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Difference of Risk-relievers between High Risk and Low Risk in Online Purchasing
Hua-Long Fang,Sun-Dong Kwon,Kee-Su Bae 한국데이타베이스학회 2014 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.21 No.3
The Online business model for purchasing agent service is getting more popular. However, consumers perceive more risk when buying products from foreign online purchasing agents (FOPA) than from common online sellers (COS). This study focuses on finding out how consumers manage risk when they perceive risk and what different risk-reliever strategies they use when buying from high-risk FOPA and low-risk COS. This study has proved the following two. First, when consumers perceive risk at online purchasing, they tend to select risk-reliever strategies, such as the use of communication media, online assurance mark, seller’s record, and secure payment to mitigate risk. With the application of those risk-reliever strategies, they built trust with the seller. Second, risk-perception of FOPA influences usage of communication media and check of online assurance mark more strongly than that of COS. On the contrary, risk-perception of COS influences the check of seller record more strongly than that of FOPA. This study helps to explain why FOPA is proliferating, despite its inherent high risk due to the fact that buyers and sellers are separated in time and space and that buyers and sellers have different social and cultural backgrounds. This study also helps managers of E-commerce to relieve consumer’s risk-perception and to build trust.
Difference of Risk-relievers between High Risk and Low Risk in Online Purchasing
Fang, Hua-Long,Kwon, Sun-Dong,Bae, Kee-Su Korea Data Strategy Society 2014 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.21 No.3
The Online business model for purchasing agent service is getting more popular. However, consumers perceive more risk when buying products from foreign online purchasing agents (FOPA) than from common online sellers (COS). This study focuses on finding out how consumers manage risk when they perceive risk and what different risk-reliever strategies they use when buying from high-risk FOPA and low-risk COS. This study has proved the following two. First, when consumers perceive risk at online purchasing, they tend to select risk-reliever strategies, such as the use of communication media, online assurance mark, seller's record, and secure payment to mitigate risk. With the application of those risk-reliever strategies, they built trust with the seller. Second, risk-perception of FOPA influences usage of communication media and check of online assurance mark more strongly than that of COS. On the contrary, risk-perception of COS influences the check of seller record more strongly than that of FOPA. This study helps to explain why FOPA is proliferating, despite its inherent high risk due to the fact that buyers and sellers are separated in time and space and that buyers and sellers have different social and cultural backgrounds. This study also helps managers of E-commerce to relieve consumer's risk-perception and to build trust.
Fang Deng,Hua-Lin Yang,Long-Jin Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3
A novel adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) is presented and applied to ship dynamic positioning(DP) system with model uncertainties of time-varying noise statistics, model mismatch and slow varying driftforces. The adaptive algorithm is proposed to simultaneously online adapt the process and measurement noisecovariance by adopting the main principle of covariance matching. The measurement noise covariance is adaptedbased on residual covariance matching method, and then the process noise covariance is adjusted by using adaptivescaling factor. Simulation comparisons among the proposed RQAUKF, the strong tracking UKF (RSTAUKF) andthe standard UKF show that the proposed RQAUKF can effectively improve the estimation accuracy and stability,and can assist the controller to obtain better control performance.
Fang Deng,Hua-Lin Yang,Long-Jin Wang,Wei-Min Yang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.12
This paper presents the schemes of nonlinear offset-free model predictive control (MPC) for reference tracking of ship dynamic positioning (DP) systems, in the presence of slow-varying stochastic disturbances and input constraints. Two offset-free MPC strategies for nonlinear DP systems are proposed. The first approach, namely, the target calculation formulation, estimates the disturbance based on the augmented disturbance model, and employs a target calculator to address the MPC optimization problem. The second approach, namely, the delta input formulation, works with the augmented velocity model to lump the effects of disturbances into the input estimates. By successively on-line linearizing the state-space model at the current operating point, the future outputs are explicitly predicted, and then the nonlinear optimization problem becomes an easy quadratic optimization problem. The unscented Kalman filter is adopted for the state estimation. By implementing simulations for two scenarios of disturbances with parametric plant-model mismatch, the effectiveness of the two strategies is demonstrated. Results show that the closed-loop control performance of the delta input formulation method is superior, for its good robustness to the stochastic disturbance.
