소아 알레르기비염의 경제적 부담 평가를 위한 다기관 조사

공도연 ( Do Youn Kong ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ),민택기 ( Taek Ki Min ),박용민 ( Yong Mean Park ),안재억 ( Jae Ouk Ahn ),양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ),염혜영 ( Hye Yung Yum ),윤혜선 ( Hae Sun Yoon ),전유훈 ( 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2012 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.22 No.2

목적: 알레르기비염의 유병률은 전 세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 그에 따른 경제적 부담도 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 소아 알레르기 질환이 미치는 경제적 부담에 관한 국내 연구는 제한적이어서 소아 알레르기비염이 환자와 그 가족에게 미치는 경제적 부담을 산출하고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 2008년 7월 1일부터 9월 31일까지 서울시 6개 2-3차 의료기관을 방문한 18세 이하 소아 알레르기비염 환자 및 보호자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 진행하였다. 설문을 통해 직접 의료비 (병·의원 진료비, 및 약제비 한방 진료비 및 약제비, 보완/대체요법비), 직접비의료비 (교통비, 환경개선비), 그리고 간접비용 (월 평균 노동 손실)을 조사하였고 그 결과를 질환의 중증도 및 유병 기간에 따라 분석하여 그 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모집된 262명의 대상 중 174명(66.4%)이 남자였고, 평균 연령은 6.54세였다. 대상군의 연간 평균 직접 의료비는 177만 원이었고 직접비 의료비는 57만 원이었다. 비록 통계학적 유의성은 없었지만, 알레르기비염의 중증도가 증가할수록 직접 의료비가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, (P=0.053) 유병 기간 또한 직접 의료비의 증가와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. (R=0.195, P=0.002) 대상 환자 보호자의 약 17%가 아이의 알레르기비염으로 인해 직장에 결근 또는 조퇴를 경험한 것으로 조사되어 사회적 간접비용을 미루어 생각할 수 있었다. 결론: 알레르기비염이 미치는 경제적 부담은 질환의 중증도가 심할수록, 그리고 유병 기간이 길수록 증가하며, 이는 특히 한방 진료 및 치료비와 보완/대체요법비의 증가에 기인한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 알레르기비염으로 인한 경제적 부담을 줄이기 위해서는 환자와 보호자를 대상으로 근거 중심의 치료를 할 수 있도록 지속적이고 체계적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is rapidly increasing and results in relatively high socio-economic burden on their family and community. However, studies on the economic burden of pediatric allergic rhinitis in Korea are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of pediatric allergic rhinitis on economic burden. Methods: Two hundred sixty two children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in 6 secondary or tertiary medical centers in Seoul from July to September, 2008. We collected data of the economic burden of allergic rhinitis (direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs) by face to face questionnaire survey. We compared the economic burden according to the severity and the duration of allergic rhinitis. Results: The mean age of subjects was 6.54 years, and male were 174 (66.4%). Direct medical costs (10,000 Korean Won/yr) were 177.75, and direct nonmedical costs were 57.92. Although, there was no statistical significance, direct medical costs showed increasing trends in severe allergic rhinitis. (P=0.053) In addition, direct medical costs were positively correlated with duration of allergic rhinitis.( R=0.195, P=0.002). About 17% of the parents who care the allergic rhinitis children experienced the work absence due to their child s illness. Conclusion: The economic burdens of allergic rhinitis were positively correlated with the severity and duration of illness. Particularly costs for alternative medicine including oriental medicine` were related with severity and duration allergic rhinitis. Therefore, special efforts for education with evidence based treatment strategy are necessary to decrease the economic burden of allergic rhinitis.

미중패권경쟁에서 아세안을 통한 한국의 경제개발 전략에 관한 연구

유근환(Keun Hwan Yoo),양혜원(Hye Won Yang) 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2023 사회융합연구 Vol.7 No.6

