<i>In vivo</i> genotoxicity evaluation of lung cells from Fischer 344 rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to MWCNTs, plus 28 days and 90 days post-exposure

Kim, Jin Sik,Sung, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Byung Gil,Ryu, Hyeon Yeol,Song, Kyung Seuk,Shin, Jae Hoon,Lee, Jong Seong,Hwang, Joo Hwan,Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Gun Ho,Jeon, Kisoo,Ahn, Kang Ho,Yu, Il Je Informa Healthcare 2014 INHALATION TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

<P>Despite their useful physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to cause concern over occupational and human health due to their structural similarity to asbestos. Thus, to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on lung cells <I>in vivo</I>, eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups (each group = 25 animals), a fresh air control (0 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), low (0.17 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), middle (0.49 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), and high (0.96 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) dose group, and exposed to MWCNTs <I>via</I> nose-only inhalation 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 28 days. The count median length and geometric standard deviation for the MWCNTs determined by TEM were 330.18 and 1.72 nm, respectively, and the MWCNT diameters ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Lung cells were isolated from five male and five female rats in each group on day 0, day 28 (only from males) and day 90 following the 28-day exposure. The total number of animals used was 15 male and 10 female rats for each concentration group. To determine the genotoxicity of the MWCNTs, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was conducted on the rat lung cells. As a result of the exposure, the olive tail moments were found to be significantly higher (<I>p</I> < 0.05) in the male and female rats from all the exposed groups when compared with the fresh air control. In addition, the high-dose exposed male and middle and high-dose exposed female rats retained DNA damage, even 90 days post-exposure (<I>p</I> < 0.05). To investigate the mode of genotoxicity, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, TGF- β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) were also measured. For the male rats, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels were significantly higher in the middle (0 days post-exposure) and high- (0 days and 28 days post-exposure) dose groups (<I>p</I> < 0.05). Conversely, the female rats showed no changes in the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels. The inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid did not show any statistically significant difference. Interestingly, the short-length MWCNTs deposited in the lung cells were persistent at 90 days post-exposure. Thus, exposing lung cells to MWCNTs with a short tube length may induce genotoxicity.</P>

메틸기 부족 식이의 섭취와 섭취시기가 화학적 발암원으로 유도된 전암성 간병변 생성에 미치는 영향

김현아,김초일,최혜미 A.R. Liss 1994 ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS Vol.14 No.2

급성 신부전증을 초래한 Wegener씨 육아종증 1례

박일,임영국,최성도,임현성,정종훈,문철웅 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

호흡기 증상과 급성신부전증이 발생된 환자에서 혈액검사, 혈청학적 검사, 방사선학적 검사, ANCA test 및 신생검을 통하여 Wegener씨 육아종증을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 본질환이 재발하는 경우는 cyclophosphamide에서 azathioprine으로 치료약을 바꾸었을때나 특히 ANCA 반응이 양성으로 지속시 발생한다. Godman과 Churg는 상기도의 괴사성 육아성 병변, 하기도의 괴사성 혈관염, 국한성 신사구체염을 진단의 지표로 삼았다. 특히 상기도 점막의 생검 소견상 괴사성 육아성 혈관염이 보이면 일단 본 증을 의심하고 폐 생검과 신 생검이 필요로 한다. Wegener's Granulomatosis is an uncommon disease which is characterized by granulomatous vasculitis of both lung and kidney. Although the cause is unknown, it's suggesting that disordered immunity with both antibody and cell-mediated tissue damage occurs. The disease affects patients of any age. Characteristic clinical manifestations are diverse but in clude saddle nose deformity, sinusitis, productive coughing, myalgia, fever etc. Characteristic laboratory abnormalities include elevated ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia and positive test for ANCA test. Renal biopsy is important for diagnosis. The treatment of choice is a combination of corticosteroid and cytotoxic agent. A53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of productive coughing, short of breathing, oliguria, nausea, and vomiting. Three months ago, she was suffered from general weakness, poor appetite, tingling sensation on extremity, and loosely stool. Twenty days ago, above symptoms were aggravated, she admitted local clinic. Six days ago, because of CBC showed anemia , she was done transfusion. During transfusion, she was developed urticaha then productive coughing, dyspnea, increased serum BUN and creatinine levels. She was transferred to our hospital under the impression of ARF. On the admission, she was chronic ill-looking appearance with pale conjunctiva, tachypnea, dyspnea, and cold sweating. We have checked the patient by CBC, serum and serologic test, X-ray, ANCA test, renal biopsy. With renal biopsy microscopic examination study revealed necrotizing vasculitis, We treated a combination therapy with methyl-PDS and cyclophosphamide. She had a good response. So we report wegener's granulomatosis with the review of relevant literature.

