The prediction of the tooth size in the mixed dentition for Korean

Moon, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Oh,Yu, Hyung-Seong,Choi, Byung-Jai,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jae-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

이번 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 아동에서 미맹출된 견치와 소구치의 크기를 예측하는데 있어서 한국인에 맞는 방정식을 만들기 위함이다. 미맹출 치아의 크기를 예측하는 것은 혼합치열기 교정 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 미맹출된 견치와 소구치 크기를 예측하는 방법은 몇가지가 있지만 그중에서도 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 것이 모이어의 예측표와 다나카와 존스턴의 방정식이 있다. 하지만 그것들은 백인을 위해서 제작된 것이고 치아 크기는 인종에 따라서 다르다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아크기를 측정하여 하악 영구 절치의 크기 합과 견치 및 소구치의 크기 합 사이의 상관관계를 구하고 회귀방정식을 이용해서 한국인에 맞는 예측표를 만들었다. 연세대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 178명의 한국 학생(남 108명, 여 70명, 평균연령 21.63)을 대상으로 실험하였다. 영구치의 근원심 폭경을 석고모형상에서 calipers를 이용해서 측정하였다. 성별간의 치아 크기는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). Correlation coefficient는 0.57에서 0.64의 범위였고, standard errors of the estimates 는 여성에서 0.6으로써 남성보다 우수하였다. r^(2)값은 0.27에서 0.41의 범위를 나타내었다. Estimating the size of unerupted teeth is an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. Several methods were introduced and used for the prediction. The most common methods among these would be Moyers probability chart and Tanaka and Johnston equations. These are currently used widely, but they were developed for Caucasians. Because there are clear racial differences in teeth size, the objectives of this study were to produce correlation coefficients between the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and those of the canines and premolars for each quadrant, and prediction tables with regression equations, specifically for Korean. 178 young adults (70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) were selected from the College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with calipers. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and those of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be between 0.52 and 0.64. The standard error of the estimatation was better (0.60) for women and the r^(2) values ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for both sexes, Prediction tables were prepared for Korean. This study showed larger canine and premolar diameters than Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers' studies which might be due to the racial differences. Further investigations with a larger sample size will be needed for more representative data on the Korean population.

고등학생 태권도 유단자와 비수련자간의 인성연구

최성곤,김장환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

This study was to examine the relationship between the Taekwondo training and the growth of a sense of endurances, justice, cooperation, responsibility, patriotism, morality and so on. For this purpose the trined in Taekwondo and the non-traind were compared in these attitudes. The high school students with the Grade in Taekwondo, and the total number of the other students who were never trained were the subjects of this study in Taegu. Both ANOVA and t-test were used to examine the difference between the different groups of this study. Major findings of rom the data of this study it is concluded that. Taekwondo Training was helpful to make students promote senses of endurance, cooperation, patriotism, responsibility, and justice.

의료환경 변화에 대비한 의학기술부문의 교육방향

최종학,윤범철,조경진,이준협,임국환,고성진,최경호 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2003 保健科學論集 Vol.29 No.1

Under the pressure to open the service market as proposed by World Trade Organization, we can easily expect our educational systems for allied health professions will experience a lot of changes in near future. Accordingly, we compared our current educational systems for allied health professions with the foreign ones and mapped out some strategies predicting the forthcoming enormous changes. Major investigations and analysis are summed up as follows, The educational programs for allied health professions which was started in 1963 in Korea are stilled remained as 2 to 3 school years, while the systems in advanced countries have already been changed or been changing from 2 year to 4 year college levels. We can hardly find the uniform educational system or school years for the allied health professions in the world except for Korea. Fortunately, university level four-year programs for the profession was established in 1979 in Won-joo for the first time in Korea. However, there are still only few four-year programs in this country. To meet the rapidly changing needs we have faced in the health areas we should supply appropriate health personnel through various efforts. Now we would like to suggest followings, <Educational goals for the allied health professions> 1) reconfirming characteristics for the educational goals of health professions 2) extending school years for the allied health professions 3) strengthening clinical training and internship 4) expanding opportunities for the continuing education through lifelong education 5) upgrading from old-fashioned technologies to advanced technologies 6) cultivating competencies of health professionals for the global competition <Suggestions for the Development of Allied Health Professions> 1) reforming the school years of educational programs for the allied health professions to meet the global standards 2) expanding the role of junior college programs for the allied health professions through the development of intensive courses in the professions. 3) diversifying and specializing the allied health professions mainly through 4 year B.S. degree programs.

리사이클을 위한 평판 유리 파쇄 장치 개발

최성대,정선환,김잠규,김우재,김용선 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

At a point time, when demand is gradually increasing on LCD and PDP market all over the world, demand on glass which is key part of LCD and PDP is increasing, too. Hence, glasses are being cut by requested size for satisfaction on demands, the remain glass is making problems. This study is for designing installation of handling these remained glasses effectively and easily.

