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Kim, Hye-Geum,Koo, Bon-Hoon,Lee, Seung Woo,Cheon, Eun-Jin Yeungnam University College of Medicine 2019 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.36 No.3
There is considerable overlap in the clinical presentations of apathy and depression. However, differential diagnosis between apathy and other psychiatric conditions, including depression and dementia, is important. In this report, we present the case of a 67-year-old woman with a history of receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment for depression. Differential diagnosis between treatment-resistant depression and SSRI-induced apathy syndrome was required. The symptoms of her apathy syndrome were relieved after the discontinuation of SSRIs and the addition of olanzapine, methylphenidate, and modafinil. Furthermore, we briefly review related literature in this article.
Cognitive dysfunctions in individuals with diabetes mellitus
Kim, Hye-Geum Yeungnam University College of Medicine 2019 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.36 No.3
Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.
Effects and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention on insomnia
( Hye-geum Kim ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.4
Medication alone is not sufficient to treat insomnia. In addition, the side effects of sleep medications themselves cannot be ignored during treatment. Insomnia begins with poor sleep quality and discomfort, but as it continues, patients fall into a vicious circle of insomnia with negative thoughts and dysfunctional and distorted perceptions related to sleep. Mindfulness-based intervention for insomnia corrects these sequential cognitive and behavioral processes. The mindfulness technique basically recognizes all the thoughts, feelings, and experiences that occur to us as they are, nonjudgmentally, and then trains them to return to the senses of our body. In this way, while noticing all the processes of the sequential vicious cycle and training them to return to our bodies (e.g., breathing), mindfulness determines whether we are really sleepy or just fatigued. This mindfulness-based intervention can be a useful nonpharmaceutical intervention for insomnia, and its stability and efficacy has been proven by many studies.
AMPK, a metabolic sensor, is involved in isoeugenol-induced glucose uptake in muscle cells
Kim, Nami,Lee, Jung Ok,Lee, Hye Jeong,Lee, Yong Woo,Kim, Hyung Ip,Kim, Su Jin,Park, Sun Hwa,Lee, Chul Su,Ryoo, Sun Woo,Hwang, Geum-Sook,Kim, Hyeon Soo Bioscientifica Ltd 2016 The Journal of endocrinology Vol.228 No.2
<P>Isoeugenol exerts various beneficial effects on human health. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we observed that isoeugenol activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Isoeugenol-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration and glucose uptake was inhibited by STO-609, an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK). Isoeugenol also increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase C-α (PKCα). Chelation of calcium with BAPTA-AM blocked isoeugenol-induced AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Isoeugenol stimulated p38MAPK phosphorylation that was inhibited after pretreatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Isoeugenol also increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression and its translocation to the plasma membrane. GLUT4 translocation was not observed after the inhibition of AMPK and CaMKK. In addition, isoeugenol activated the Akt substrate 160 (AS160) pathway, which is downstream of the p38MAPK pathway. Knockdown of the gene encoding AS160 inhibited isoeugenol-induced glucose uptake. Together, these results indicate that isoeugenol exerts beneficial health effects by activating the AMPK/p38MAPK/AS160 pathways in skeletal muscle.</P>
Hepatitis A virus infection during pregnancy in Korea: Hepatitis A infection on pregnant women
( Geum Joon Cho ),( Yoon Byoung Kim ),( Seong Min Kim ),( Hye Ri Hong ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Hyun Joo Seol ),( Soon Cheol Hong ),( Min Jeong Oh ),( Hai Joong Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2013 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.56 No.6
Objective Although there is a large body of data on acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) worldwide, data regarding the occurrence of HAV during pregnancy is limited. It is commonly acknowledged that HAV is not associated with severe outcomes or complications during pregnancy. In contrast, there are several reported cases of vertical HAV transmission. Moreover, it has been recently reported that HAV infection during pregnancy is associated with gestational complications. In Korea, the incidence of HAV infection has increased from 317 cases in 2002 to 13,117 cases in 2009. However, HAV infection during pregnancy is rarely reported in Korea. Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort series of pregnant women presenting to Korea University Medical Center between January 2000 and October 2009 in whom a diagnosis of HAV infection was made. Results During study period, there were 12 cases of HAV in pregnant women, including two cases with preterm contraction, two cases with cholestatic hepatitis, and one case with fetal ascites and intra-abdominal calcification. Conclusion HAV infection during pregnancy is associated with high prevalence of maternal and fetal complications. Because the incidence of HAV infection in women of reproductive age is increasing, a further focus on preventing HAV infection during pregnancy is warranted.
