Trichoderma biodiversity in major ecological systems of China

Kai Dou,Jinxin Gao,Chulong Zhang,Hetong Yang,Xiliang Jiang,Jishun Li,Yaqian Li,Wei Wang,Hongquan Xian,Shigui Li,Yan Liu,Jindong Hu,Jie Chen 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.8

An investigation of Trichoderma biodiversity involving a large-scale environmental gradient was conducted to understand the Trichoderma distribution in China. A total of 3,999 isolates were isolated from forestry, grassland, wetland and agriculture ecosystems, and 50 species were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of genetic markers. Trichoderma harzianum showed the largest proportion of isolates and the most extensive distribution. Hypocrea semiorbis, T. epimyces, T. konilangbra, T. piluliferum, T. pleurotum, T. pubescens, T. strictipilis, T. hunua, T. oblongisporum and an unidentified species, Trichoderma sp. MA 3642, were first reported in China. Most Trichoderma species were distributed in Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces in northeast China and the fewest were distributed in Qinghai Province. Based on the division of ecological and geographic factors, forestry ecosystems and low-altitude regions have the greatest species biodiversity of Trichoderma.

Physiological responses and small RNAs changes in maize under nitrogen deficiency and resupply

Zhenchao Yang,Zhengyan Wang,Chengcheng Yang,Zhao Yang,Hongquan Li,Yongjun Wu 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.10

Background Maize is an important crop in the world, nitrogen stress severely reduces maize yield. Although a large number of studies have identified the expression changes of microRNAs (miRNAs) under N stress in several species, the miRNAs expression patterns of N-deficient plants under N resupply remain unclear. Objective The primary objective of this study was to identify miRNAs in response to nitrogen stress and understand relevant physiological changes in nitrogen-deficient maize after nitrogen resupply. Methods Physiological parameters were measured to study relevant physiological changes under different nitrogen conditions. Small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to understand the response of miRNAs under different nitrogen conditions. Results The content of chlorophyll, soluble protein and nitrate nitrogen decreased than CK by 0.52, 0.49 and 0.82 times after N deficiency treatment and increased than ND by 0.52, 1.36 and 0.65 times after N resupply, respectively. Conversely, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased by 0.67 and 1.64 times than CK after N deficiency, respectively, and decreased by 0.09 and 0.35 times than ND after N resupply. A total of 226 known miRNAs were identified by sRNA sequencing; 106 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the control and N-deficient groups, and 103 were differentially expressed between the N-deficient and N-resupply groups (P < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to further validate and analyze the expression of the identified miRNAs. A total of 1609 target genes were identified by target prediction, and some differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted to target transcription factors and functional proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to determine the biological function of these targets and revealed that some miRNAs, such as miR169, miR1214, miR2199, miR398, miR408 and miR827 might be involved in nitrogen metabolism regulation. Conclusion Our study comprehensively provides important information on miRNA functions and molecular mechanisms in response to N stress. These findings may assist to improve nitrogen availability in plants.

Effect of Yeast Chromium and L-carnitine on Lipid Metabolism of Broiler Chickens

Wang, Jundong,Du, Rong,Qin, Jian,Wang, Shaolin,Wang, Wenkui,Li, Hongquan,Pang, Quanhai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.12

A $3{\times}4$ (chromium and L-carnitine) experiment was designed to investigate the single and interactive effects of adding yeast Cr and L-carnitine to corn-soybean meal diets on lipid metabolism of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty one-day-old avian chickens were randomly allocated to 12 treatments of 40 each for 7 weeks. Levels of adding Cr were 0, 400, $600{\mu}g/kg$ and those of Lcarnitine was 0, 30, 50, 100 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that adding $600{\mu}g/kg$ Cr or 100 mg/kg L-carnitine alone had better regulative effects on fat and cholesterol metabolism than lower adding levels. Effects were more significant at the end of the experiment. There were significantly interactive effects between Cr and L-carnitine on triaclyglycerol, whole cholesterol, HDL, dissociating FFA, and blood glucose, cholesterol and triaclyglycerol of liver, and cholesterol of chest muscle at the end of experiment (p=0.0001-0.0315). But Cr or L-carnitine had no significant effect on growth performance of broiler chickens (p>0.05).

In vitro Screening of Traditional Chinese Medicines Compounds Derived with Anti-encephalomyocarditis Virus Activities

Jiangang Zheng,Yinlan Xu,Ajab Khan,Shaoyu Wang,Hongquan Li,Na Sun 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.2

The prevalence of encephalomyocarditis virus has brought about enormous financial losses to the swine industry throughout the globe. Chinese herbal medicines have potential antiviral activity which has been proved. Fifteen traditional Chinese medicine compounds were screened for anti-encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) activity. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50), maximal inhibition rate (MIR), and effective concentration 50% (EC50) against EMCV were measured using MTT and antiviral assays on baby hamster syrian kidney (BHK-21) cells. Two of the compounds, baicalin and matrine, with MIR > 50% and selective index (SI) > 3 were chosen for further virus load analysis. The results showed that the MIRs of baicalin and matrine were higher than that of positive control ribavirin while the SI values were much smaller than that of the control. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that baicalin and matrine have significant (p < 0.05) anti- EMCV activity compared to the control. It is a baseline study concluded that baicalin and matrine needs further development as an independent drugs or part of a Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment of EMCV infection.

Feasibility of a Clinical-Radiomics Model to Predict the Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Zhou Yiran,Wu Di,Yan Su,Xie Yan,Zhang Shun,Lv Wenzhi,Qin Yuanyuan,Liu Yufei,Liu Chengxia,Lu Jun,Li Jia,Zhu Hongquan,Liu Weiyin Vivian,Liu Huan,Zhang Guiling,Zhu Wenzhen 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.8

Objective: To develop a model incorporating radiomic features and clinical factors to accurately predict acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 522 AIS patients (382 male [73.2%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 58.9 ± 11.5 years) were randomly divided into the training (n = 311) and validation cohorts (n = 211). According to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months after hospital discharge, prognosis was dichotomized into good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS > 2); 1310 radiomics features were extracted from diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression method were implemented to select the features and establish a radiomics model. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the clinical factors and construct a clinical model. Ultimately, a multivariable logistic regression analysis incorporating independent clinical factors and radiomics score was implemented to establish the final combined prediction model using a backward step-down selection procedure, and a clinical-radiomics nomogram was developed. The models were evaluated using calibration, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curve analyses. Results: Age, sex, stroke history, diabetes, baseline mRS, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and radiomics score were independent predictors of AIS outcomes. The area under the ROC curve of the clinical-radiomics model was 0.868 (95% confidence interval, 0.825–0.910) in the training cohort and 0.890 (0.844–0.936) in the validation cohort, which was significantly larger than that of the clinical or radiomics models. The clinical radiomics nomogram was well calibrated (p > 0.05). The decision curve analysis indicated its clinical usefulness. Conclusion: The clinical-radiomics model outperformed individual clinical or radiomics models and achieved satisfactory performance in predicting AIS outcome