Xu, Xin-fang,Cheng, Xian-long,Lin, Qing-hua,Li, Sha-sha,Jia, Zhe,Han, Ting,Lin, Rui-chao,Wang, Dan,Wei, Feng,Li, Xiang-ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.4
Background: Mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and cultivated ginseng (CG) both belong to Panax ginseng and have similar ingredients. However, their pharmacological activities are different due to their significantly different growth environments. Methods: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based approach was developed to distinguish MCG and CG. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial-least-squares discrimination analysis were used to select the influential components. Results: Under optimized UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS conditions, 40 ginsenosides in both MCG and CG were unambiguously identified and tentatively assigned. The results showed that the characteristic components of CG and MCG included ginsenoside Ra3/isomer, gypenoside XVII, quinquenoside R1, ginsenoside Ra7, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Ra2, ginsenoside Rs6/Rs7, malonyl ginsenoside Rc, malonyl ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl ginsenoside Rb2, palmitoleic acid, and ethyl linoleate. The malony ginsenosides are abundant in CG, but higher levels of the minor ginsenosides were detected in MCG. Conclusion: This is the first time that the differences between CG and MCG have been observed systematically at the chemical level. Our results suggested that using the identified characteristic components as chemical markers to identify different ginseng products is effective and viable.
Zhou-wen Fang,Hua-jie Liu,Zhi-hao Wang,Di Wen,Xiang-li Long 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.68 No.-
The production of IPA from the oxidation of MX is completed under the catalysis of H3PW12O40 (HPW) loaded on carbon and cobalt. Oxalic acid is tried to modify the carbon to upgrade the catalytic activity of HPW@C catalyst. The experiments show that the best carbon is acquired by carbonizing the carbon at 450 °C for 2 h in N2 after being soaked in a 0.20 mol l−1 oxalic acid solution for 16 h. The IPA produced by the HPW@C catalysts prepared with the carbon modified is 58.9% over that obtained by the catalysts prepared with the original carbon.
( Ruo Peng Cai ),( Yan Long Jiang ),( Wei Yang ),( Wen Tao Yang ),( Shao Hua Shi ),( Chun Wei Shi ),( Jing Tao Hu ),( Wei Gu ),( Li Ping Ye ),( Fang Yu Zhou ),( Qing Long Gong ),( Wen Yu Han ),( Guil 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2
Recently, poly-γ-glutamic acid synthetase A (pgsA) has been applied to display exogenous proteins on the surface of Lactobacillus casei or Lactococcus lactis, which results in a surfacedisplayed component of bacteria. However, the ability of carrying genes encoded by plasmids and the expression efficiency of recombinant bacteria can be somewhat affected by the longer gene length of pgsA (1,143 bp); therefore, a truncated gene, pgsA, was generated based on the characteristics of pgsA by computational analysis. Using murine IL-10 as an exogenous gene, recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum was constructed and the capacity of the surface-displayed protein and functional differences between exogenous proteins expressed by these strains were evaluated. Surface expression of IL-10 on both recombinant bacteria with anchorins and the higher expression levels in L. plantarum-pgsA’-IL-10 were confirmed by western blot assay. Most importantly, up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with Poly(I:C) or LPS was exacerbated after co-culture with L. plantarum-pgsA. By contrast, IL-10 expressed by these recombinant strains could reduce these factors, and the expression of these factors was associated with recombinant strains that expressed anchorin (especially in L. plantarum-pgsA’-IL-10) and was significantly lower compared with the anchorin-free strains. These findings indicated that exogenous proteins could be successfully displayed on the surface of L. plantarum by pgsA or pgsA’, and the expression of recombinant bacteria with pgsA’ was superior compared with bacteria with pgsA.
Adsorption, Mobility and Degradation of Diphenamid in Chinese Soils
Xiaomao Wu,Ming Li,Youhua Long,Renxiang Liu,Yunlong Yu,Hua Fang 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.16 No.4
The present study was conducted to determine adsorption, mobility, and degradation characteristics of diphenamid in five Chinese soils and their relationships. The adsorption of diphenamid in soils tested could accurately be described by a Freundlich equation. Based on the mobility factor (Rf), diphenamid was seen to be slightly or moderately mobile in soils studied. Regression of Kf and Rf against selected soil properties indicated that Organic Matter (OM) was the most influential factor governing adsorption and mobility of diphenamid (r2 > 0.92 ) followed by clay (r2 > 0.61). There was a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between Kf and Rf of diphenamid. Diphenamid degradation data were fitted the first-order reaction equations, yielding half-lives (T1/2) ranging from 187.3to 247.5 days in unsterilized soils but prolonging to 577.5-630.0 days in sterilized soils. The prolonged T1/2 by sterilization showed that microbial degradation was the dominant pathway for diphenamid degradation in soils. Degradation of diphenamid in soils appeared to be influenced by soil OM (r2 > 0.97) and clay content (r2 > 0.85). The T1/2 of diphenamid was significantly related to both Kf and Rf (p < 0.05), indicating that either Kf or Rf might be used as a model for predicting degradation of diphenamid in soils involved.