가상의 아바타와 악수 시 아바타의 인지와 관련된 뇌 메커니즘 : 선행 연구

이형래(Hyeongrae Lee),구정훈(Jeonghun Ku),이원호(Wonho Lee),한기완(Kiwan Han),박진식(Jinsick Park),김세진(Jae-Jin Kim),김인영(In Young Kim),김선일(Sun I. Kim) 한국HCI학회 2008 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.2

가상현실은 감각기관(시각, 청각, 촉각)에 전달하는 정보를 조작하여 실제적인 가상의 3차원환경을 사용자에게 제공한다. 최근에는 가상현실은 아바타라는 객체의 등장으로 단순히 사용자에게 가상의 공간을 제공하는 것을 넘어서서 가상의 공간에서 타인을 대변하는 아바타와 여러 상호작용을 통해서 또 다른 하나의 가상의 사회를 제공할 수 있는 도구로 자리 잡고 있다. 실제 사회에서의 사회적인 관계에서는 타인과 직접적인 상호작용이 많이 발생하게 되는데, 기존의 연구들은 아바타와 실제적인 상호작용을 하는 환경이 아니었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 가상의 아바타와 실제로 상호작용을 할 때 아바타를 어떻게 인지하는 지를 알아보기 위해서 가상환경에서 아바타를 만나서 악수를 청하였을 때 아바타가 악수를 받아들이거나 거절하는 환경을 구현하여 뇌 기능영상 연구를 수행하였다. 아바타의 행동이 어떠한 느낌을 주었는지를 알아본 설문지 결과에서 악수를 받아들인 아바타에 대해서는 긍정적이고, 적절한 행동을 한다고 받아들인 반면, 악수를 거부한 아바타 에서는 나에게 부정적인 감정을 가지고 있고 거부하고 있다고 피험자가 인식한 것으로 나타났다. 뇌 기능영상 분석 결과 상대 아바타가 악수를 받아준 경우와 거절한 경우 공통적으로 the primary visual area, the visual association area, the SMA, the premotor area과 the cerebellum등의 영역에서 뇌 활성화가 나타났다. 설문결과와 fMRI 분석 결과 이는 피험자가 아바타를 나와 구별되는 사회적인 객체로 인지하였고, 아바타의 동작도 사회적 의미가 있는 동작으로 받아 들였다는 것을 의미한다. 다르게 말해 가상의 아바타가 행동을 통해서 사회적 context 뿐만 아니라 감정도 전달이 가능하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 fMRI 환경에서 실제로 상호작용이 가능한 환경에서 아바타의 행동에 대한 사용자의 인지를 알아보았다는 것에 의의가 있다고 하겠다. It provides a three-dimensional virtual experience consisting of information presented to and perceived by the senses of the user. Recently, the advent of a virtual avatar, which mimics the appearance and behavior of humans, enable that the virtual reality (VR) can provide not only a virtual space but also a virtual society to be interact with a virtual avatar which represents humans. But, it is impossible that the user directly interacts with the VE in previous studies, though direct interactions occur in real social relationship. Therefore, In this study, we know that the cognition about a avatar when the user directly interacts with the virtual avatar in the VE. In order to investigate this purpose, we performed a fMRI study using VE that a avatar accept or reject the user's offer when the user offer his (or her) hand to a avatar. In result of questionnaire about the user's feeling by avatar's action, the user feels about avatar's acceptance action that the avatar acts positively and suitably. In contrast the user feels about avatar's rejective action that the avatar acts negatively and disapprovingly. In result of fMRI analysis, the primary visual area, the visual association area, the SMA, the premotor area, the cerebellum and etc. activate in common with the other avatar's acceptance action and rejective action. The results show that the subject recognizes not only avatars as social objects but also avatar's action as socially meaningful action. In other words, it is possible to transfer social context and emotion through avatar's action.

