An Input Domain-Based Software Reliability Growth Model In Imperfect Debugging Environment

Park, Joong-Yang,Kim, Young-Soon,Hwang, Yang-Sook Korea Information Processing Society 2002 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.9 No.4

Park, Seo and Kim은 소프트웨어의 시험단계와 유지보수단계에 모두 적용할 수 있는 입력 영역 기반 소프트웨어 신뢰성 성장 모델을 개발하였다. 이들의 모형은 완전디버깅의 가정 하에서 개발되어졌다. 입력 영역 기반 소프트웨어 신뢰성 성장 모델이 현실적이기 위해서는 이러한 가정은 개선되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 불완전 디버깅 하에서 사용할 수 있는 입력 영역 기반 소프트웨어 신뢰성 성장 모델을 제안하고 그 통계적 특성을 조사한다. Park, Seo and Kim (12) developed the input domain-based SRGM, which was able to quantitatively assess the reliability of a software system during the testing and operational phases. They assumed perfect debugging during testing and debugging phase. To make this input domain-based SRGM more realistic, this assumption should be relaxed. In this paper we generalize the input domain-based SRGM under imperfect debugging. Then its statistical characteristics are investigated.

심초음파로 결정된 응급 심낭천자술의 천자부위

김성환,황성오,이강현,조준휘,강구현,문중범,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,김영식 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the conventional subcostal approach is suitable for emergency pericardiocentesis in patients with cardiac tamponade or impending cardiac tamponade. Methods: This study was a prospective, observational study conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital, Patients who had symptomatic pericardial effusion and who needed emergency pericardiocentesis in the emergency department were included in this study. We measured the epicardium-to-pericardium distance at the subcostal, parasternal, and apical area with two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the appropriate puncture site for pericardiocentesis. An epicardium-to-pericardium distance of more than 1.0 cm was considered as the primary safety factor in determining the Puncture site for pericardiocentesis. The skin-to-pericardium distance was considered as secondary safety factor. Results: Ninety-five consecutive patients(55 males and 40 females; total mean age: 53 year old) with cardiac tamponade or impending cardiac tamponade were enrolled in this study. The puncture site for pericardiocentesis, as determined by echocardiography, was the subcostal area in 43 patients(45%), the apical area in 40 patients(42%), the left parasternal area In 11 patients(12%), and the right parastemal area in one patient(1%). Pericardiocentesis failed in 2 patients(2%) with the subcostal approach and in one patient(1%) with the apical approach. The average epicardium-to-pericardium distance was 31 ±21 mm in patients with the subcostal approach and 21±8 mm in patients with other approaches. There were no differences in the amount of pericardial fluid and in the intraperical pressure among patient groups according to puncture site. There were two procedure related complications: a puncture of the right ventricle with the subcostal approach and a ventricular tachycardia with the apical approach.

보행에서 Central Pattern Generator의 이해 : Understanding the Central Pattern Generator in Human Gait

황병용,김중휘 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

An essential feature of human gait is the ability to move from one place to another. The gait, rhythmic and alternating movements of the two legs, is automatic and less cognitive neuronal activity. A central pattern generator(CPG) is a neuronal network capable of generating a rhythmic pattern of motor activity in the absence of phasic sensory input from peripheral receptors. CPG have been identified and analyzed in more than 50 rhythmic motor systems, including those controlling such diverse behaviors as walking, swimming, feeding, respiration, and flying. The basic pattern produced by a CPG is usually modified by sensory information from peripheral receptors and signals from other regions of the central nervous system.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

국내 주요 호수의 육수학적 조사(4): 주암호

김범철,박주현,허우명,임병진,황길순,최광순,최종수 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

In this study limnological characteristics of Lake Juam was surveyed from June 1993 to May 1994 in order to provides important information regarding water resources. Seschi disc transparency, epilimnetic chlorophyll a(chl-a), tatal nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) concentration and primary productivity were in the range of 2.0~4.5 m, 0.9~13.6 mgChl/㎥, 0.78~2.32N/l, 11~56 mgP/㎥, 270~2,160mgCm^(-2)day^(-1), respectively. On the basis of TP, Chl-a and Secchi disc depth, the trophic state of Lake Juam can be classified as mesotrophic lake. The phosphorus inputs from non-point sources are concentrated in heavy rain episodes during the monsoon season. As a result, phosphorus concentration are higher in summer than in winter. TP loading from the watershed were estimated to be 0.9 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1)) for eutrophication. From the results of the algal assay, both phosphous and nitrogen act as limiting nutrients in algal growth. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton community structure in Lake Juam was similar to that observed in other temperate lakes. Diatoms(Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima) were dominant in spring and winter, cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, M. sp. and M. viridis) were dominant in warm season. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 9.5~14.0 mgC/g, 1.01~1.82 mgN/g, and 0.51~0.65 mgP/g, respectively. The allochthonous organic carbon loading from the watershed and autochthonous organic carbon loading by primary production of phytoplankton were determined to be 1,122 tC/yr and 6,718 tC/yr, respectively. To prevent eutrophication of Lake Juam, nutrient management of watershed should be focus on reduction of fertilizer application, proper treatment of manure, and conservation of topsoil as well as point source.

