Annual Financial Impact of Thyroidectomies for Nodular Thyroid Disease in China

Liu, Xiao-Yun,Zhu, Li-Jun,Cui, Dai,Wang, Zhi-Xiao,Chen, Huan-Huan,Duan, Yu,Shen, Mei-Ping,Zhang, Zhi-Hong,Wang, Xiao-Dong,Chen, Jia-Wei,Alexander, Erik Karl,Yang, Tao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

A large proportion of patients with thyroid nodules in China undergo thyroidectomy in order to get confirmatory histology diagnosis. The financial impact of this modality remains to be investigated. To evaluate rationality of performing thyroidectomy without a routine FNA preoperatively from the economic perspective, we conducted a retrospective, observational study of all archival thyroidectomies with records of cost per stay (CPS), cost per day (CPD) and length of stay (LOS) from 2008 to 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. We compared all the parameters between cancer and non-cancer thyroidectomies. We recruited 6, 140 thyroidectomies with valid records of CPS, CPD and LOS in this period. The CPS of cancer thyroidectomy was significantly higher than non-cancer thyroidectomy. The percentage of cancer thyroidectomy increased from 26.5% to 41.6%. The percentage of annual cost of cancer thyroidectomies rose from 30.2% to 45.2%. The LOS for cancer and non-cancer thyroidectomy decreased while the CPD increased in the past six years. The estimated national cost in 2012 for all thyroidectomies would be USD 1.86 billion with USD 1.09 billion for non-cancer thyroidectomies. We have witnessed great improvement in the healthcare for patients with thyroid nodules in China. However, given limited healthcare resources, currently thyroid FNA for more precise preoperative diagnosis may help to curb the rapidly increasing demand in healthcare costs in the future for nodular thyroid disease in China.

Bevacizumab Regulates Cancer Cell Migration by Activation of STAT3

Wu, Huan-Huan,Zhang, Shuai,Bian, Huan,Li, Xiao-Xu,Wang, Lin,Pu, Yin-Fei,Wang, Yi-Xiang,Guo, Chuan-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

There are numerous clinical cases indicating that long-term use of bevacizumab may increase the invasiveness of tumors. However, to date, little is known about underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate effects of bevacizumab in four cancer cells lines (WSU-HN6, CAL27, Tca83, and HeLa). It was found to promote migration and invasion in the WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cases, while exerting inhibitory effects in CAL27 and HeLa cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 inhibitors niclosamide and S3I-201 inhibited the STAT3 signal pathway, which is activated by bevacizumab. These inhibitors also substantially blocked bevacizumab-induced migration of WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cells. Bevacizumab upregulated interleukin (IL)-6 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 expression time-dependently. Therefore, we propose that bevacizumab has differential effects on the migration of different cancer cell lines and promotes migration via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Prime ideals and maximal ideals on commutative $L$-algebras

Huan Yun,Xiao Long Xin,Xiao Fei Yang,Ling Ling Mao 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2024 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.27 No.1

In this paper, we focus on ideals and prime ideals of $CKL$-algebras and applications of prime ideals of $CKL$-algebras. Firstly, we prove that any self-distributive $L$-algebra is a $CKL$-algebra. Conversely, we give an example of $CKL$-algebras that is not a self-distributive $L$-algebra. Furthermore, we give a generation formula of ideals on $CKL$-algebras. Secondly, we give some equivalent descriptions of prime ideals and its properties on $CKL$-algebras. We mainly prove that maximal ideals are prime ideals on $CKL$-algebras. Next, we give a counterexample to show that commutative L-algebras may be not residuated lattices, much less $MV$-algebras. The results show that commutative L-algebras are a true promotion of $MV$-algebras. Therefore, we study some properties of commutative $L$-algebras.

Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy: Evaluating Microstructural Changes of Extraocular Muscles and Optic Nerves Using Readout-Segmented Echo-Planar Imaging-Based Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Huan-Huan Chen,Hao Hu,Wen Chen,Dai Cui,Xiao-Quan Xu,Fei-Yun Wu,Tao Yang 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.3

Objective: We aimed to investigate the ability of readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI)-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing the microstructural change of extraocular muscles (EOMs) and optic nerves in patients with thyroidassociated orbitopathy (TAO) as well as in evaluating disease activity. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 35 TAO patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent pre-treatment rs-EPIbased DTI. Mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, and RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the medial and lateral EOMs and optic nerve for each orbit were calculated and compared between TAO and HC groups and between active and inactive TAO groups. Factors such as age, sex, disease duration, mediation, and smoking history between groups were also compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of significant variables for disease activity. Results: Disease duration was significantly shorter in active TAOs than in inactive ones (p < 0.001). TAO patients showed significantly lower FA and higher MD, AD, and RD than HCs for both medial and lateral EOMs (p < 0.001), but not the AD value of lateral EOMs (p = 0.619). Active patients had significantly higher FA, MD, and AD than inactive patients for medial EOMs (p < 0.005), whereas only FA differed significantly in the lateral EOMs (p = 0.018). The MD, AD, and RD of optic nerves were significantly lower in TAO patients than HCs (p < 0.05), except for FA (p = 0.129). Multivariate analysis showed that the MD of medial EOMs and disease duration were significant predictors for disease activity. The combination of these two parameters showed optimal diagnostic efficiency for disease activity (area under the curve, 0.855; sensitivity, 68.4%; specificity, 96.9%). Conclusion: rs-EPI-based DTI is promising in assessing microstructural changes of EOMs and optic nerves and can help to indicate the disease activity of TAO, especially through the MD of medial EOMs.

Type II transmembrane serine proteases 4 (TMPRSS4) promotes proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells (HEC1A and Ishikawa) via activation of MAPK and AKT

Huan Xiao,Zhian Zhang,Dan Peng,Chunqing Wei,Benling Ma 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.4

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the developed countries. Type II transmembrane serine proteases 4 (TMPRSS4) is a newly discovered transmembrane protein, which may be related to the invasion, metastasis of the tumor and the poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the role of TMPRSS4 in endometrial cancer and the detailed molecular mechanism. The results showed that TMPRSS4 was highly expressed in human endometrial cancer cells (HEC1A and Ishikawa). TMPRSS4 knockdown inhibited proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. In TMPRSS4 knockdown cells, the invasion of cells was significantly supressed. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly enhanced, while the levels of fibronectin and vimentin decreased in TMPRSS4 knockdown cells, which indicated thatTMPRSS4 knockdown attenuated the EMT of cancer cells. TMPRSS4 positively regulated the activation of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways in endometrial cancer. In conclusion, this study indicated that TMPRSS4 may be associated with the progression of endometrial cancer through promoting proliferation, invasion and EMT via activation of MAPK and AKT in endometrial cancer cells. TMPRSS4 may be a new and more effective target or therapeutic strategy for treating endometrial cancer.

Xiaoshuo as a Cataloguing Term in Traditional Chinese Bibliography

( Xiao Huan Zhao ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2005 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.5 No.2

Xiaoshuo has long been used as a Chinese equivalent for "fiction" by students and scholars of traditional Chinese literature since the early 20th century. In this paper, however, I will argue that xiaoshuo, which was never used in pre-modern China to designate the type of writings known today as "fiction", was primarily used as a cataloguing term in traditional bibliography to refer to any writings which were considered to be worth preserving but were considered to be incongruous with any one of the mainstream schools of Masters` writings. For this purpose, the author traces the use of the word "xiaoshuo" in early Chinese classics and bibliographical books of dynastic history, and explore the etymological rationale underlying "xiaoshuo" as a cataloguing term in classical Chinese.