Interleukin-2가 호산구 생존에 미치는 영향과 기전에 관한 연구

김효석 ( Hyo Seok Kim ),이영목 ( Young Mok Lee ),최영수 ( Young Soo Choi ),김경호 ( Kyung Ho Kim ),임건일 ( Geon Il Im ),문승혁 ( Jeong Sung Whan ),정성환 ( Moon Seung Hyug ),김현태 ( Hyeon Tae Kim ),어수택 ( Uh Soo Taek ),김용훈 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1996 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.43 No.3

고유량 고효율 혈액투석막 재사용의 임상경험

조현경,김승정,임병국,정혁준,최영일,마경애,신규태,김흥수,김도헌 대한신장학회 2001 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.20 No.3

백혈병 마우스 모델의 동종골수이식에서 활성화된 자연살해세포들의 보충이 이식편대백혈병효과와 이식편대숙주반응에 미치는 영향

엄현석,한치화,박수정,김소연,정낙균,정대철,진종률,최일봉,양형모,서영훈,송현근,최인표,민우성,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 백혈병에서 동종골수이식 (allogeneic bone marrow transplantation)의 성공적 치료 효과를 얻기 위해서는 이식편대숙주반응 (graft-versus-host disease, GVHD) 발생의 극복과 재발의 방지가 중요한 과제이다. 골수를 역류원심성 세포분리 (counterflow centrifugal elutriation, CCE) 방법으로 분리하여 얻은 rotor off (R/O) 세포분획은 T 세포의 수는 적지만 조혈모세포들을 다량 포함하고 있어 동종골수이식에서 주조직적합복합체 (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) 차이를 극복할 수 있고, 이식편의 생착 성공과 GVHD 발생 예방에 효과적이다. 그러나 골수로부터 T 세포를 제거하면 백혈병세포를 공격하는 이식편대백혈병 (graft-versus-leukemia, GVL) 효과가 감소되기 때문에 백혈병 재발의 빈도가 높다. 자연살해세포 (natural killer cell, NK cell)의 보충 첨가는 동종골수이식 후 GVHD 발생을 줄이면서 충분한 GVL 효과를 얻을 수가 있다. 따라서 저자는 분리 후 IL-2로 활성화시킨 NK 세포들을 골수 R/O 세포분획과 함께 백혈병 마우스 모델에 동종이식함으로써 GVHD와 GVL에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 방법: Balb/c (H-2^(d)) 마우스에서 유래된 A20 (murine B-lymphoma/leukemia cell line, H-2^(d)) 백혈병 세포를 이식 2 일 전에 Balb/c 마우스에 주입하고, 치사량의 전신 방사선을 조사한 직후에 Balb/c 또는 C57BL/6 (H-2^(b)) 마우스의 골수 R/O 세포분획을 꼬리정맥을 통하여 주입하였다. 이들은 모두 이식 후 6-8 주 이내에 사망하였다. 동종이식의 대조군 (n=9)에는 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획만을 주입하였고, 실험군 (n=9)에는 C57BL/6 마우스의 비장세포들로부터 단클론항체들을 이용한 negative selection방법으로 분리한 후 IL-2로 활성화된 5 × 10^(5)의 NK 세포분획을 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획과 함께 주입하였다. GVL 효과의 판정은 이식 후 14 일과 28 일 째 되는 날 마우스에서 골수, 비장, 간 등을 얻어 백혈병 세포들의 침윤을 조직학적으로 관찰하였으며, GVHD의 정도는 육안적 관찰법으로 평가하였다. 결과: R/O 세포분획만을 이식한 대조군의 골수, 비장, 그리고 간 조직에서는 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 각각 89% (8/9), 78% (7/9)와 22% (2/9)에서 관찰되었고, R/O 세포분획과 NK 세포분획을 함께 이식한 실험군에서는 비장과 간을 제외한 골수에서만 89% (8/9)에서 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 관찰되어 두 군 사이에 장기별 분포의 차이를 볼 수 있었다 (P= 0.0001). 한편 GVHD는 두 군 모두에서 경하게 나타나서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 생착 부전으로 사망한 마우스는 없었다. 결론: CCE를 이용하여 T 세포를 제거한 동종골수이식에서 NK 세포의 보충은 GVHD의 악화는 일으키지 않으면서, 백혈병의 진행을 억제하는 GVL 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. Background: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with T cell-depleted marrow accompanies engraftment failure and relapse of leukemia by a loss of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect frequently, while it can prevent GVHD. Supplement of NK cells could prevent GVHD and enhance