뇌성마비아 부모의 부담감 및 가족기능에 관한 연구

이화자,어용숙,Lee Hwa Ja,Eo Yong Sook 한국아동간호학회 2000 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.6 No.2

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped children are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family member may feel burden that the caregiver has less time and money and more work. Family functioning and their burden have influence on coping and adaptation of families with chronically-ill children. This study attempted to identify the levels of burden and family functioning in families of children with cerebral palsy and to examine their relationships. The instruments were burden scale developed by Suh and Oh(1993), and a modified Feetham Family Functioning Survey based on Roberts and Feetham.(1982). The subjects were 98 parents of children, under 15 years, who have cerebral palsy and being treated and living in Pusan. Data were collected through a self-administered question- aire from April 26 to May 29. The collected data were tested using frequencies, percentiles, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The mean rating scores of burden and family functioning were 2.79±.51 and 4.12±.69, respectively. 2. The relationships between general character- istics and burden were statistically significant difference : degree of children's handicap(F=6.333, P<.01). The relationships between general characteristics and family functioning were statistically significant differences : familial relation with the children(F=3.628, P<.05), caregiver's health status(F=4.359, P<.05), age of children (F=4.185, P<.05), and duration of treatment (F=6.802, P<.01). 3. In families of children with cerebral palsy, there was significantly negative correlation between the burden of parents and the performance of family functioning(r=-.230, P<.05). There were significantly negative correlations between the burden of parents and the satisfaction of family functioning (r=-.211, P<.05), and between the perceived importance and the satisfaction of family functioning(r=-.481, P<.01); however, there was a positive correlation between the performance and the perceived importance of family functioning(r=.425, P<.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that families of children with cerebral palsy need family-focused nursing interventions as supportive care for relieving their burden and for improving family functioning.

동물 만화영상의 풍자적 표현 연구

이화자,Lee, Hwa-Ja 한국만화애니메이션학회 2005 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.9

만화영상은 이미지적 속성과 언어적 속성으로 되어있으며, 유머와 풍자적 내용이 밀접하게 관계되어 있다. 그리고 영상매체에서 동물 소재로 표현되었던 풍자적 표현 기법들을 연구 ${\cdot}$ 분석한다. 그 방법으로 이론적 배경은 동물 만화 영상의 역사적 배경으로 선사시대 원시 동굴 벽화로부터 시작하여 현대의 다양한 만화영상 캐릭터 산업까지 간략한 흐름을 살펴본다. 그리고 동물 풍자적 표현 유형으로 동물 묘사의 문학적 표현의 다양한 유형을 정리해 본다. 마지막으로 문학에서의 풍자 표현 기법인 비유적 표현, 상징적 표현, 수사적 표현들의 개념을 알아보고 비교하여 작품분석을 시도한다. 이러한 시도는 기존에 개념화되었던 인문학적 분류와 새로운 시각영상예술인 만화영상매체에 의미 연결 및 결합의 기초 분석법을 제시하고, 또한 자료들을 데이터베이스화함을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 축적된 자료들은 만화영상에 창작되는 동물 캐릭터들의 내적인 풍자 속성의 이야기 생산 및 그 의미작용에 대한 세부적인 자료를 제시할 것이다. Cartoon & Animated cartoon is consists of imaginal attributes and linguistic attributes, and it is closely connected with humor and satirical contents. And then various expressions using animals as matter communicate satirical attributes of a satire strongly and easily. On this article, techniques of satirical expression using animals in Cartoon & Animated cartoon media are studied and analyzed. By the method, it looks around briefly beginning from primitive cave paintings of the prehistoric age to various contemporary Cartoon & Animated cartoon character industries as historical background of Cartoon & Animated cartoon, and also arranges various types that literary expression and representation for visual expression techniques - metaphorical expressions, emblematic expressions, figure of speech and so forth - on literature. This attempt aims for presenting a basic analysis method that connecting and combining Cartoon & Animated cartoon media with humanistic classification and making database of existing data. These accumulated data will indicate cartoon and the action of meaning.

석유회사광고 Buy me보다는 Love me에 호소하라

이화자,Lee, Hwa-Ja 대한석유협회 1993 석유와 에너지 Vol.1993 No.4

에세이 - 내가 만난 가장 아름다운 도시, 예레반!

