생태전환교육과 인류세 그리고 역사교육

강화정(Hwajung Kang) 한국역사교육학회 2022 역사교육연구 Vol.- No.44

이 글은 생태전환교육의 논의에서 시작하여 인류세 담론과 서사 논쟁이 역사교육에 주는 함의를 살피는 방식으로 구성되었다. 생태전환교육은 현재의 지구적 위기에 대응하기 위해 제기된 교육적 담론으로 근대 교육이 가진 한계를 성찰하고 교육 전반의 ‘전환’을 촉구하는 역할을 수행 중이다. 역사교육 역시 생태전환교육의 맥락에서 새로운 도전과 변화가 요구되며 생태환경사 교육은 이에 부응하는 하나의 응답이다. 인류세는 전 지구적 위기를 민감하게 포착한 개념으로 역사교육에서 생태전환교육의 문제의식을 심화시키는데 많은 시사점을 준다. 인류세 서사 논쟁은 기후위기와 불평등의 문제가 어디서 기원했고 그 책임은 누구에게 있는가를 주요 논점으로 한다. 역사교육의 시선에서 인류세 서사는 파국으로 귀결된 자연사가 아니라 지구 행성의 위기를 야기한 인간과 사회를 성찰하고 위기를 한발씩 헤쳐 나갈 수 있도록 돕는 대안적 서사로 작동할 수 있다. 인류세 서사는 기존 학교 역사교육을 반성하고 성찰하는 새로운 자극제가 된다. 현재의 지구적 위기를 서사화할 때 이를 담을 수 있는 역사 과목은 무엇인지, 인류세의 문제의식이 교육과정과 교과서에 어떻게 구현될 수 있을지를 타진해가다 보면 현재 역사교육이 여전히 국가 단위의 발전주의 서사 속에 서 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 미래를 위한 새로운 역사 서사를 숙고할 때 인류세는 충분히 검토해야 할 개념이자 담론, 서사 구성의 아이디어이다. Ecological transformation education is an educational discourse to respond to the current climate crisis. It helps to reflect on the problems of modern education and urge a transform in education. Ecological and environmental history education is an attempt to realize ecological transformation education in history education. Anthropocene is a geological term and a concept that sensitively recognizes the crisis of Earth's planet. The main point of the narrative controversy of the Anthropocene is Where the climate crisis and inequality originated and who is to blame. From the perspective of history education, the narrative controversy of the Anthropocene is not the end of a catastrophe. It is a narrative that reflects on the cause of the crisis on Earth's planet. It is also a narrative that helps you get through the crisis. Anthropocene narratives help reflect on existing school history education. Think about how the critical mind of the Anthropocene will be reflected in history curriculum and textbooks. In the process, I can confirm the problems of current history education in South Korea. When considering a new historical narrative for the future, the Anthropocene should be fully reviewed as a concept, discourse, and idea of narrative composition.

Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, South Korea

Yi, Hwajung,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Hong, Eun-Hye,Kim, Mi-Seon,Kwon, Donghyok,Choi, Jang-Hoon,Choi, Woo-Young,Kim, Ki-Soon,Lee, Jong-Koo,Oh, Hee-Bok,Kang, Chun Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.16 No.12

<P>To identify oseltamivir resistance, we analyzed neuraminidase H275Y mutations in samples from 10 patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in South Korea who had influenza that was refractory to antiviral treatment with this drug. A neuraminidase I117M mutation that might influence oseltamivir susceptibility was detected in sequential specimens from 1 patient.</P>

Immunological characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection

Yi, Hwajung,Lee, Mi-Seon,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Lee, Hae Kyung,Kang, Chun Springer-Verlag 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.2

<P>Since the 2009 pandemic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) have been developed for specific diagnostics of pandemic viral infection. Most of the mAbs were poorly characterized because of urgency during the pandemic. Further characterization of the mAbs for RIDTs would be beneficial for understanding the immunological properties of the pandemic virus and utilizing the mAbs for other research purposes. In this study, it was confirmed that two mAbs (138 and D383) in an RIDT for H1N1pdm09 diagnostics were able to detect H1N1pdm09 virus through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Also, the two mAbs exhibited reactivity to hemagglutinins (HAs) of both the H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1 viruses; therefore, the RIDT using the mAbs could detect HAs of H1N1pdm09 and also HAs of 1918 H1N1-like strains. In an extension to our previous study, the epitopes (Sa antigenic site and the interface area of F' and vestigial esterase subdomahis on the HA1 domain of HA of H1N1pdm09) recognized by the mAbs were corroborated in depth by IFA with escape-mutants from the mAbs and mapping of the epitopes on the crystal structure of human H1N1 viral HAs. Collectively, these results imply that the mAbs for the RIDT may be suitable for use in studying the immunological properties of H1N1pdm09 viruses and that the Sa antigenic site and the interface area between F' and vestigial esterase subdomains on influenza viral HA recognized by the mAbs are immunologically conserved regions between H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1.</P>