미국과 중국의 무역 경쟁은 관련 동맹국에게도 영향을 미칠 정도로 치열하다. 반도체는 첨단산업의 쌀이라고 불릴 정도로 최첨단 기술에서 중요한 역할을 하며 자동차, 휴대폰, 디스플레이 등에 반드시 들어가기 때문에 산업에서도 반드시 안전한 공급망이 확보될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 미중패권경쟁 속에서 한국의 국익을 높이기 위하여 아세안을 활용한 경제외교를 강화하는 것이 필요하다는 것에 주목하여 연구를 하였다. 아세안 국가들은 헤징(Hedging)전략을 통하여 실리를 추구한다. 우크라이나 전쟁이 계속되고 이스라엘과 하마스가 이끄는 팔레스타인 급진 무장 단체가 전쟁을 치르면서 국제적으로 안보 위기가 나타나고 아세안 국가들은 전략적으로 협력하는 것이 필요하다는 데 의견을 모으고 있다. 미국은 아시아로의 회귀((Pivot to Asia)를 강조하면서 관계를 개선하려는 노력을 꾸준하게 하였다. 중국은 중국은 동남아시아 지역에서 중국의 영향력을 확보하는 것이 필요하다고 보고 아세안에 적극 참여하고 있다. 한국이 전략적으로 이러한 어려운 상황을 타개하기 위해서는 아세안 국가들과의 협력을 강화하고 경제외교를 추진하여 실리적인 이익을 확보하여야 한다. 한국은 지리적으로 아세안 국가들과 가까운 편에 속하기 때문에 수출 다변화와 수입 다변화의 측면에서도 아세안을 통하여 협력하는 것이 필요하다. 한국은 아세안과의 경제외교를 강화하여 향후 아세안 국가들이 빠르게 경제 성장을 하였을 때 상생하는 관계가 되도록 전략적인 노력을 하여야 한다. 한국은 베트남, 라오스, 태국, 캄보디아, 미얀마, 필리핀, 브루나이, 말레이시아, 싱가포르, 인도네시아와 협력하고 경제외교를 강화하여 한국의 국익을 확보하여야 한다. The trade competition between the United States and China is fierce enough to affect relevant allies. Semiconductors play an important role in cutting-edge technology, so much so that they are called the rice of the high-tech industry. Since they are essential for automobiles, mobile phones, displays, etc., there is a need to ensure a safe supply chain in the industry. This study focused on the need to strengthen economic diplomacy using ASEAN to enhance Korea's national interests amid the US-China hegemony competition. ASEAN countries pursue practical benefits through hedging strategies. As the war in Ukraine continues and Israel and the Palestinian radical armed group led by Hamas are at war, an international security crisis is emerging, and ASEAN countries are converging on the need for strategic cooperation. The United States has consistently made efforts to improve relations, emphasizing a pivot to Asia. China believes that it is necessary to secure Chinese influence in the Southeast Asian region and is actively participating in ASEAN. Korea In order to strategically overcome this difficult situation, we must strengthen cooperation with ASEAN countries and promote economic diplomacy to secure practical benefits. Korea should strengthen economic diplomacy with ASEAN and make strategic efforts to create a win-win relationship when ASEAN countries achieve rapid economic growth in the future. Korea should secure its national interests by cooperating with Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia and strengthening economic diplomacy.

우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계

강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

[OP-17] Isolation of a Polysaccharide from the Enzymatic Extract of Lactobacillus brevis-Fermented Ecklonia cava and Its Radio Protective Effects

Won Woo Lee,Chang-ik Ko,Ginnae Ahn,Hye-Mi Yang,Min-Cheol Kang,Ki-wan Lee,You-Jin Jeon 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

Clofazimine-Containing Regimen for the Treatment of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Lung Disease

Yang, Bumhee,Jhun, Byung Woo,Moon, Seong Mi,Lee, Hyun,Park, Hye Yun,Jeon, Kyeongman,Kim, Dae Hun,Kim, Su-Young,Shin, Sung Jae,Daley, Charles L.,Koh, Won-Jung American Society for Microbiology 2017 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.61 No.6

<P>Patients with lung disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (here M. abscessus) typically have poor treatment outcomes. Although clofazimine (CFZ) has been increasingly used in the treatment of M. abscessus lung disease in clinical practice, there are no reported data on its effectiveness for this disease. This study sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a CFZ-containing regimen for the treatment of M. abscessus lung disease. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 42 patients with M. abscessus lung disease who were treated with CFZ-containing regimens between November 2013 and January 2015. CFZ was administered in combination with other antibiotics as an initial antibiotic regimen in 15 (36%) patients (initial treatment group), and it was added to an existing antibiotic regimen for refractory M. abscessus lung disease in 27 (64%) patients (salvage treatment group). Overall, there was an 81% treatment response rate based on symptoms and a 31% response rate based on radiographic findings. Conversion to culture-negative sputum samples was achieved in 10 (24%) patients after CFZ-containing antibiotic treatment, and during treatment, there were significant decreases in the positivity of semi-quantitative sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli in both the initial (P = 0.018) and salvage (P = 0.001) treatment groups. Our study suggests that CFZ-containing regimens may improve treatment outcomes in patients with M. abscessus lung disease and that a prospective evaluation of CFZ in M. abscessus lung disease is warranted.</P>