다래나무 및 노각나무 수액의 성분조성

최선영,나성택,김용환,김행자,성낙주 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

본 실험에서는 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액을 천연 건강음료로 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고져 물리ㆍ화학적 성질과 유리당, 무기물 및 구성 아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 다래나무와 노각나무 수액의 pH, 비중, 당도, 수분, 회분 및 조단백질의 함량은 거의 비슷하였다. 유리당 함량은 fructose가 다래나무 수액에서 378.4㎎/100㎖, glucose는 노각나무 수액에서 125.4㎎/100㎖로 가장 높은 함량이었다. 무기물 조성은 망간과 알루미늄을 제외한 모든 무기물에서 노각나무 수액에 비해 다래나무 수액에서 함량이 높았으며 특히 칼슘은 다래나무 수액이 172.0㎎/ℓ, 노각나무 수액에서 13.7㎎/ℓ로 다래나무 수액이 노각나무 수액보다 약 13배나 높은 함량을 보였다. 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액은 분석된 총 17종의 구성 아미노산 중 다래나무 수액은 4종, 노각나무 수액에서는 6종이 검출되었는데, 다래나무 수액은 cystine, aspartic acid, serine 그리고 valine의 순으로 노각나무 수액에서는 cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine 및 phenylalanine 등의 순으로 함량이 높게 나타났다. Natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and composition amino acids in Darae(Actinidia arguta) and Korean stewartia(Stewartia koreana) saps were analyzed to establish to the basic data of foods. Free sugars of the saps determined were fructose and glucose which were detected higher amounts as 378.4 and 125.4㎎/100㎖, respectively, but sucrose and maltose were not detected. Among 10 kinds of mineral detected in the saps, the content of calcium in Darae and aluminum in the Korean stewartia saps was the highest 172.0 and 56.1㎎/ℓ, respectively. The calcium content in Darae saps was 13 times higher than that of Korean stewartia saps. The Darae saps were composed of 4 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, aspartic acid, serine and valine, and then Korean stewartia saps 6 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine and phenylalanine. It is concluded that saps of Darae and Korean stewartia contain a good variety of natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and amino acids to serve as an excellent source of very natural and health promoting drinks.

영조대 후반의 탕평정국과 노론 청론의 분화

최성환 한국역사연구회 2004 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.53

During the latter half period of King Yeongjo's reign, the Cheongron/淸論 members of the Noron/老論 party \vere adamant in adhering to the Euri/義理-based principles of the Noron party. But in fact they were divided into certain sub-sect factions which were respectively referred to as Dongdang/東黨, Jungdang/中黨, and Namdang/南黨 factions(with the former two siding together), due to their own differences in approaching issues of how to apply such principles to the functions of the government, where Tangpyeong-based policies were being practiced. Namdang members argued that the government must be led by members of the Noron party, which was the party of the 'Big persons/君子', instead of being led by persons randomly selected from numerous parties. On the other hand, the Dongdang and Jungdang memders viewed the vassals' party politics very negatively, and supported the idea of selecting officials with evaluations based upon their actions, which was the so-called Euri-Tangpyeong/義理蕩平 practice. Yet King Yeongjo, who had earlier put his own son to death, was intent on protecting the Crown prince(his grandson) by depending on Hong Bong Han's Bukdang party, instead of yielding to the support of the Cheongryu/淸流 members who were very adamant of sticking to the Euri(義理)cause and justice(名分). His own Hwanggeuk/皇極 Tangpyeong policy was essentially negating the Sarim members' discussions, and was only in need of the Bukdang support. The Noron party's Cheongryu/淸流 members strongly resented this kind of one-sided political handling. Then the Namdang members volunteered to uphold the Cheongron/淸論 discussions. They were sticking to the Euri cause to the extent of discussing not only attacking or punishing Hong Bong Han but also practically killing him, and such adherence earned them enough support to fight the Bukdang faction. But the Dongdang and Jungdang Cheongryu/淸流 members were doubtful, and thought that the Namdang members' attacks upon Hong Bong Ban was somehow related to certain treacherous intentions to rattle the Crown prince's political and personal status. So they argued against both the Namdang and Bukdang members altogether. All these factions clearly differed in their opinions of the Tangpyeong policy and the relationship between the King and the vassals. The Namdang faction's Cheongryu/淸流 members argued that true Tangpyeong politics should be led under Noron party's Big Persons' monopolistic control over the Euri issue. They also tried to protect the vassals opinions regarding the Euri issue, in the King & vassals' relationship. However, the Dongdang and Jungdang factions' Cheongryu/淸流 members emphasized the importance of the Euri Tangpyeong concept, which was based ulxm more of the individuals' actions than the parties', and considered the King's leading the Euri issues instead of the vassals' to be more appropriate and justified. The Shipa/時派 and Byeokpa/闢派 factions' clashes was merely an extension of the internal differences happening inside the Noron party Cheongron/淸論 members.