( Hye Jin Lim ),( Dong Geum Shin ),( Jun Bong Kim ),( Hyo Jeong Kim ),( Jin Taek Kim ),( Man Sil Park ),( Ho Jeong Lee ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Ectopic parathyroid gland is a major cause of persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism and the success of parathyroid surgery depends on the accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma. We report a case of 52-year-old male suffered from primary hyperparathyroidism for several years, caused by ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma that was detected by 99mTc-sestamibi scan with single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT). Four years ago, he visited to Department of Urology because of ureter stone and performed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy(ESWL). At that time, he had also complained vague symptoms of general weakness, headache, thirst and dyspepsia. The laboratory findings showed hypercalcemia(14.0 mg/dL, reference value; 8.2~10.8) and increased intact PTH level (246.7 pg/mL, reference value;14~72), suggesting primary hyperparathyroidism. We performed parathyroid scan and ultrasonography but failed to localize the lesion. With the medical treatment, his calcium level decreased to the 11.3 mg/dL. Patient revisited outpatient department complaining symptoms of headache, dyspepsia, and recurrent urinary symptoms, showing persistent primary hyperparathyroidism: hypercalcemia (15.5 mg/dL), hypercalciuria (311.5 mg/day) and increased intact PTH level (300.6 pg/mL). In addition, renal function was decreased and severe osteoporosis were found. Early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI scan were obtained at 15 minutes and 2 hours, but again failed to localized the lesion. We then carried out SPECT images after isotope injection, and found ectopic parathyroid uptake on upper anterior mediastinum (1.7×1.3×1.8 cm). The mass was excised by median sternotomy and diagnosed as parathyroid adenoma. After excision his general condition markedly improved, maintaining normocalcemia (8.5 mg/dl) with supplementation of 800 mg elementary calcium. In conclusion, 99mTc-MIBI scan followed by SPECT could permit better localization, especially for mediastinal adenoma in persistant or recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
OB-55 : The altered vascular reactivity in offspring from pregnant mice model of preeclampsia
( Geum Joon Cho ),( Hye Mi Jin ),( Oye Sun Seok ),( Min Woo Kim ),( Suhng Wook Kim ),( Suk Hyo Suh ),( Soon Cheol Hong ),( Hai Joong Kim ),( Min Jeong Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-
목적: The aim of this was to evaluate the effect of maternal preeclampsia on vascular reactivity of offspring in a pregnant mouse model of preelampsia. 방법: At day 8 of gestation pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to injection using the tail vein of the lentivirus carring sFlt-1 (109 plaque- forming units in 100 microliters; sFlt-1 group) or the mock lentivirus (109 plaque-forming units in 100 microliters; mock group used as a control for the virus) or control group. After delivery, nursing dams and offspring were kept together in individual cages. Offspring from each group were sacrificed at 8 weeks of age, and abdominal aorta was harvested for the study of vascular reactivity. 결과: The vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent relaxant) were decreased in offspring from sFlt-1 group compared with offspring from control and mock groups. However, there was no difference in vasorelaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside (the endothelium- independent relaxant) between four groups. 결론: Maternal preeclampsia has detrimental effects on vascular reactivity in offspring. Our findings show hypertension of fetal programming in offspring born to preeclamptic mothers.