APP770 and APP751, but not APP695, were expressed in corneal fibroblasts. </LI> <LI> ADAM10, BACE1, nicastrin, IDA, and NEP were expressed in corneal fibroblasts. </LI> <LI> Immature ADAM10 and BACE1 proteins were significantly increased in GCD2 cells. </LI> <LI> miRNAs negatively coregulated BACE1 and TGFBIp. </LI> </UL> </P>

청년정책 사각지대 해소 위한 서울시 청년정책 전달체계 구축 방안

변금선(Geum-Sun Byun),이영주(Young-Joo Lee),김기헌(Kihun Kim),장익현(Ikhyun Jang) 서울연구원 2023 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

대학 교육이 초기 경력자의 고용 형태에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

황민철 ( Hwang Min-chul ),이승은 ( Lee Seung Eun ),전미양 ( Jun Miyang ),이지은 ( Lee Jieun ),장익현 ( Jang Ikhyun ) 가톨릭대학교 정부혁신생산성연구소 2017 정부와 정책 Vol.9 No.2

한국 사회에서 대학 교육은 좋은 직장을 가지기 위한 수단으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 대학 진학률의 폭발적인 증가와 노동유연성을 강조하는 신자유주의적 경제 개혁으로 인해 노동 시장에서의 비정규직의 증가와 청년 실업률의 증가가 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 사회에서 대학 교육이 과연취업 여부와 직장의 안정성 여부에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 고찰하고자 한다. 기존 연구에서 대학교육의 외적인 측면을 주로 사용했던 것과는 달리 본 연구에서는 대학 교육의 내용적 특성, 즉 질적 측면을 강조하여 변수화하고자 시도하였다. 전문대졸 이상 비취업/비정규직/정규직으로 나누어 다항 로짓분석과 비정규/정규직으로 나누어 로짓분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 대학졸업장 자체는 취업에 유의미한 결과를 가져오지 않았고, 재학 시절의 인턴십 경험여부가 취업의 가능성과 정규직의 가능성을 유의미하게 더욱 증가시켜주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 대학 졸업 자체가 아니라 대학 교육에 있어서 산학연계 등을 통해 학생들에게 실질적이고 효과적인 실습과 경험을 쌓게 하는 것이 향후 더욱 더 안정적인 직장을 가질 수 있는 발판이 되어주는 것으로 나타났다. The college education is regarded as most important condition to get a decent job in Korea. However, college entrance rate which has increased very fast and economic reform focusing on labor flexibility induces serious social problems, such as increase of youth unemployment rate and non-regular workers. Therefore this research examines the impact of college education on the quality of employment. Previous studies mainly focused on external condition, such as geographical location of school or hierarchical status of school but this research attempts to measure the quality of college education. Firstly individuals with college degree are divided into three categories, unemployment, non-regular job and regular job, then multinomial logit and binomial logit models are employed for analysis. As a result, college degree per se is not significant but internship experience has significant impact to improve the quality of job the graduates get. In other words, the quality of college education is more important than college degree per se in finding decent job. In addition, it is also important for schools to make network with employer so they can help their students to get opportunities for internship or apprenticeship useful for students` future job.