임베디드 시스템 기반의 영상 모니터링 시스템 개발

김중호,황병곤 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 情報通信硏究 Vol.4 No.1

基礎運動能力檢査의 妥當度 및 評價基準分析

黃喆文,金重雄,表內淑,黃太相 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1988 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

In administrating 323 subjects (man : 294, woman : 29) for admission to the department of physical education, college of education, Pusan National University during two years, the General Motor Ability Test was measured in order to analyze the validity and reliability of evaluation norm in choosing events and grading. The subjects were tested in seven events : 1) 100m Dash, 2) 1500m Run(man), 800m(woman), 3) Throwing Hand-Ball, 4) Broad jump, 5) Chinning(man), Flexed-Arm Hang(woman), 6) Zig-Zag Run, 7) Trunk Flexion. The results are as followes ; 1. In 100m Dash, 1500m Run, and Throwing Hand-Ball, man's average recordes were shown normal distribution which was inclined towgrd low 11 grade. So it was analyzed that we must regulate the interval size to lower. 2. Average records of Broad Jump in were distributed into the somewhat high (3-7) grade (about 78.6%). Then, the interval size must be regulated higher. 3. In chinning, Zig-Zag Run, and Trunk Flexion man's average records were shown normal distribution, and the average and the standard deviation were similar to present records. 4. For woman, it was impossible to analyze correctly in all seven because of the small number of subjects. So it was analyzed for the sake of the reference. There will be an exact analization in choosing the interval size and standard records. 5. Investigating the validity of the choosing seven events. We found out that 100m Dash was chosely interrelated with others, and so it was the dependent event. But other events were independent. Then, we could say that they were chosen reasonably.

서울 강서지역 1개 대학병원에서 성인 급성 신우신염의 원인균과 항생제 감수성

황병연,이재갑,박대원,이연주,김성범,엄중식,손장욱,정희진,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

목적 : 3년간 서울시 강서지역의 1개 대학병원에서 입원치료를 받은 성인 급성 신우신염 환자를 대상으로 원인균과 항생제 감수성을 조사하고, 향후 급성 신우신염의 초기 경험적 치료 항생제를 제안하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 3년간 고려대학교 의과대학 구로병원에 상부요로감염으로 내원한 16세 이상 환자 229명의 의무 기록을 검토를 통하여, 인구학적 특성, 원인균, 항생제 감수성, 초기 항생제 사용 양상과 입원기간을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연구에 포함된 229명을 118명의 단순 신우신염군과 111명의 복잡 신우신염군으로 구분 하였다. 단수 신우신염의 평균 발생 연령은 38.2세와 복잡 신우신염 56.1세로 복잡 신우신염 환자의 연령이 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 양군 모두에서 원인균 중 E. coli의 분리율이 가장 높았으며 항생제 감수성 결과 ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole에는 높은 내성률을 보였고, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime에 대한 감수성은 비교적 높았으나 복잡 신우신염의 경우 단순 신우신염에 비하여 ciprofloxacin, gentamicin에 대한 감수성이 다소 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 평균 입원 기간, 항생제 투여 기간에 있어서도 복잡 신우신염군에서 유의하게 길었다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과 서울의 강서 지역에서 대학병원급에 치료 의뢰되는 단순 급성 신우신염의 치료에 있어 1차 항생제로 3세대 cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, quinolone 중 한가지를 초기 경험적 치료제로 사용을 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : The purpose of this study is to recommend the initial therapeutic regimen for adult patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) according to the changes of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of causative microorganisms isolated from patients with APN. Methods : We reviewed medical charts of 229 APN patients, who had been treated at Korea University Guro Hospital from 1st of January. 1999 to 31st of December, 2001. We investigated the demographic data, clinical findings, durations of hospital treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the causative microorganisms and initial antibiotic regimens in patients with APN. Results : In this study, 229 adult patients with APN were classified into simple APN patients (118 patients, 51.5%) and complicated APN patients (111 patients, 48.4%). Mean age of patients with simple APN was 38.2±14.1 years old and that of patients with complicated APN was 56.1±14.9 years old. Mean age of patients with complicated APN was significantly higher than that of simple APN patients (P<0.0001). Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism both in simple APN (96.7%) group and in complicated APN (90.6%) group. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was at the low level of ampicillin (31%/20%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (42.6%/34.2%) in each group. In contrast, ciprofloxacin (11.5%/22.7%), gentamicin (16.4%/22%) and cefotaxime (0%/8.2%) resistance remained at relatively lower level. In comparison of simple APN with complicated APN, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistances were higher in complicted APN group. Average duration of hospitalization (5.9±2.3 days/8.2±4.6 days) and duration of antibiotic use (12.1±3.9 days/15.3±10.0 days) were significantly longer in complicated APN. Conclusions: The results of this study suggests that 3rd cephalosporin, aminoglycoside or quinolone antibiotic would considered as one of the initial therapeutic regimen for patients with simple APN in southwestern Seoul.