Long-term Efficacy and Biocompatibility of Encapsulated Islet Transplantation With Chitosan-Coated Alginate Capsules in Mice and Canine Models of Diabetes

Yang, Hae Kyung,Ham, Dong-Sik,Park, Heon-Seok,Rhee, Marie,You, Young Hye,Kim, Min Jung,Shin, Juyoung,Kim, On-You,Khang, Gilson,Hong, Tae Ho,Kim, Ji-Won,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Yoon, Kun-Ho Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2016 Transplantation Vol.100 No.2

<P>Background. Clinical application of encapsulated islet transplantation is hindered by low biocompatibility of capsules leading to pericapsular fibrosis and decreased islet viability. To improve biocompatibility, we designed a novel chitosan-coated alginate capsules and compared them to uncoated alginate capsules. Methods. Alginate capsules were formed by crosslinking with BaCl2, then they were suspended in chitosan solution for 10 minutes at pH 4.5. Xenogeneic islet transplantation, using encapsulated porcine islets in 1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mice, and allogeneic islet transplantation, using encapsulated canine islets in beagles, were performed without immunosuppressants. Results. The chitosan-alginate capsules showed similar pore size, islet viability, and insulin secretory function compared to alginate capsules, in vitro. Xenogeneic transplantation of chitosan-alginate capsules demonstrated a trend toward superior graft survival (P = 0.07) with significantly less pericapsular fibrosis (cell adhesion score: 3.77 +/- 0.41 vs 8.08 +/- 0.05; P < 0.001) compared to that of alginate capsules up to 1 year after transplantation. Allogeneic transplantation of chitosan-alginate capsules normalized the blood glucose level up to 1 year with little evidence of pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth on graft explantation. Conclusions. The efficacy and biocompatibility of chitosan-alginate capsules were demonstrated in xenogeneic and allogeneic islet transplantations using small and large animal models of diabetes. This capsule might be a potential candidate applicable in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, and further studies in nonhuman primates are required.</P>

GPR119: a promising target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Yang, Jin Won,Kim, Hyo Seon,Im, Ji Hye,Kim, Ji Won,Jun, Dae Won,Lim, Sung Chul,Lee, Kyeong,Choi, Jong Min,Kim, Sang Kyum,Kang, Keon Wook The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2016 The FASEB Journal Vol.30 No.1

<P>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with metabolic syndrome and has the unique characteristic of excess lipid accumulation in liver. G-protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is a promising target for type 2 diabetes. However, the role of GPR119 activation in hepatic steatosis and its precise mechanism has not been investigated. In primary cultured hepatocytes from wild-type and GPR119 knockout (KO) mice, expression of lipogenic enzymes was elevated in GPR119 KO hepatocytes. Treatment of hepatocytes and HepG2 cells with GPR119 agonists in phase 2 clinical trials (MBX-2982 [MBX] and GSK1292263) inhibited protein expression of both nuclear and total sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1, a key lipogenesis transcription factor. Oral administration of MBX in mice fed a high-fat diet potently inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and expression levels of SREBP-1 and lipogenesis-related genes, whereas the hepatic antilipogenesis effects of MBX were abolished in GPR119 KO mice. MBX activated AMPK and increased Ser-372 phosphorylation of SREBP-1c, an inhibitory form of SREBP-1c. Moreover, inhibition of AMPK recovered MBX-induced down-regulation of SREBP-1. These findings demonstrate for the first time that the GPR119 ligand alleviates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis in hepatocytes.</P>

Immunostimulatory activity of Y-shaped DNA nanostructures mediated through the activation of TLR9