Non-Doped Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Saturated Red Emission

Fei Xiao,Bing-xian Shao,Huan-rong Wu,Hui-ying Fu,Xiao-yuan Hou,Xin-dong Gao,Yi-qiang Zhan 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.2

Non-doped organic light-emitting diodes with saturated red emission were fabricated using 4-(2-(3,3-dicyanomethylene-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexylidene)vinyl)phenyldi(1-naphthyl)amine (DNP-2CN) or 4-(2-(3,3-dicyanomethylene-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexylidene)vinyl)phenyl(1-naphthyl)phe- nylamine (DPN-2CN) as the emitting layer. Different electron-transporting materials, tris(8-hydroxylquinoline) aluminum (Alq$_3$), 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris[1-phenyl-1$H$-benzimidazole] (TPBI) and 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), were introduced into the devices for examining their energy level compatibility of DNP-2CN or DPN-2CN. The device with a structure of ITO/ NPB/ DNP-2CN/ BCP/ Alq$_3$/ LiF/ Al showed red emission with $\lambda_{max}$ at 670 nm (CIE coordinates: $x$ = 0.66, $y$ = 0.33) and a high luminance of 438 cd m$^{-2}$ at a driving voltage of 12 V. The device with a structure of ITO/ NPB/ DPN-2CN/ BCP/ Alq$_3$/ LiF/ Al showed a high brightness of 225 cd m$^{-2}$ at a driving voltage of 12 V with $\lambda_{max}$ at 674 nm (CIE coordinates: $x$ = 0.65, $y$ = 0.33).

MFB 제어 기반의 비둘기 학습제어 시스템의 설계

도효환 ( Xiao Huan Du ),김성환 ( Seong Whan Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2009 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, we describe a telemetry stimulation system that controls animal-robots. In our system, we send the main control command from PC to the controller embedded in the pigeon based animal-robots. Once the controller receives the control signal, it makes biphasic stimulation pulses to medial forebrain bundle neurons to control the pigeon behavior as we want. We design the embedded controller using CUBLOC, which is lightweight for attaching on the pigeon.

北宋处士诗人创作及其唱和网络实况考察 - 渐非“士大夫专场”的北宋诗坛 -

LU XIAO HUAN 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2014 中國硏究 Vol.62 No.-

Chushi (a scholar or poet in hermitage who has never held a public office, hereinafter hermit) once existed, and the number of which is far beyond our imagination today. Through various ways, a large number of hermits have established a poetic circle which was hid by poets-as-officials so that others cannot resort.During the different periods of the Northern Song Dynasty, the overall strength of hermits’ poetry was growing continuously. With the increase of hermits and their growing creativity, Jiangxi Pai, among the folks, combined with the poets of fellow villagers exceeded the development of poetic circle established by poets-as-officials during Huizong’s dictatorship. From then on, “The Poets-as-Officials’ Time” was in decline, and it can even be regarded as the beginning of the hermits and other poets’ world. As a matter of fact, changes have always taken place in the proportion of poets-as-officials to hermits during the Northern Song Dynasty.

【語文學】 : 北宋處士詩人創作及其唱和網絡實況考察 -漸非"士大夫專場"的北宋詩壇-

려초환 ( Xiao Huan Lu ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2014 中國硏究 Vol.62 No.-

Chushi (a scholar or poet in hermitage who has never held a public office, hereinafter hermit) once existed, and the number of which is far beyond our imagination today. Through various ways, a large number of hermits have established a poetic circle which was hid by poets-as-officials so that others cannot resort.During the different periods of the Northern Song Dynasty, the overall strength of hermits`` poetry was growing continuously. With the increase of hermits and their growing creativity, Jiangxi Pai, among the folks, combined with the poets of fellow villagers exceeded the development of poetic circle established by poets-as-officials during Huizong``s dictatorship. From then on, "The Poets-as-Officials`` Time" was in decline, and it can even be regarded as the beginning of the hermits and other poets`` world. As a matter of fact, changes have always taken place in the proportion of poets-as-officials to hermits during the Northern Song Dynasty.