중합효소연쇄반응법을 이용한 급성 치수 및 치근단 질환의 병원성 세균의 동정

김지훈,유소영,임선아,국중기,임상수,박슬희,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of 7 putative pathogens in endodontic infections. The specimens were collected from infected pulpal tissue of patients who were referred for root canal treatment to the department of conservative dentisty, Chosun University. Samples were collected aseptically using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing 500 ml of 1 X PBS. DNAs were extracted from the samples by direct DNA extraction method using lysis buffer (0.5% EDTA, 1% Triton X-100). Identification of 7 putative pathogens was performed by PCR based on 16S rDNA. The target species were as follows: Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola. Our data revealed that the prevalence of P.endodontalis was found in 88.6% (39 / 54), P.gingivalis 52.3% (23 / 44), P.nigrescens 18.2%(8 / 44), P.intermedia 15.9% (7 / 44), B.forsythus 18.2% (8 / 44), A.actinomycetemcomitans 2.3% (1 / 44), T.denticola 25% (11 / 44) of the samples. The high prevalence of P. endodontalis and P.gingivalis suggests that they may play an important role in the etiology of endodontic infections.

김치용 간절임 배추의 저장에 관한 연구 : Ⅱ. 젖산, Calcium Chloride, 저장온도가 저장중 간절임 배추의 품질에 미치는 영향

김윤숙,김중만,백승화,문정옥,황호선,김인숙 圓光大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

배추를 다듬기 하는데 발생한 폐기량은 7.5∼14% (w/w)이었고 10±2℃에서 30일간 방치한 경우 약 17∼25% 발생하였다. 간절임 배추의 pH값은 저장온도가 낮을수록, 염도가 높을수록 높았으나 calcium chloride 첨가가 절임배추의 pH값의 변화에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 유리당의 함량변화는 최소 약 4% 수준에서 산의 함량과는 반비례적으로 변화하여 저장 90일에는 소금농도가 낮고 저장온도가 높은 경우 적게 감소되었다. 균수변화에서 세균과 효모는 전 기간을 통해 증가한 반면, 곰팡이는 감소하였다. 한편 산의 첨가와 CaCl? 첨가시 소금으로만 절인 경우보다 세균과 효모는 낮은 속도로 증가했다. 저장중 경도는 온도가 낮고 염도가 높으며 젖산을 첨가한 경우 다소 높게 유지됐고, CaCl? 첨가의 경우 잎과 줄기에서 월등히 높았다. 휘발산과 불휘발산의 함량변화에서 온도가 낮고 염도가 높은경우 불휘발산의 함량이 낮았는데 특히 젖산 첨가시 불휘발산의 증가를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. flavor score 는 저온과 고염도 젖산첨가시 유리하였다. This study was to investigate the effects of storage temperature, lactic acid and calcium chloride addition about the pH values, sugar content, firmness, volatile and nonvolatile acidity, microbial counts and flavor of the salted chinese cabbages during storage (90 days), and trim loss of chinese cabbages during the trimming of raw and storaged (30 days) chinese cabbages. The waste rate was in the course of trimming of raw chinese, cabbages was 7.5-14(w/w). The proportion of trim loss was highly correlated to sunshine duration, temperature, humidity and handling for the storage. Free sugar was decreased fast and much in the case of high temperature and low level sodium chloride in comp rison of low temperature and high sodium chloride, but ?? and lactic acid did not affect its changes. Time to reach the lowest pH values were fast in the case of high temperature and low salt content. Lactic acid affected inital pH value (4.38-4.57) and constant pH value in each case was increased at low salt content, at high temperature, and then the pH values were slowly increased when volatile acidity was increased. Firmness was high in the case of addition of lactic acid and calcium chloride, low temperature, high sodium chloride concentration. Especially, calcium chloride addition remarkably showed high firmness. Flavor score was high in the case of low storage temperature, high yeast counts were slowly increased in spite of low temperature and high salt content, but mold counts were slightly increased during all period Lactic acid, low temperature and high sodium chloride were effective to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Volatile and nonvolatile acidity was increased during all storage period ; however, lactic acid and low temperature storage inhibited their increase. To conclude, quality of salted chinese cabbages was effective at low temperature storage, lactic acid and calcium chloride addition, and high salt concentration.