http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Heidegger on Being Human: A Critique of a Desire of Immediacy and Moral Ambiguity
박형국 연세대학교 신과대학 연합신학대학원 2018 신학논단 Vol.94 No.-
This essay appraises critically Heidegger’s de-metaphysical understanding of human beings in fundamental ontology. He attempts to retrieve the forgotten truth of the Being of beings through what he calls the destruction of traditional metaphysics and the step-back to a pre-Socratic thought. Heidegger argues that traditional metaphysics since Plato and Aristotle erased original truth of the Being of beings. The idea of the destruction of traditional metaphysics and as its alternative fundamental ontology seem radical and thought-provoking. The author tries to inquire into and appraise critically Heidegger's de-metaphysical understanding of human beings in fundamental ontology. Especially by way of raising a question of a certain latent complicity between fundamental ontology and violence, the author casts a suspicion on whether Heidegger’s de-metaphysical understanding of human beings can be a watershed. The author argues that although Heidegger's de-metaphysical understanding of human beings remains ground-breaking in terms of the destruction of traditional metaphysics, it remains ambivalent ethically in that its preoccupation with origin and essence seems to be caught by a certain covert desire for hidden or lost immediacy (nostalgia). Heidegger curtails severely the detour of natural and historical mediacy because of a desire for immediacy, and as a result, ironically exposes to the danger of bare evil and violence, as the failure of his political engagement and moral ambiguity shows. Therefore, the author suggests a critique that Heidegger’s de-metaphysical understanding of human beings, based on original fundamental ontology, falls short of a watershed.
교사용 평가문항 서비스 사이트의 개선을 위한 사용편의성 평가 사례 연구- 한국교육과정평가원의 평가문항 서비스 시스템을 중심으로 -
박형국,홍선주 한국교육과정평가원 2006 교육과정평가연구 Vol.9 No.2
This case study implemented a usability test to improve the Item Service Site that provides about 16,800 items for K-12 teachers. It reviewed the concept of usability and usability test, and the general criteria and methods that are generally used for usability testing. This study recruited 6 participants and employed the retrospective testing method. It discussed the usability of the site in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, learnerability, error tolerance and system integrity, and user satisfaction. The participants performed the tasks of searching items, collecting items, classifying items, downloading items, and making/revising tests using the items while doing 'think aloud' and their behaviors and utterances were video-recorded. Through the video analysis, the researchers produced the 1st round findings and developed the interview questions. Then, the researchers used the stimulated recall to interview the participants. The interviews were conducted to get the confirmation on the 1st round findings from the participants, and to seek the additional comments about problems and improvements. These interviews were also video-recorded and analyzed. The 2nd round findings were produced based on the 1st round findings and the stimulated-recall interviews. Through the analysis, the usability problems were identified and the suggestions were devised based on the criteria mentioned above. 본 연구에서는 사용편의성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 효과성, 효율성, 학습용이성, 시스템 완전성, 만족도 등에 비추어 초ㆍ중ㆍ고 교사에게 평가문항을 제공하는 평가문항 서비스 사이트의 사용편의성을 평가하였다. 검사 방법으로는 반성적 검사 방법(retrospective testing)을 사용하였고, 검사에는 6명의 초ㆍ중ㆍ고 교사들이 참여하였다. 우선 참여 교사들에게 평가문항 서비스 사이트를 사용하여 필요한 문항을 검색 및 활용하는 과제들을 소리 내며 생각하기(think aloud)를 하면서 수행하게 하였고, 이를 녹화 분석하여 1차 분석 자료를 생성하였다. 녹화된 비디오를 보면서 인터뷰를 수행하는 자극회상기법(stimulated recall)을 사용하여 연구자들은 참여 교사들과 함께 비디오 자료를 보면서 1차 분석된 내용을 교사들에게 확인하고 추가적인 개선 사항들을 얻어내었다. 이 인터뷰 역시 녹화하였으며, 인터뷰 녹화 자료와 1차 분석 자료를 기반으로 2차 분석을 수행하였다. 1~2차 분석을 통하여 사이트의 주요 메뉴와 기능별 사용상의 문제점들을 밝히고, 이에 대한 개선안을 제안하였다.
폴킹혼과 맥그래스의 자연신학에 대한 소고 — <기포드 강연>을 중심으로
박형국 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2022 신학사상 Vol.- No.199
In this essay the author investigates an ontological vision and implication of a revised natural theology which contemporary scientist-theologians John Polinghorne and Alister E. McGrath propose in their Gifford Lecture. The author would like to deepen and enlarge its ontological meaning by reflecting on their proposal regarding natural theology. One can expect that two scientist-theologians’ renewed natural theology can be a signpost that points to a deeper and larger ontological interpretation which, in turn, encourages the best explanation and understanding of the cosmos through a collaboration of Christian theology and natural sciences. Contemporary scientism tends to pursue a reductive understanding of the cosmos and things. The author argues that an endeavor to deepen and widen the ontological interpretation of God, the world, and human beings can be the way to transform radically the modus vivendi as well as the understanding of nature, while overcoming scientism or scientific reductionism and preventing ecological disasters such as the climate crisis which is affecting the whole globe. 논자는 이 논문에서 유서 깊은 <기포드 강연>에서 폴킹혼과 맥그래스가 제안한 새로운 자연신학에 대한 존재론적 전망과 함의를 연구한다. 나아가 두 강연자가 제안하는 자연신학을 성찰함으로써 그 존재론적 의미를 심화 확대하고자 한다. 두 과학신학자가 제안하는 자연신학은 기독교 신학과 과학이 함께 협력하여 최상의 설명과 해석을 추구하는 점에서 우주와 사물들에 대한 존재론적 이해를 심화 확대하는 길잡이 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 오늘날의 과학주의는 우주와 사물들에 대한 환원적인 이해를 추구하는 경향이 있다. 논자는 새로운 자연신학이 지향하는 바와 같이 신, 세계, 그리고 인간을 포괄하는 존재론적 의미를 심화 확대하는 노력이 환원적인 과학주의를 지양하고 현재 인류가 직면한 기후 위기 또는 기후 재앙을 포함한 생태계 재난의 현실을 새롭게 변화시킬 근본적인 삶의 실천으로 안내할 수 있는 길임을 주장한다.
박형국 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원 2018 장신논단 Vol.50 No.4
In this essay while paying attention to twin theological impasses regarding divine action posed by rationally/scientifically-minded modern critics, I raise a question of whether some recent scientist(or philosopher)-theologians’ strong appeal to the idea of divine kenosis gives rise to the restraint of divine freedom. By reviewing briefly and reflecting critically their discourses and arguments of divine action, I attempt to show that scientist(or philosopher)-theologians tend to appeal too strongly to the idea of divine kenosis to secure the complete freedom of created agencies, that is, incompatibilist libertarian view of freedom and to loosen the problem of evil, however, the result is the restriction of divine freedom. Thus, after considering two alternative viable options, that is, Tanner’s and Tracy’s, I propose a strategy of combining the kenosis theology with the idea of double-agency which can be a more promising path to secure both divine and human freedom.