이화자,Lee, Hwa-ja 대한건축사협회 2014 建築士 Vol.2014 No.8

애니메이션 동물캐릭터의 유머표현 연구

이화자(Hwa-Ja Lee),김치용(Chee-Yong Kim) 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.2

본 논문에서는 애니메이션 작품 속의 동물캐릭터에 내포된 유머표현에 관해 서술한다. 유머는 인간의 가장 완초적인 감정중 하나이며 생리적인 현상이다. 한편 동물이미지는 인류 역사에서 가장 오래되고 친밀한 표현 기법 중 하나이다. 이 두 가지의 의미가 현대 문화에 들어와 젊고 빠른 매체인 애니메이션과 접목되면서 현대 문화콘텐츠로 부각되고 있다. 이는 과거 역사적 동물이미지의 변환에 따르는 그 상징체의 창조 과정, 사회 환경적 의미작용, 문화콘텐츠의 활용 소스로 연구 가능하다.

M.A.K. Halliday’s Language Theory and Its Implications on Literacy Instruction

Hwa-Ja Lee(이화자) 한국응용언어학회 1989 응용 언어학 Vol.- No.2

교양영어 원어민 회화 프로그램의 총괄적 평가

이화자 ( Hwa Ja Lee ) 글로벌영어교육학회 2001 Studies in English education Vol.6 No.2

This article discusses the contribution that native English-speaking teachers (NEST) can make to Korea`s EFL education. By reviewing the present status of NESTs in Korea and their teaching behavior, it explores how NESTs and non-native English teachers (non-NEST) can work together to provide students with more opportunities to improve their communicative competence. The article suggests that NESTs and non-NESTs should attempt to compensate for each other`s disadvantageous teaching behavior so that some of the gaps may be narrowed. In order to investigate how the difference of NESTs` and non-NESTs` teaching specialty acted upon college students` English learning, the summative and feedback-oriented evaluation was conducted on the communicative General English program of Sunchon University.

중소벤처기업의 근무환경이 조직창의성에 미치는 영향

이화자 ( Hwa Ja Lee ),유왕진 ( Wang Ja Yoo ),이철규 ( Cheol Gyn Lee ),문종범 ( Jong Beom Moon ),이동명 ( Dong Myung Lee ) 한국경영공학회 2011 한국경영공학회지 Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, previous studies on the promotion factors of work environment, organizational creativity and business performance have been investigated. In addition, a research model was set after studying the specific related items. Then, a questionnaire survey was performed amongst the employees and directors of the Small and Medium Venture Business for empirical analysis. The survey was classified into organizational encouragement, leader`s support, support from the department and individual challenging spirit in terms of the promotion factors of the work environment. Regarding hindrance factors, they were classified into organizational obstacles and heavy workload. To analyze the relationship between technical, customer and financial achievements, a causal relationship was induced using a structural equation with product development capability and production capacity as parameters. The results of the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: First, it was confirmed that the promotion factors of the work environment have a significant impact on organizational creativity, not on business performance. Second, work environment hindrance factors had no significant impact on either organizational creativity or business performance. When organizational creativity was taken as a parameter through the analysis of covariance, however, a positive relationship was observed between promotion factors and business performance. Third, organizational creativity had a significant impact on business performance.

영어과 교육 과정의 기본어휘 선정을 위한 제안

이화자 ( Hwa Ja Lee ) 글로벌영어교육학회 1998 Studies in English education Vol.3 No.2

반복적 읽기를 통한 대학생들의 읽기 능력 향상

이화자 ( Hwa Ja Lee ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2015 Studies in English education Vol.20 No.2

This study investigates the effects of repeated reading on college students’ fluency and comprehension by providing them with feedback in terms of vocabulary and grammar. For this purpose, four students were given 8 sessions of repeated reading practice and the tests of fluency and comprehension were conducted before and after each session. Fluency was measured by reading speed and error types and numbers, while comprehension by retelling and check-up questions. After the pre-test, the students were provided with the feedback on the unknown vocabulary and structure of the text. Then the participants read a 250-word passage five times, four of those times reading aloud while listening to an auditory reading model of the passage in each session. The analysis of the data revealed that the students’ reading fluency and comprehension increased significantly including the lowestlevel student and this effect of repeated reading was transferred to new, unpracticed passages. Yet the higher level students outperformed the lower level students on both measures. In particular, the lowest student didn’t improve his comprehension. These findings make a suggestion for effective implementation of repeated reading that readers will benefit from to a greater extent if provided with various forms of support such as background knowledge as well as vocabulary and grammar.