GVL effect in several murine allogeneis BMT models Roter off (R/O) cell fraction obtained by counterflow centriation elutriatio (CCO) contains small number of T cells and many hematopoietic stem cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of R/O cell fraction supplemented with IL-2 activated NK cells on GVL and GVHD within the leukemic mouse BMT model. Methods: Inoculation of A20 (H-2d, murine B-lymphoma/leukemia, Balb/c origin) cells into Balb/c mice via the tail vein 2 days prior to lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and infusion of the Balb/c BM or C57BL/6 (H-2b) R/O fraction were performed. It resulted in 100% mortality within 6 to 8 weeks. The irradiated mice in the control group were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction alone (n=9) and in the experimental group mice were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction plus 5 × 105 negatively selected IL-2 activated NK cell fractions of the spleens via the tail vein (n=9). On day 14 and 28 after BMT, the bone marrows, spleens, and livers of mice were harvested for histopathologic analysis of the infiltrations of leukemic cells. We then evaluated the GVHD within the mice. Results: A histopathologic study of the recipients receiving R/O fraction alone showed infiltration of leukemic cells, 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, 78% (7/8) in spleens, and 22% (2/9) in livers. The experimental group of mice showed only the infiltration of leukemic cells 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, not in spleens and livers. There were the organ differences of the leukemic cells infiltrations between the two groups (P=0.0001). There were no obvious differences in the GVHD scores between these two groups, and severe GVHD was not observed. There was no engraftment failure among groups. Conclusion: Thus, our findings suggest that R/O cell fraction obtained by CCE and supplemented with NK cells can promote GVL effect without mediating clinically overt GVHD in allogeneic BMT of mouse leukemia.

三日酒와 三日 基以內로 빚어지는 우리나라의 速成酒 : Ⅱ. 찹쌀로 빚은 速成酒 Ⅱ. About Brewing from Glutinous Rice

錢精日,申敏子,崔榮辰,金賢淑,李惠靜,鄭在洪,白淑殷 동아시아식생활학회 1999 東아시아食生活學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

This study was carried out to understand the brewing and processing methods of rapid-brew alcoholic beverage. In the contents of 45 classical records, there were 68 items about rapid-brew alcoholic beverage and single and double brew alcoholic beverage. Those alcoholic beverage of 68 items above, were made from green grown at that time-rice, glutinous rice, regular rice. Selected 38 items among those brewages, alcoholics from glutinous rice, were distributed into 4 patterns. Four patterns, grounded on rapid-brewing and processing methods, were set one thing to another and analyzed.

Effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. on Proteoglycan Release, Type II Collagen Degradation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Rabbit Articular Cartilage Explants

Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Seo, Byung-Kwan,Lee, Jae-Dong,Huh, Jeong-Eun,Yang, Ha-Ru,Cho, Eun-Mi,Choi, Do-Young,Kim, Deog-Yoon,Cho, Yoon-Je,Kim, Kang-Il,Park, Dong-Suk The Korean Acupuncture Moxibustion Medicine Societ 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Background & Objective: Articular cartilage is a potential target for drugs designed to inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to stop or slow the destruction of the proteoglycan and collagen in the cartilage extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. in inhibiting the release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), the degradation of collagen, and MMP activity in rabbit articular cartilage explants. Methods : The cartilage-protective effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. were evaluated by using glycosaminoglycan degradation assay, collagen degradation assay, colorimetric analysis of MMP activity, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity and histological analysis in rabbit cartilage explants culture. Results : Interleukin-la (IL-1a) rapidly induced GAG, but collagen was much less readily released from cartilage explants. Aralia cordata Thunb. significantly inhibited GAG and collagen release in a concentration-dependent manner. Aralia cordata Thunb. dose-dependently inhibited MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression and activities from IL-1a-treated cartilage explants cultures when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 mg/ml. Aralia cordata Thunb. had no harmful effect on chondrocytes viability or cartilage morphology in cartilage explants. Histological analysis indicated that Aralia cordata Thunb. reduced the degradation of the cartilage matrix compared with that of IL -1a-treated cartilage explants.

Effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. on Proteoglycan Release, Type II Collagen Degradation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Rabbit Articular Cartilage Explants

Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Seo, Byung-Kwan,Lee, Jae-Dong,Huh, Jeong-Eun,Yang, Ha-Ru,Cho, Eun-Mi,Choi, Do-Young,Kim, Deog-Yoon,Cho, Yoon-Je,Kim, Kang-Il,Park, Dong-Suk The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Background & Objective: Articular cartilage is a potential target for drugs designed to inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to stop or slow the destruction of the proteoglycan and collagen in the cartilage extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. in inhibiting the release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), the degradation of collagen, and MMP activity in rabbit articular cartilage explants. Methods : The cartilage-protective effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. were evaluated by using glycosaminoglycan degradation assay, collagen degradation assay, colorimetric analysis of MMP activity, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity and histological analysis in rabbit cartilage explants culture. Results : Interleukin-la (IL-1a) rapidly induced GAG, but collagen was much less readily released from cartilage explants. Aralia cordata Thunb. significantly inhibited GAG and collagen release in a concentration-dependent manner. Aralia cordata Thunb. dose-dependently inhibited MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression and activities from IL-1a-treated cartilage explants cultures when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 mg/ml. Aralia cordata Thunb. had no harmful effect on chondrocytes viability or cartilage morphology in cartilage explants. Histological analysis indicated that Aralia cordata Thunb. reduced the degradation of the cartilage matrix compared with that of IL -1a-treated cartilage explants.

The optimal duration of ischemic preconditioning for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Hyun Su Choi,Jeong Kye Hwang,Jeong Goo Kim,Hyeon Seok Hwang,Sang Ju Lee,Yoon kyung Chang,Ji Il Kim,In Sung Moon 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.93 No.4

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning for different periods of time and to elucidate the optimal safe ischemic preconditioning time for renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Methods: A total of 25 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (sham, I/R, ischemic preconditioning [IP]-3, IP-5, and IP-7 groups), in which the kidney was preconditioned with IP of various durations and then subjected to I/R injury (the last 3 groups). To induce renal ischemia, the left renal pedicle was occluded with a nontraumatic microaneurysm clamp for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. The effects of IP on renal I/R injury were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular necrosis, apoptotic cell death and inflammatory cytokines. Results: Results indicated that BUN and creatinine (Cr) levels increased significantly in the I/R group, but the elevations were significantly lower in IP groups, especially in the IP-5 group. Histological analysis revealed that kidney injury was markedly decreased in the IP-5 group compared with the I/R group, as evidenced by reduced renal necrosis/apoptosis. In addition, IP significantly inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Western blot analysis indicated that the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) were upregulated in the I/R group, while expression was inhibited in the IP groups. Conclusion: Five-minute IP had the greatest protective effect against I/R injury.