아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 교차 타당화

이형영,윤진상,국승희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 일주기 리듬의 유형을 분류하는 설문지는 일주기 리듬을 연구하고, 교대근무의 적응력을 예측하기 위해 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Smith 등 (1989)의 조합척도를 한국어판으로 표준화한 윤진상 등(1997)의 한국어판 조합척도(Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)를 실제 직장인들에게 적용할 수 있는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간호사 115명(순환교대 근무자 85명, 주간고정 근무자 70명)과 여대생 247명을 대상으로 KtCS와 생활습관 설문지(Life Habit Questionnaire : LHQ)를 배포하였다. 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각에 대해 KtCS 점수의 분포도를 검증하고 백분위 10이하의 점수를 받은 군을 저녁형, 백분위 90이상의 점수를 받은 군을 아침형, 그 중간의 점수를 받은 군을 중간형으로 정의하였다. 두 군 각각에서 KtCS 점수의 내적 일치도를 구하고, 요인 분석을 하였으며, 일주기 리듬의 유형에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 KtCS 점수는 부적으로 편포되어 있었으나 유의하지는 않았고, KtCS의 평균점수에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간호사 군에서 Cronbach alpha는 .836이었으며, “취침과 가상의 선호시간”, “아침의 각성”, “기상시간”의 세 요인이 추출되었는데, 문항 11이 요인 1에 추가적으로 부하된 경우 외에는 본 연구의 여대생 군 및 윤진상 등 (1997)의 요인분석 결과와 거의 동일하였다. 여대생 군에서 KtCS의 내적 일치도는 Cronbach alpha .787이었고, “취침과 기상의 선호시각”, “기상시각”, “아침의 각성” 세 요인이 추출되었다. 또한 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 생활습관에서도 일주기 리듬간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 각성, 수행, 업무 혹은 학습효과가 최고조에 이르는 시간대는 저녁형이 가장 늦고, 다음이 중간형, 아침형 순이었으며, 오전 학습효과는 아침형이, 저녁의 학습효과는 저녁형이 가장 높았으나, 오후의 학습효과에서는 저녁형과 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 취침시각과 기상시각은 저녁형이 가장 늦었지만, 총 수면시간에서는 저녁형, 중간형, 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 간호사에서 KtCS의 심리측정 속성은 여대생에서의 분포도, 내적 일치도, 타당도가 매우 유사하였고, 윤진상 등(1997)의 연구결과와도 유사하여서, KtCS 활용의 일반화 가능성이 시사된다. Objectives : It is necessary to develop a questionnaire to classify the circadian rhythm for studying circadian rhythms and predicting shift work adaptability. This study attempted to confirm the general applicability of “Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)” by Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997), a Korean version of Composite Scale(CS) by Smith et al(1989). Methods : KtCS and Life Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 155 nurses(65 rotating shift nurses,, 70 nurses on a fixed day schedule) and 247 female university students. We tested the distribution of KtCS scores and then subjects were categorized on the basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E), intermediate(I), and morning(M) types. Cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. We obtained the results of the internal consistency and the structure of factors of KtCS. We also compared the difference of life habits according to the circadian rhythm types. Results : In both groups, nurses and female university students, the distributions of KtCS score were negatively skewed but not significantly and the KtCS mean score was not significantly different. In nurses, Cronbach's alpha was 0.836, and three extracted factors were ‘preferred times of performance and going to bed’, ‘rising time’ and ‘morning alertness’. In female university students, Cronbach's alpha was 0.787, and the same three factors as nurses were confirmed. However, only item 11 was loaded to factor 1 for the nurse group, whereas it was loaded to factor 2 for the student group. Life habits significantly differed among the three circadian rhythm types. The time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical) was the latest in the E-type. The quality of academic performance during the morning was the highest in the M-type, and during the evening it was the highest in the E-type, but during the afternoon there was no significant differences among the three types. The bedtime and the rising time were latest in E-type, but the sleep lengths were not significantly different among the three types in both groups. Conclusion : The psychometric properties of KtCS in nurses were very similar to those of female university students and the previous findings of Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997). This result supports that KtCS can be generally applied.