가상현실에서 아바타을 통한 정보전달 시 뇌의 활성화와 현존감의 관계

이형래(Hyeongrae Lee),구정훈(Jeonghun Ku),김소영(Soyoung Kim),윤강준(K J Yoon),남상원(Sang-Won Nam),김재진(Jae-Jin Kim),김인영(In Young Kim),김선일(Sun I. Kim) 한국인지과학회 2006 인지과학 Vol.17 No.4

운동 표상과 관련된 뇌 메커니즘을 알아보기 위한 VR 시스템 개발 및 이를 이용한 fMRI 연구 : 예비 실험

이원호(Wonho Lee),구정훈(Jeonghun Ku),조상우(SangWoo Cho),이형래 (HyeongRae Lee),한기완(KiWan Han),박진식(JinSick Park),김재진(JaeJin Kim),김인영 (In Young Kim),김선일(Sun I. Kim) 한국HCI학회 2008 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.2

본 연구는 운동 표상에 관한 뇌 메커니즘의 이해를 위해 fMRI를 이용한 측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템의 검증을 위해 예비 실험을 시행하였다. fMRI task는 visual feedback을 제공하는 task와 차단하는 task 두 가지의 task로 구성되었다. 실험 결과 visual feedback이 제공되었을 때는 left superior orbital gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right thalamus, right postcentral gyrus 그리고 right superior parietal lobule 같은 영역들이 활성화 되었다. Visual feedback이 차단되었을 때는 left precuneus, right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral sunplementarv motor area, right anterior cingulate cortex, left Inferior temporal gyrus, left insula lobe, right superior parietal lobule, bilateral postcentral gyrus 그리고 left precentral gyrus 같은 영역들이 활성화 되었다. 개발된 시스템을 통해서 visual feedback이 차단되었을 경우 운동 표상에 관한 뇌 메커니즘을 알아 볼 수 있었다. In this study, we developed motor representation brain mechanism system using fMRI and pilot study is performed. fMRI task were composed two tasks, which provided visual feedback and hid visual feedback. Left superior orbital gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right thalamus, right postcentral gyrus and right superior parietal lobule activated with visual feedback. Left precuneus, right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, right anterior cingulate cortex, left Inferior temporal gyrus, left insula lobe, right superior parietal lobule, bilateral postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus activated without visual feedback. We could found brain mechanism of motor representation using without visual feedback.

SEA 를 이용한 Dash panel grommet 투과 손실 측정의 검증

이민규(Minkyu Lee),이형래(Hyeongrae Lee),강연준(Yeonjune Kang) 한국소음진동공학회 2017 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Cortical Volumetric Correlates of Childhood Trauma, Anxiety, and Impulsivity in Bipolar Disorder

Song Hyehyun,Chon Myong-Wuk,Ryu Vin,Yu Rina,Lee Dong-Kyun,Lee Hyeongrae,Lee Wonhye,Lee Jung Hyun,Park Dong Yeon 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.7

Objective More recently, attention has turned to the linkage between childhood trauma and emotional dysregulation, but the evidence in bipolar disorder (BD) is limited. To determine neurobiological relationships between childhood trauma, current anxiety, and impulsivity, we investigated cortical volumetric correlates of these clinical factors in BD.Methods We studied 36 patients with DSM-5 BD and 29 healthy controls. Childhood trauma, coexisting anxiety, and impulsivity were evaluated with the Korean version-Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Korean version-Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Korean version-Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess gray matter volume (GMV) alterations on the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial correlation analyses were conducted to examine associations between the GMV and each scale in the BD group.Results Childhood trauma, anxiety, and impulsivity were interrelated in BD. BD patients revealed significant inverse correlations between the GMV in the right precentral gyrus and CTQ scores (r=-0.609, p<0.0003); between the GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus and BAI scores (r=-0.363, p=0.044). Moreover, patients showed similar tendency of negative correlations between the GMV in the right precentral gyrus and BIS scores; between the GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus and CTQ scores.Conclusion The present study provides evidence for a neural basis between childhood trauma and affect regulations in BD. The GMV alterations in multiple frontal lobe areas may represent neurobiological markers for anticipating the course of BD.