Association between beverage intake and obesity in children

Kyungmi Hwang,HwaJung Lee,Jin-Hwan Hong,Keum-Soon Oh,YoonJung Kang,Na-Hui Kim,HaYoung Jeong,Hyewon Wang 대한지역사회영양학회 2018 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.12 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous researches have studied the association between sugar intake and obesity of children in many countries. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between beverage intake and obesity of children by reviewing a database for total sugar contents established in all foods and presented in a nutrition survey by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 1,520 children aged 6-11 years in the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015) were analyzed for this study. A database for total sugar intake comprises the total sugar contents of all foods included in the results of a nutrition survey using the 24-hour recall method of 6th KNHANES. Beverages were categorized into carbonated beverages, fruit & vegetable drinks, other drinks, tea, and coffee. RESULTS: The average daily beverage intake of all children was 131.75 g/day, and the average daily total sugar intake in beverages was 13.76 g/day. Carbonated beverages had the highest intake rate (58.85 g/day) and also ranked highest for sugar intake (6.36 g/day). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratio for obesity in children with beverage intake of ≥ 200 mL/day significantly increased by 1.83 times (95% CI, 1.11-3.00) as compared to children with beverage intake of < 200 mL/day. Also, a significant increase was observed in the odds ratio for obesity in total children (2.41 times; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33) and boys (3.15 times; 95% CI, 1.53-6.49) with carbonated beverage intake of ≥ 200 mL/day when compared with children who consumed < 200 mL/day. CONCLUSION: A positive association is observed between beverage intake and obesity in Korean children. In particular, an intake of carbonated beverages has a positive correlation with childhood obesity in boys. This study can therefore be used as scientific evidence for reducing sugar, and for the continuous management and research on beverages.

Synthesis of 7-Hydroxy-4-Oxo-4H-Chromene- and 7-Hydroxychroman-2-Carboxylic Acid N-Alkyl Amides and Their Antioxidant Activities

곽재환,Hae-Eun Kang,정재경,Hwajung Kim,조정숙,이희순 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.9

A series of 7-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene- (3a - h) and 7-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid N-alkyl amides (4a - g) were synthesized and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. While compounds 3a - h were less active, compounds 4a - g exhibited more potent inhibition of lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe2+ and ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. Among them, 7- hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid N-alkylamides (4e - g) bearing nonyl, decyl, and undecyl side chain exhibited 3 times more potent inhibition than trolox (1).

STAT3 silencing enhances the efficacy of the HSV.tk suicide gene in gastrointestinal cancer therapy.

Ahn, Ye-Hyeon,Yi, Hwajung,Shin, Ji-Young,Lee, Kang-Duck,Shin, Seung-Pil,Lee, Sang-Jin,Song, Jaewhan,Chun, Kyung-Hee Taylor Francis ; Rapid Science Publishers 2012 Clinical & experimental metastasis Vol.29 No.4

<P>Aberrant activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling has been shown to be associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation and suppression of host-immune surveillance. Conversely, silencing STAT3 can have the dual effects of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we report on the effects of STAT3 silencing on suicide gene therapy with thymidine kinase (tk). STAT3 silencing by siRNA inhibited the proliferation of AGS human gastric cancer cells through G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased levels of immune-suppressive cytokines, and increased levels of immune-activating cytokines. CT26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma cells, in which STAT3 expression was knocked-down by a STAT3 shRNA-containing lentivirus, grew more slowly in syngenic model Balb/c mice than control CT26 cells. Moreover, we found that STAT3 silencing augmented the efficacy of suicide gene therapy in CT26 cell xenografted mice. When we administrated adenoviruses harboring the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Ad5.CMV.HSV.tk) into STAT3-silenced CT26 cell tumors, extensive apoptosis was observed and there was a significant reduction in the size of CT26 cell tumors. STAT3 silencing also enhanced the recruitment and cytotoxic activity of CD3(+)CD8(+) T-cells, and changed the cytokine expression pattern of CT26 cell tumors, reflecting augmentation of anti-cancer immune responses. We conclude that combining suicide gene therapy with STAT3 silencing can result in enhanced anti-cancer effects.</P>