아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 예비연구

윤진상,신상문,국승희,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

Object : The Composite Scale by Smith et al.(1989) has been proposed as an improved measure of morningness-eveningness. This study attempted to endorse that a Korean translation of Composite Scale(KtCs) can be useful to differentiate people according to circadian-rhythm types. Method : KtCS and Life Habit Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 561 university students. LHQ consisted of items questioning sleep habits on weekdays(bedtime, rising time and sleep length), the time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical), time of perceived peak performance(mental, physical and academic), and quality of academic performance during the morning, afternoon and evening. Subjects were categorized on basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E) types, intermediate(I) types, and morning(M) types. The cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. In addition 7 E-type and 7 M-type subjects were selected from the student population who had participated in the previous survey and then, oral temperature of each subject was taken every hour from 08:00 to 22:00. To assess both the internal and the external measurement properties of KtCS, descriptive statistics, reliability and validity were examined. Results : The distribution of KtCS scores was significantly, negatively skewed. The KtCS scores closest to the 10th and 90th percentiles were 26 and 41 respectively. The split-half reliability(.85), test-retest reliability(.91), and internal consistency(Cronbach alpha, .82) were obtained above the expected. Inter-item correlations were all positive and ranged from .10-.59 with a mean of .25. Item-total correlations varied from .33 to .63 with a mean of .45. Common factor analyses confirmed three factors : preferred times of performance and going to bed, arising time, and morning alertness. The validity of KtCS was further demonstrated through strong relationships between the scale and external criteria. A discernable difference in oral temperature between the M-type and the E-type across morning to evening provided additional evidence for validity of the scale. Conclusions : The results would suggest the possibility that KtCS can be employed as a tool for selection of E-type people or M-type people. It is as yet, however, uncertain that KtCS might be suitable to select people for night shiftwork because the subjects of this study are limited to university students. Therefore, future research among varying types of people are required to endorse this study.