스크립트를 이용한 운동체 형상 설계 및 가시화

김형래(Hyeongrae Kim),김창환(Changhwan Kim),박정기(Jungghie Park),이동준(Dongjoon Lee) 한국정보과학회 2012 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.39 No.2B

XSLT를 이용한 RTI Message EnDecode용 Code Generator 개발 방법

김형래(Hyeongrae Kim),전정훈(Junghun Jin),이동준(Dongjun Lee) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.2B

시뮬레이션의 상호 연동성을 위한 표준 기술인 High Level Architecture(HLA)의 인터페이스 구현물인 Run-Time Infrastructure(RTI)는 시뮬레이션 연동 객체 모델(Federation Object Model)을 기준으로 정보를 교환한다. 이 정보 교환 과정에는 데이터가 처리되는 서로 다른 시스템들 사이의 호환성을 지원하고 사용자가 데이터 처리 기능을 쉽게 구현할 수 있는 편의성을 제공하기 위한 연동 객체 모델에 해당하는 메시지 인코딩과 디코딩 과정이 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 RTI상에서 연동 객체 모델들 사이의 정보 교환에 필요한 XSLT(eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)을 이용한 RTI 메시지 EnDecode용 Code Generator 개발 방법론을 제안한다.

Detection of Suicide Attempters among Suicide Ideators Using Machine Learning

Seunghyong Ryu,Hyeongrae Lee,Dong-Kyun Lee,Sung-Wan Kim,Chul-Eung Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.8

Objective We aimed to develop predictive models to identify suicide attempters among individuals with suicide ideation using a machine learning algorithm. Methods Among 35,116 individuals aged over 19 years from the Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey, we selected 5,773 subjects who reported experiencing suicide ideation and had answered a survey question about suicide attempts. Then, we performed resampling with the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) to obtain data corresponding to 1,324 suicide attempters and 1,330 non-suicide attempters. We randomly assigned the samples to a training set (n=1,858) and a test set (n=796). In the training set, random forest models were trained with features selected through recursive feature elimination with 10-fold cross validation. Subsequently, the fitted model was used to predict suicide attempters in the test set. Results In the test set, the prediction model achieved very good performance [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.947] with an accuracy of 88.9%. Conclusion Our results suggest that a machine learning approach can enable the prediction of individuals at high risk of suicide through the integrated analysis of various suicide risk factors.

Network Structures of Social Functioning Domains in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Study

Seunghyong Ryu,Hyeongrae Lee,Dong-Kyun Lee,Hee Jung Nam,Young-Chul Chung,Sung-Wan Kim 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.4

Objective: This study used network analyses to examine network structures reflecting interactions between specific domains of social functioning in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: We used the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) to assess six domains of social functioning (‘cognition’, ‘mobility’, ‘self-care’, ‘getting along’, ‘life activities’, and ‘participation’) in 143 patients with SZ, 81 patients with BD, and 106 healthy subjects. We constructed regularized partial correlation networks, estimated network centrality and edge strength, tested network stability, and compared SZ and BD network structures. Results: Patients with SZ showed a significantly higher level of functional disability than patients with BD. In the networks we constructed, ‘cognition’ was the most central domain of social functioning in both SZ and BD. The ‘cognition’ domain was primarily associated with the ‘getting along’ domain in the SZ network and the ‘life activities’ domain in the BD network. We found no significant group-level differences in network structures for SZ vs. BD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cognition may play a pivotal role in social functioning in both SZ and BD. In addition, domains of social functioning in SZ and BD have similar network structures despite the higher level of disability in SZ compared to BD.

한국 범종의 음질 평가 방법 고찰

성원찬(Weonchan Sung),이형래(HyeongRae Lee),강연준(Yeonjune Kang) 한국소음진동공학회 2013 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The appearance of the Korean bell is exceptional comparing to that of other bells. The sound of the Korean bell is also distinguishable because of its remarkable appearance. The sound of the Korean bell is composed of striking sound and residue sound. This study focuses mainly on the striking sound of the Korean bell. The primary purpose of this study is to suggest a proper sound quality evaluation method for Korean bell. To implement this study, examine the formerly established methods which are method using rating method and method using generally used Psychoacoustics metrics. Also, subjective Sound Quality evaluation was conducted to compare the results of method using rating method and the method using psychoacoustics metrics.