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( Hyunil Kim ),( Jin Woo Kim ),( Hong Jun Park ),( Su Young Kim ),( Hyun-soo Kim ),( Gwang Ho Baik ),( Sung Chul Park ),( Sang Jin Lee ),( Tae-hwa Go ) 대한소화기학회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.1
Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a curative treatment modality for early gastric neoplasms; however, ESD can be a time-consuming process. To overcome this pitfall, we developed the one-step knife (OSK) approach, which combines an endoscopic knife and injection needle on a single sheath. We aimed to evaluate whether this approach could reduce the ESD procedure time. Methods: This single-blinded randomized multicenter trial at four tertiary hospitals from June 2019 to June 2020 included patients aged 19 to 85 years undergoing ESD. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups (OSK or conventional knife [CK]). The injection time, total procedure time, resected specimen size, submucosal fluid amount, degree of device satisfaction, and adverse events were evaluated and compared between groups. Results: Fifty-one patients were analyzed (OSK: 25 patients and CK: 26 patients). No baseline differences were observed between groups, with the exception of a higher portion of males in the OSK group. The mean injection time was significantly reduced in the OSK group (39.0 seconds) compared to that in the CK group (87.5 seconds, p<0.001). A decrease of more than 10 minutes in the total procedure time (18.0 minutes vs 28.1 minutes, p=0.055) in the OSK group compared to the CK group was observed. Second-look esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed two delayed bleeding cases in the OSK group that were easily controlled by endoscopic hemostasis. Conclusions: OSK reduced the injection time and showed a decrease in total procedure time compared with the CK approach. OSK can be a feasible tool for ESD, especially in difficult cases. (Gut Liver 2022;16:44-52)
김성윤(Sung-Yun Kim),강현일(Hyunil Kang),최원석(Won Seok Choi),정연호(Yeun-Ho Joung),임윤식(Yonnsik Lim),유영식(Youngsik Yoo),황현석(Hyun Suk Hwang),송우창(Woo-Chang Song) 대한전기학회 2014 전기학회논문지 P Vol.63 No.4
Graphite electrodes are used for secondary batteries, fuel cells, and super capacitors. Research is underway to increased the reaction area of graphite electrodes used carbon nanotube (CNT) and porous carbon. CNT is limited to device utilization in order to used a metal catalyst by lack of surface area to improve. In contrast carbon nanowall (CNW) is chemically very stable. So this paper, microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system was used to grow carbon nanowall (CNW) on Si substrate with methane (CH₄) and hydrogen (H₂) gases. To find the growth properties of CNW according to the reaction gas ratio, we have changed the methane to hydrogen gas ratios (4:1, 2:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The vertical and surficial conditions of the grown CNW according to the gas ratios were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy measurements showed structure variations.
『순자』의 도덕성 창발(emergence)에 관한 인지적 해명 - 공예 은유와 개념혼성 이론을 중심으로 -
조현일 ( Hyunill Cho ) 한국공자학회 2021 공자학 Vol.43 No.-
순자는 인간 본성을 악한 것으로 규정하는데, 그 악이란 이기적인 본성으로 타인을 향한 선한 경향성의 결여를 의미한다. 인간에게는 선천적으로 도덕성이 내재하지 않지만, 경험 세계에서의 후천적인 경험과 노력으로 도덕성을 획득할 수 있다는 것이 인간 본성과 도덕성에 관한 순자의 철학이다. 그렇다면 순자의 도덕성 기원은 어디이며, 그 획득 과정은 무엇일까? 이 글은 순자의 도덕성 기원을 개념혼성 이론과 개념적 혼성 연결망으로 분석하여, 인간의 창조하는 능력이 도덕성을 창발 하였음을 밝히는 것이다. 그동안 순자의 도덕성 기원을 해명하기 힘들었던 것은 원인-결과의 인과 관계에만 기초했기 때문이다. 즉 내재적으로 도덕성을 갖고 있어야만, 도덕성을 실천할 수 있다는 것이다. 하지만 인간의 모든 사유와 창조물이 이 관계에 기초하는 것은 아니다. 인간의 개념혼성 능력은 기존에 있던 것에 새로운 구조를 부여하여, 기존에 없던 새로운 것을 창조 하는 능력이다. 순자는 예(禮)와 의(義), 학습, 문화적·사회적 규범 등을 혼성하여 내재적으로 없던 도덕성을 만들 수 있다고 했다. 즉 기존에 있던 개념들을 활용하여 도덕성을 창조할 수 있다는 것이 순자의 인지적 사유 체계인 것이다. 인지과학의 개념혼성 이론을 사용하여 도덕성의 기원을 밝힌 이 연구는 자연주의 철학연구 방법을 따른 것으로, 철학과 인지과학을 융합함으로써 철학적 난제를 해결하려는 시도이다. Xunzi defines human nature as intrinsically bad, a self-interested nature that lacks good will toward others. Xunzi’s philosophy about human nature and morality is that even if morality is not intrinsic, it can be achieved through acquired experience and effort in the world. In that case, where does morality come from, and how can it be achieved? This article analyzes the origin of Xunzi’s morality by using conceptual blending theory and conceptual blending network to explain that the human ability for creation makes it possible for morality to emerge. Scholars in classical Chinese philosophy have had difficulty explaining the origin of Xunzi’s morality, since they have tended to relate the concept to causality - that morality can be practiced, provided that it is an intrinsic given. Not all human thoughts and creations, however, are based on a cause-and-effect relationship. The human conceptual blending ability creates novel thought by adding new structures to existing thought. Xunzi argues that morality, which is not an intrinsic given, can be made by blending li(禮), yi(義), education, customs and so on. That is, according to Xunzi’s cognitive structure, morality can be created by employing existing philosophical concepts. This research, clarifying the origin of Xunzi’s morality by employing the conceptual blending theory of cognitive science, follows the philosophical research methods from naturalism and tries to resolve the philosophical issue of morality by combining philosophy and cognitive science.
Automated Lipid Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Film for Ion Channel Measurements
Ryu, Hyunil,Choi, Sangbaek,Park, Joongjin,Yoo, Yeong-Eun,Yoon, Jae Sung,Seo, Young Ho,Kim, Young-Rok,Kim, Sun Min,Jeon, Tae-Joon American Chemical Society 2014 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.86 No.18
<P>A black lipid membrane (BLM) is a powerful platform for studying the electrophysiology of cell membranes as well as transmembrane proteins. However, BLMs have disadvantages in terms of stability, accessibility, and transportability, which preclude their industrial applications. To resolve these issues, frozen membrane precursor (MP) was devised to improve the transportability and storability of BLMs. As described previously, MP is a storable and transportable platform that can be delivered to the point-of-use, where BLMs are automatically formed upon thawing at room temperature. However, MP has an inconsistent thinning-out time, ranging from 30 min to 24 h, as well as a low success rate of BLM formation (∼27%), which make it undesirable for practical use. In our study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced as a replacement for conventionally used Teflon film to control thinning-out time. As such, we used a PDMS thin-film, a porous-structured hydrophobic polymer, and squalene, a high viscosity solvent, to facilitate membrane formation, whereas the absorption rates of solvents were controlled to achieve consistent BLM formation time. We successfully reduced thinning-out time down to <1 h as well as enhanced the success rate of BLM formation to greater than 80%. Moreover, we demonstrated the feasibility of our platform for use in drug screening using gramicidin A and guanidine.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2014/ancham.2014.86.issue-18/ac501397t/production/images/medium/ac-2014-01397t_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac501397t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>