Novel Cell Permeable Peptide Based on Multi Basic Furin-dependent Cleavage Site of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein

Kisoon Kim,Chun Kang,Chan Hee Lee,Mi-Seon Lee,Hwajung Yi,Junhyung Cho 대한바이러스학회 2018 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.48 No.2

Mycophenolic mofetil, an alternative antiviral and immunomodulator for the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection

Cho, Junhyung,Yi, Hwajung,Jang, Eun Young,Lee, Mi-Seon,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Kang, Chun,Lee, Chan Hee,Kim, Kisoon Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.494 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Infection with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus results in a high incidence of mortality in humans. Severe complications from infection are often associated with hypercytokinemia. However, current neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) have several limitations including the appearance of oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 virus and the inability to completely ameliorate hyper-immune responses. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated the anti-viral activity of mycophenolic mofetil (MMF) against A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) virus infection using MDCK cells and mice. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> of MMF (0.94 μM) was comparable to that of zanamivir (0.87 μM) in H5N1 virus-infected MDCK cells based on ELISA. Time-course assays demonstrated that MMF completely inhibited H5N1 viral mRNA replication and protein expression for approximately 8 h after the initiation of treatment. In addition, MMF treatment protected 100% of mice, and lung viral titers were substantially reduced. The anti-viral mechanism of MMF against H5N1 virus infection was further confirmed to depend on the inhibition of cellular inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by exogenous guanosine, which inhibits viral mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-1β, IFN-β, IL-6, and IP-10 mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated in MDCK cells with MMF treatment. These results indicated that MMF could represent a novel inhibitor of viral replication and a potent immunomodulator for the treatment of H5N1 virus infection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MMF inhibits H5N1 replication <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. </LI> <LI> Inhibition of H5N1 replication by MMF mediated through guanosine depletion. </LI> <LI> MMF has immunomodulatory activity during H5N1 infection. </LI> </UL> </P>

The monitoring of marketed cosmetic products based on establishing analytical methods of safrole and DEG

Dojung Kim,Yongkyu Choi,Sumin Lee,Hwajung Kang,Jeong-Pyo Lee,Jae-Hyun Park,Jae-Hyeong Ahn,Sangseop Kim,Hyun-Ju Kim,Shin-Jung Kang,Chang Won Park 한국에프디시규제과학회(구 한국에프디시법제학회) 2013 한국에프디시법제학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Association between beverage intake and obesity in children: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2015

Wang, Hyewon,Jeong, HaYoung,Kim, Na-Hui,Kang, YoonJung,Hwang, Kyungmi,Lee, HwaJung,Hong, Jin-Hwan,Oh, Keum-Soon The Korean Nutrition Society 2018 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.12 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous researches have studied the association between sugar intake and obesity of children in many countries. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between beverage intake and obesity of children by reviewing a database for total sugar contents established in all foods and presented in a nutrition survey by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 1,520 children aged 6-11 years in the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015) were analyzed for this study. A database for total sugar intake comprises the total sugar contents of all foods included in the results of a nutrition survey using the 24-hour recall method of 6th KNHANES. Beverages were categorized into carbonated beverages, fruit & vegetable drinks, other drinks, tea, and coffee. RESULTS: The average daily beverage intake of all children was 131.75 g/day, and the average daily total sugar intake in beverages was 13.76 g/day. Carbonated beverages had the highest intake rate (58.85 g/day) and also ranked highest for sugar intake (6.36 g/day). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratio for obesity in children with beverage intake of ${\geq}200mL/day$ significantly increased by 1.83 times (95% CI, 1.11-3.00) as compared to children with beverage intake of < 200 mL/day. Also, a significant increase was observed in the odds ratio for obesity in total children (2.41 times; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33) and boys (3.15 times; 95% CI, 1.53-6.49) with carbonated beverage intake of ${\geq}200mL/day$ when compared with children who consumed < 200 mL/day. CONCLUSION: A positive association is observed between beverage intake and obesity in Korean children. In particular, an intake of carbonated beverages has a positive correlation with childhood obesity in boys. This study can therefore be used as scientific evidence for reducing sugar, and for the continuous management and research on beverages.