Yang, Gabsik,Koo, Jung Eun,Lee, Hye Eun,Shin, Seung Won,Um, Soong Ho,Lee, Joo Young Elsevier 2019 Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol.112 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (DNAs) have been widely studied in pharmaceutical and biomedical research fields for applications in cancer immunotherapy and vaccination. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical for the instruction and orchestration of the host immune system composed of innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, TLR9 responds to DNAs with unmethylated deoxycytosine-deoxyguanosine (CpG) motifs, thereby inducing the activation of innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, and consequently, adaptive immune cells. In this study, we developed two kinds of Y-shaped double-stranded DNA nanostructures (Y-DNAs), including a single unit composed of three DNA strands (Y<SUB>S</SUB>-DNA) and a ligated multiunit complex formed by crosslinking each Y<SUB>S</SUB>-DNA (Y<SUB>L</SUB>-DNA), and investigated whether they have immunostimulatory activity in innate immune cells. Y<SUB>S</SUB>-DNA and Y<SUB>L</SUB>-DNA induced the production of immune cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α and the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 in primary mouse dendritic cells and macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells). A Coprecipitation study demonstrated that Y<SUB>L</SUB>-DNA was directly associated with TLR9. The induction of immune cytokines by Y<SUB>S</SUB>-DNA and Y<SUB>L</SUB>-DNA was abolished in TLR9-deficient primary mouse dendritic cells. The results demonstrated that Y-DNAs induced the activation of dendritic cells and macrophages mediated by the activation of TLR9, as shown by the expression of immune cytokines and costimulatory molecules. The results suggest that Y-DNA nanostructures provide a beneficial strategy for immunotherapy by modulating the immune system.</P>

Phloroglucinol ameliorates cognitive impairments by reducing the amyloid β peptide burden and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice

Yang, Eun-Jeong,Mahmood, Usman,Kim, Hyunju,Choi, Moonseok,Choi, Yunjung,Lee, Jean-Pyo,Cho, Joo-Youn,Hyun, Jin Won,Kim, Yong Sik,Chang, Moon-Jeong,Kim, Hye-Sun Elsevier 2018 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.126 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Among the various causative factors involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress has emerged as an important factor. Phloroglucinol is a polyphenol component of phlorotannin, which is found at sufficient levels in <I>Ecklonia cava (E. cava</I>). Phloroglucinol has been reported to exert antioxidant activities in various tissues. Previously, we reported that the stereotaxic injection of phloroglucinol regulated synaptic plasticity in an AD mouse model. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of phloroglucinol in AD. The oral administration of phloroglucinol for 2 months attenuated the impairments in cognitive function observed in 6-month-old 5X familial AD (5XFAD) mice, as assessed with the T-maze and Y-maze tests. The administration of phloroglucinol for 2 months in 5XFAD mice caused a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques and in the protein level of BACE1, a major amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme, together with γ-secretase. Phloroglucinol also restored the reduction in dendritic spine density and the number of mature spines in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice. In addition, phloroglucinol-administered 5XFAD mice displayed lower protein levels of GFAP and Iba-1 and mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with vehicle-administered 5XFAD mice. These results demonstrated that phloroglucinol alleviated the neuropathological features and behavioral phenotypes in the 5XFAD mouse model. Taken together, our results suggest that phloroglucinol has therapeutic potential for AD treatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Phloroglucinol rescues the cognitive impairments when evaluated with Y-maze and T-maze tests using 5XFAD mice. </LI> <LI> Phloroglucinol reduces the number of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. </LI> <LI> Phloroglucinol restores the reduction in dendritic spine density in CA1 region of the hippocampus in 5XFAD mice. </LI> <LI> Phloroglucinol reduces the gliosis and level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Safety of modified double-stapling end-to-end gastroduodenostomy in distal subtotal gastrectomy

Yang, Han-Kwang,Lee, Hyuk-Joon,Ahn, Hye-Sung,Yoo, Moon-Won,Lee, In Kyu,Lee, Kuhn Uk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of surgical oncology Vol.96 No.7

<B>Background and Objectives</B><P>Double-stapling end-to-end gastroduodenostomy (DS-BI) has several potential advantages over other anastomotic techniques in that it is a simple procedure, with no additional gastrotomy on the remnant stomach, and less tension on the anastomosis site. We evaluated the safety of DS-BI by comparing it with the hand-sewn Billroth II gastrojejunostomy (B-II).</P><B>Methods</B><P>Medical records of 933 consecutive patients (DS-BI 428, B-II 505) who underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Several clinicopathological features and treatment results were compared between the two groups.</P><B>Results</B><P>The overall complication rates were 9.3% in the DS-BI group and 15.2% in the B-II group (P = 0.007). Anastomosis-related complications, such as anastomosis-site leakage, stenosis, and intraluminal bleeding, did not differ between the two groups (1.2% in the DS-BI group and 1.8% in the B-II group, P = 0.59). All the anastomosis-related complications were managed conservatively. Postoperative mortality rates were 0% in the DS-BI group and 0.4% (2/505) in the B-II group.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>Modified DS-BI is a safe procedure, with short-term results similar to those of hand-sewn Billroth II anastomosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:624–629. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>