항정신병 약물치료하에서 주관적 안녕감을 평가하는 한국형 척도의 개발

윤진상,국승희,이형영,이철,백인호 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 1994년 Naber 등이 개발한 38문항의 '항정신병 약물치료하에서 주관적 안녕감을 평가하는 자가평정척도(a self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being under neuroleptic tre-atment : SWN)'를 문항수를 줄이고 문항내용을 수정하여 한국형으로 개발하고자 하였다 방 법 : 204명의 정신분열병 환자들에게 22문항의 KmSWN과 General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12(GHQ/QL-12)를 실시하였고, 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징을 조사하였다. 자료분석에는 척도에 대한 반응과 정보가 신뢰로운 176명의 자료를 포함시켰다. 첫째, KmSWN의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하였다. 둘째, KmSWN총점과 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징의 관계를 조사하였다. 끝으로 KmSWN의 총점을 예측하는 변인들을 알아보기 위해 KmSWN총점과 유의한 상관이 있는 변인들을 독립변인으로 하고 KmSWN총점을 종속변인으로 하여 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 22문항의 KmSWN중 세문항은 내적 일치도가 낮아서 추후분석에서 제외되었다. 19문항의 KmSWN(KmSWN-19)은 반분신뢰도(.91), 문항간 상관의 평균(.38), 내적 일치도(Cronbach alpha .92)가 높았다. 요인분석에서는 '불만족', '신체 및 정신기능', '정서조절 및 자기통제'의 3개요인이 추출되었다. KsSWN-19총점과 GHQ/QL-12총점간의 상관은 -.83으로 공존타당도가 높았다. 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징중 연령, 용돈, 사회경제적 수준, 과거 입원횟수, 투약에 대한 순응 투약에 대한 만족도는 KmSWN-19 총점과 정적 상관이 있었던 반면, 질병의 심도, 파킨슨 증상의 심도, 지연성 운동장애의 심도, 투약횟수 및 투약을 빠뜨린 횟수는 KmSWN-19 총점과 부적 상관이 있었다, 단계적 중다회귀분석결과, KmSWN-19총점을 유의하게 예측하는 변인은 투약의 만족도, 투약을 빠뜨린 횟수 및 용돈이었으며, 변량의 24%를 설명하였다. 결 론 : KmSWN-19는 정신분열병 외래환자의 주관적 안녕감을 측정하는 자기평정척도로서 신뢰롭고, 타당하며 실용적임이 확인되었다. 아울러 KmSWN-19는 항정신병 약물과 관련한 주관적 안녕감에만 특이한 척도가 아니라, 척도에 응답할 수 있는 모든 정신분열병 환자나 기타 정신증 환자들에게 적용할수 있는 일반적 척도임이 시사되었다. 한편, KmSWN-19총점에 대해 독립변인들의 설명변량이 크지 않는 점을 주관적 안녕감 혹은 삶의 질의 평가에서 개인의 가치나 신념, 성격특성 같은 개인내적 특성을 고려해야 할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean modification of SWN(KmSWN), based on the original 38-item SWN(a self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being under neuroleptic treatment)by Naber et. al. In 1994, but containing the reduced number of items and the modified content. Methods: The KmSWN with 22 items and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12(GHQ/QL-12) were administered to 204 out-patients with schizophrenia. Also, their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were investigated. Data analyses were conducted based on 176 patients whose responses to the scale, as well as whose related informations, were reliable. First, the reliability and validity of KmSWN were assessed comprehensively. Second, the relationships between the total score of KmSWN and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined. Finally, in order to identify the predictable variables on the total score of KmSWN, the stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, where the inde-pendent variables were already shown significant correlations with the total score of KmSWN. Results : Three of 22 items of KmSWN were excluded from the following analysis due to their poor internal consistency. KmSWN comprised with 19 items(KmSWN-19) showed high levels of spilt-half reliability(.91), mean of inter-item correlations(.38) and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha .92). Factor analysis of the KmSWN-19 revealed that a three-factor solution accounted for 100% of total explained variance. The three factors were interpreted as 'diss-atisfaction','physical and mental functioning', 'emotional regulation and self-control', The concurrent validity of KmSWN-19 with GHQ/QL-12 was very high(-.83). Of the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, age, disposable money, socioeconomic level, number of previous hospitalizations, compliance with medication and satisfaction with medication were positively correlated with the total score of KmSWN-19, while severity of illness, severity of parkinsonism, severity of dyskinesia, administration frequency of medication and omission number of medication were negatively correlated. However, the total score of KmSWN-19 was not correlated with medication, the omission number of medication and the disposable money were significantly contributed to the total score of KmSWN-19, and they explained 24% of the variance. Conclusions : The above findings indicated that KmSWN-19 was a reliable, valid and pra-ctical self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being in out-patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, KmSWN-19 seemed to be a general scale applicable to all the schizophrenic or other psychotic patients if they were able to complete it, rather a specific scale only for the patients undergoing the neuroleptic treatment. Based on the results of the predictable variables on the total score of KmSWN-19, one may argue that intra-individual characteristics such as value, belief and personality traits, although they were not evaluated in this study, should be considered in assessing subjective well-being or the quality of life.

비만세포주에서 Histamine 유리에 관한 연구

김형룡,국윤아,신민,이홍수,원진숙,김형민,이영미,정헌택,이혜숙,안녕형 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1995 생명공학연구소보 Vol.3 No.1

Tripledecker 착물, (CpCo)_2(C_4R_4)과 Alkyne과의 반응

嚴在國,李元植,金碩峯,車震淳,李炯秀,李東鎬,金洪碩,沈相喆 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1993 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.1993 No.1

트리플데카 착물류, bis-(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,2,3,4-tetraalkylcyclobutadiene)dicobalt들은 Jonas시약과 2-hexyne 또는 3-hexyne을 실온에서 동량으로 반응시킬때, 50% 이상의 최대 수율이 얻어졌다. 한 종류의 트리플데카 착물인 bis-(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,2,3,4-tetraalkylcyclobutadiene)dicobalt(13)는 실온에서 3-hexyne과 반응시키면, 착물 (η^5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt-acyclopentadiene-μ-(η^4-2,4-cobaltacyclope-ntadiene)(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(15)로 이성화되었다. 다른 한 종류의 트리플데카 착물, bis-(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dipropyl-cyclobutadiene)dicobalt(14)를 2-hexyne 과 반응시켰더니 1,3,5-tri-methyl-2,4,6-tripropyl benzene화합물이 생성되었다. The tripledecker complexes, bis-(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,2,3,4-tetraalkylcyclobutadiene)dicobalt were produced by the reaction of Jonas reagent with 2-hexyne and 3-hexyne in the maxi-mum yield(above 50%) when they were reacted in eq-molar amounts at room temperature. A tripledecker complexes,bis-(η^2-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,2,3,4-tetraalkylcyclobutadiene)dicobalt(13) was isomerized to (η^5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt-acyclopentadiene-μ-(η^4-2,4-cobaltacyclope-ntadiene)(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(15) on reacting with 3-hexyne at room temperature. Another tripledecker complex, bis-(η^5-cyclopentadienyl)-μ-(η^4-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dipropyl-cyclobutadiene)dicobalt(14) was decomposed to give 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trip-ropylbenzene through an intermediate complex by the reaction of 2-hexyne.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