황 첨착활성탄을 이용한 구리의 제거

최성우,김영환 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2007 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.9

The purpose of this study is to enhance removal efficiency of copper by adsorption in aqueous solution. A commercial activated carbon was used. It was treated by heating from 30 to 900 "C in S02 gas. I achieved a high removal efficiency with ACS. The removal percent was respectively studied about the effect of ACS dosage, the initial pH of aqueous solution. In copper adsorption experiment, the amount of adsorbed copper increase with an increase in dosage of Adsorbent. the best removal efficiency was obtained from dosage 13.3 g/L of ACS. The maximum removal percent was 93%. The amount of adsorbed copper increase with an increase in pH from 3 to 5. The maximum removal efficiency in copper adsorption experiment with ACS at pH 3, 4, 5 was at pH 5. Isotherms for the adsorption of copper on ACS was developed and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model.

고출력 다이오드 레이저를 이용한 SKD11 표면 열처리 특성

최성대,정선환,양승철,김잠규 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

An experimental investigation with high power diode laser system was carried out to study the effect of surface heat treatment on the SKD11. The surface heat treatment characteristics of the laser beam were evaluated using hardness tests, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Results indicated that the Hardness were changed by beam size, focal length, feed rates. The micro grain structure was observed retained austenite grain at hardened zone and globular cementite grain at fine grain zone and base metal zone by optical microscopy. The intensive X-ray diffraction patterns of (110)-(200)-(211) was detected on the surface and the hardened surface intensity level was bigger than the unhardened surface. The intensive X-ray diffraction patterns of (110)-(200)-(211) was detected hardened surface and the hardened surface distributed plenty of carbon density than metal zone.

인공수정체안의 생체 측정

최시환,이성복 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

In case of exchange of intraocular lenses(IOL) in pseudophakia, errors can happen in measuring axial length because of existing IOL. Therefore, we examined the accuracy of axial length measurement in pseudophakia by measuring axial lengths of pre- and post-operation. Eighty nine eyes of 77 patients were divided into four groups in the order of description (AMO SI3ONB, Staar AQ2003V, Pharmacia 720A, and HOYA UY-60SA) : Group 1 and 2 for silicone lenses, and 3 and 4 for PMMA lenses. We compared pre- and post-operative axial lengths with Ocuscan (Alcon, U.S.A.). The postoperative axial lengths were measured by phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic mode. In pseudophakic mode, the velocity in IOL part was set at the rate of 980 and 1532 m/sec for Group 1 and 2, and 1532 and 2718 m/sec for Group 3 and 4. The preoperative average axial lengths of four groups were 23.34, 22.92, 22.88 and 23.73 mm, respectively. The postoperative average axial lengths of Group 1 and 2 were 23.20 and 23.07 mm at the rate of 980 m/sec in pseudophakic mode, and for Group 3 and 4, the lengths were 22.88 and 23.81 mm at the rate of 2718 m/sec in pseudophakic mode, and they were very close to the preoperative values. We can get the closest values to preoperative axial length by setting the velocity in pseudophakic mode at the rate of 980 m/sec for silicone lens and 2718 m/sec for PMMA lens.

Electron Cyclotron Resonance O_2 Plasma에서 증착한 규소 산화 박막의 특성

안명환,서문석,장재선,서성모,이기방,윤창주,이형재,남기석,최규현,손춘배,김용섭,강석희 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-

규소 산화막을 ECR-CVD(electron cyclotron resonance-chemical vapor deposition) 증착방법으로 5인치 기판위에 상온에서 증착하고, 증착공정조건인 증착율, 기판온도, 마이크로파의 세기변화 및 플라즈마 혼합기체의 비에 따른 규소 산화막의 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 산화막의 구조적인 특성을 비교하기 위해 FTIR을 이용하여 ECR-CVD 증착한 산화막, RPE-CVD(remote plasma enhanced-CVD) 증착한 산화막 및 열 산화막의 stretching frequency를 측정하였다. 측정된 결과 ECR-CVD로 증착된 산화막이 구조적인 면에서 열 산화막과 거의 같음을 보였다. ECR-CVD로 증착된 산화막의 전기적인 특성을 전류-전압 및 축전-전압 측정에의하여 분석하였다. 축전된 산화막의 전기적인 특성은 산화막의 전하 밀도는 1×10 exp (11)/㎠이였고, 평균 절연 파괴 전압은 약 6 MV/㎝이다. We have grown thin films of SiO_2 at room temperature by using an ECR-CVD system and have investigated the changes in the properties of the deposited films with changes in the processing conditions such as the deposition rate, the substrate temperature, the microwave power and the plasma gas mixing ratio. We also measured the stretching frequency of three kinds of oxides, and ECR-CVD-grown oxide, a PECVD-grown oxide, and a thermally grown oxide, using FTIR analysis to compare their structural properties. The result shows that the structural properties of the ECR-grown oxide are similar to those of the thermally grown oxide. Additionally, the electrical properties of the ECR-grown oxide were investigated by using current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. These electrical results indicate that the oxide charge density and the average breakdown voltage are 1×10 exp (11) ㎝^-2 and 6 MV/㎝, respectively.