아침형과 저녁형 사람에서 야간의 졸리움, 수행 및 체온의 비교

윤진상,국승희,신일선,신만식,최영,이무석,이형영 大韓睡眠-精神生理學會 1994 수면·정신생리 Vol.1 No.1

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究 Ⅰ : 體育專攻 大學生을 中心으로 Emphasised on College Men of Physical Education

金尙國,姜東洹,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,李錫元 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the characterists and change in physique and physical function by college student of physical education major(287males and 40 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results were as following; 1) The characteristics of physique and physical function by sex and age. ① The male group of 18yrs old showed higher values in Height, Weight, Upper Limb Length, Strength, Flexibility, and Vital Capacity than any other groups, but female group showed lower values in Height, Weight, Chest Girth, Lower Limb Length, Thigh, Girth, Calf Girth and all of the Physical function. ② The male group of 19yrs old showed high values in power and Agility, then female group showed in Strength and Flexibility. ③ The male group of 20yrs old showed the lower values in Weight, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girh.Calf Girth, Vital Capacity, and female group are very lowed in Upper Arm Lenght, Fore Arm Length, Skin Fold Thickness and 5 minute Run. ④ The male group of 23yrs old showed the high values in Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth and Balance, and then female group higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Waist Girth, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Power, Shuttle Run, Balance and vital capacity than any other age Groups. ⑤ In male group, Chest Girth, and Blood Pressure were significantly related, and Side Step and Trunk Extension were nagatively related to the age at 0.1% level, and then in female group, Sargent Jump, Standing Long Jump and Vital Capacity were showed a significantly related at 0.5% level. 2) The difference of physique and physical function between male and female by age. ① Everage difference in whole physique items except skinfold thickness was 9.8%, and that 21.1% in all of physical function except Trunk Flextion between male and female group subjects. ② About the ages, the 18yrs old male group showed the 22.8% higher values of 26 items, but 22yrs old male group were about 12.2% in 23 items, thus it is very lower than any other groups. 3) The difference of physique and physical function between General group and physical education group in age-matched. ① In the physique male physical education groups showed about 7% higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Upper Limb Length, Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, and female group showed about 7% higher in Weight and Upper Limb Length. ② In the physical function, Trunk Flextion, 5 minute Run, and Blood Pressure(Diastolic) were about 8% high values in whole group, and female group showed about 8% higher in Standing Long Jump, Shuttle Run, and Trunk Extension. ③ In 22yrs old male and female physical education group were very dominated in physique and physical function than the other age group against the general group.

Eysenck의 성격차원과 수면특성의 관계

이형영,국승희,윤진상,신일선 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 수면은 생리적 현상이므로 이를 성격과 관련짓기 위해서는 생물학적 이론에 기초한 성격평가도구의 선택이 바람직하다. 따라서 본 연구는 생물학적 성격차원이론을 체계화한 Eysenck의 성격차원과 수면특성의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종합대학교 남녀학생 532명을 대상으로 주중 수면습관과 수면장애를 묻는 설문지, Eysenck의 성격차원 검사를 실시하여 509명의 자료를 얻었다. 네가지 성격차원(정신병적 경향성, 신경증적 경향성, 외향성, 허위성)점수, 주중 수면습관과 수면장애의 기술 통계치를 산출하였으며, 이들 성격차원과 수면특성(주중 수면습관, 수면장애)의 관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 적률상관을 산출하였다. 결 과 : 연구대상자의 네가지 성격차원 점수와 주중 수면습관은 정상범위였고, 가장 빈도가 높은 수면장애는 입면의 어려움이었으며, 가장 빈도가 낮은 수면장애는 몽유였다. 정신병적 경향성과 주중 취침시각, 기상시각, 수면잠복기, 깨는 빈도, 수면의 규칙성, 낮잠과 깜박잠의 빈도와 지속시간 및 입면의 어려움을 포함한 수면장애는 정적 상관이 있었고, 수면의 질, 일주기 리듬의 점수는 유의미한 부적 상관이 있었다. 신경증적 경향성과 수면습관 및 수면장애의 관계도 이와 유사하였다. 외향성은 수면의 질 및 일주기 리듬의 점수와 정적 상관이 있었으나 수면장애와는 관계가 없었다. 허위성은 일주기 리듬의 점수와 정적 상관이 있었으며, 수면잠복기, 수면의 규칙성, 낮잠과 깜박잠의 빈도 및 지속시간, 수면장애와 부적 상관이 있었다. 결 론 : 정신병적 경향성과 신경증적 경향성이 높을수록 수면습관이 더 좋지 않았고, 수면장애의 빈도가 높았다. 외향성이 높을수록 수면의 질이 좋았고, 아침형에 근접하였다. 허위성이 높을수록 아침형에 근접하고, 수면이 더 규칙적이었으며, 주간의 졸음이 적었고, 수면장애의 종류 및 빈도가 적었다. 이러한 결과는 Eysenck의 성격차원과 수면특성이 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시사한다. Objectives : In order to evaluate the possible relationship between sleep and personality characteristics, it is desirable to adopt the personality theory with biological basis because sleep is a physiological phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to investigate their possible relationship using the personality dimensions of Eysenck, which is well known as a biological personality theory. Methods : Sleep Questionnaires regarding the weekday sleep habits and the sleep disorders and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire were administered to 532 university students. Data analysis was based on 509 students who gave reliable information. Firstly, the descriptive statistics of the scores on four personality dimensions(psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, lie) and sleep characteristics were obtained. Secondly, the possible relationships between each personality dimension and sleep characteristics(the weekday sleep habits and sleep disorders) were tested by calculating Pearson's product moment correlations. Results : The four personality dimensions' scores and weekday sleep habits of subjects were within a normal range. The highest frequency of sleep disorder was induction difficulty of sleep and the lowest was sleep walking. Psychoticism was positively correlated with bedtime, rise time, sleep latency, number of awakening, regularity of sleep, frequency and duration of nap and doze, frequency of sleep disorders, while negatively correlated with the quality of sleep, and the score of circadian rhythm. The correlations between neuroticism and sleep characteristics were similar to those of psychoticism. Extraversion was positively correlated with the quality of sleep and the score of circadian rhythm, while not correlated with sleep disorders. Lie was positively correlated with the score of circadian rhythm, but negatively correlated with sleep latency, regularity of sleep, frequency and duration of nap and doze, and sleep disorders. Conclusions : The higher psychoticism and neuroticism, the poorer sleep habits and the higher frequency of sleep disorders. The higher extraversion, the better quality of sleep and the closer morningness. The higher lie, the closer morningness, the more regularity of sleep, the less sleepiness of daytime, and the less frequency of sleep disorders. These findings suggest that there exist the close relationships between Eysenck's personality dimensions and sleep characteristics.

치성낭종으로부터 유래된 편평상피세포암종 : Report of a Case & Review of Literatures

권혁진,현재훈,박형국,김용각 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1997 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.19 No.2

Odontogenic cysts are relatively common pathologic lesions found in the oral and perioral structures, but the case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from those cysts are very uncommon. After first reported of that case in 1889 by Herman, Schwimmer collected 56 cases of previously reported squamous cell carcinoma arising in residual odontogenic cyst during about past one century. More than 60% of cases of carcinoma developing in odontogenic cysts arising in inflammatory periapical or residual cyst, and these tumors are usually well-differentiated with relatively good prognosis, and often are diagnosed as benign lesion in radiographic or clinical examination, therefore definitive diagnosis must be made by histologic examintation. We report a case and review the literatures, in our case, 78-year old woman were clinically and radiographically diagnosed as residual odontogenic cyst. But in histologic examination after enucleation of lesion, mass of squamous cell carinoma were observed, but in other area, typical cyst wall and lining epithelium were observed. And in some area, carcinoma in situ and invading squamous cell carcinoma into the lining epithlium were also observed.