香港新學制下漢字敎學如何定位? -以副學位實用中文課程爲例

양강정 ( Hong Ting Yeung ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2012 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.28 No.-

自2009年開始, 香港推行“334”新學制, 卽三年初中、三年高中、四年大學制。香港敎育局爲配合新高中課程發展, 發出『中國語文課程及評고指引(中四及中六-定稿)』, 把現行課程重新分爲九個學習範疇, 目的是讓學生獲得“全面而均衡的學習經歷”, 可是, 簡化字、異體字等基本的漢字知識還沒有列爲重點學習的部分。於是, 敎授這些實用的漢語知識的重任就落在專上院校的實用中文課程上。現時, 香港的專上院校分爲專上學院、大學兩類, 分別提供副學位、學位課程。過往, 學術界對大學的實用中文課程多有討論; 但專上學院則相對較少, 需要加以注意。 근大學一樣, 香港的副學位實用中文課程也包括簡化字等漢字知識, 學生需兼備“認讀”與“書寫”簡化字的能力, 要求比中學略高。惟因課程緊逼, 相關的漢字知識部分仍然欠缺系統性的敎授, 學生對於規範漢字的認識非常薄弱。中、港兩地接觸漸趨緊密, “漢字”是兩地書面語溝通的重要工具, 香港實在需要正視規範漢字的敎學狀況。新學制剛剛實施, 正爲推動漢字敎學提供一個良好的契機。本文主要從香港副學位實用中文課程一途, 正面硏究副學位現行的漢字敎學的狀況與定位; 側面探討課程的角色和功用, 擬就有關的課程、敎材、敎學法等提供一些分析和建議。 The new education policy “3-3-4”, which represents the three-year junior secondary, three-year senior secondary, and four-year undergraduate study, has been implemented in Hong Kong since 2009. To supplement with the new senior secondary curriculum development, the Education Bureau in Hong Kong released “Chinese Language Curriculum and Assessment Guide (Secondary 4-6)”. In the guide, the curriculum is restructured into 9 key learning areas, aiming at providing students with a comprehensive and balanced learning experience. However, basic knowledge of Han Characters including the simplified Chinese and the Chinese variants is not listed as one of those key learning areas. Hence, the responsibility of teaching such knowledge falls on tertiary institutions through Practical Chinese courses. Nowadays in Hong Kong, the two types of tertiary institutions, namely community colleges and universities, offer sub-degree and undergraduate degree programmes respectively. In recent years, there are numerous academic discussions related to Practical Chinese courses in universities. However, it is noteworthy that similar discussions in the context of community college are limited. Similar to the ones in universities, the Practical Chinese courses in community colleges include knowledge of Han characters such as the simplified Chinese. In these courses, students are expected to recognise and write simplified Chinese characters, and the requirements are usually higher than those in the secondary school curriculum. Nevertheless, owing to the tight teaching schedule in tertiary institutions, Han characters related content cannot be taught systematically, resulting in students` poor understanding of traditional Han characters. As the relationship between Hong Kong and China becomes closer, Han characters now become an inevitable tool of written communication among the two regions. Thus, awareness of teaching traditional, formal Chinese characters should be raised in Hong Kong. The imposition of the new curriculum offers a good opportunity to promote Han characters teaching. This article investigates the current situation of Han characters teaching and its positioning in the sub-degree level in Hong Kong, as well as exploring the corresponding roles and functions. Analyses and recommendations were also made to the course syllabus, teaching materials and teaching methodologies.

Structure and Thermal-enhanced Magnetic Properties of Mn4C Melt-spun Ribbons with Varied Stoichiometry

Ting-Ting Qi,Ping-Zhan Si,Fang Cheng,Zhi-Rui Wang,Hong-Liang Ge,Qiong Wu,Jihoon Park,Chul-Jin Choi 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.1

Cubic perovskite-type Mn4C is difficult to prepare for its metastable characteristics. In this work, we have obtained high-purity Mn4C successfully by using melt-spinning method. The effects of stoichiometry on the structure and magnetic properties of the samples were studied systematically. We found that x = -0.1 is the optimum composition for the formation of the cubic perovskite phase in Mn4+xC during rapid quenching. Most Mn4+xC melt-spun ribbons with x other than -0.1 are composed of Mn23C6, α-Mn, and Mn4C, while the fraction of different phase in Mn4+xC ribbons varies with x. The Curie temperature of Mn4+xC ribbons increases slightly with decreasing x, which may affect the lattice parameters of cubic Mn4C and thus the Mn-Mn exchange interactions. The magnetization of Mn4+xC (x = -0.1 and 0) increases with increasing temperature in high-temperature region while the onset temperature for such behavior is dependent on the fraction of Mn4C in the samples.

Multi-stage structural damage diagnosis method based on “energy-damage” theory

Ting-Hua Yi,Hong-Nan Li,Hong-Min Sun 국제구조공학회 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.12 No.3

Locating and assessing the severity of damage in large or complex structures is one of the most challenging problems in the field of civil engineering. Considering that the wavelet packet transform (WPT) has the ability to clearly reflect the damage characteristics of structural response signals and the artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of learning in an unsupervised manner and of forming new classes when the structural exhibits change, this paper investigates a multi-stage structural damage diagnosis method by using the WPT and ANN based on “energy-damage” theory, in which, the wavelet packet component energies are first extracted to be damage sensitive feature and then adopted as input into an improved back propagation (BP) neural network model for damage diagnosis in a step by step mode. To validate the efficacy of the presented approach of the damage diagnosis, the benchmark structure of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is employed in the case study. The results of damage diagnosis indicate that the method herein is computationally efficient and is able to detect the existence of different damage patterns in the simulated experiment where minor, moderate and severe damages corresponds to involving in the loss of stiffness on braces or the removal bracing in various combinations.

Involvement of Alternative Oxidase in the Regulation of Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Procymidone

Ting Xu,Ya-Ting Wang,Wu-Sheng Liang,Fei Yao,Yong-Hong Li,Dian-Rong Li,Hao Wang,Zheng-Yi Wang 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a filamentous fungal pathogen that can infect many economically important crops and vegetables. Alternative oxidase is the terminal oxidase of the alternative respiratory pathway in fungal mitochondria. The function of alternative oxidase was investigated in the regulation of sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to two commercial fungicides, azoxystrobin and procymidone which have different fungitoxic mechanisms. Two isolates of S. sclerotiorum were sensitive to both fungicides. Application of salicylhydroxamic acid, a specific inhibitor of alternative oxidase, significantly increased the values of effective concentration causing 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) of azoxystrobin to both S. sclerotiorum isolates, whereas notably decreased the EC50 values of procymidone. In mycelial respiration assay azoxystrobin displayed immediate inhibitory effect on cytochrome pathway capacity, but had no immediate effect on alternative pathway capacity. In contrast, procymidone showed no immediate impact on capacities of both cytochrome and alternative pathways in the mycelia. However, alternative oxidase encoding gene (aox) transcript and protein levels, alternative respiration pathway capacity of the mycelia were obviously increased by pre-treatment for 24 h with both azoxystrobin and procymidone. These results indicate that alternative oxidase was involved in the regulation of sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to the fungicides azoxystrobin and procymidone, and that both fungicides could affect aox gene expression and the alternative respiration pathway capacity development in mycelia of this fungal pathogen.

High β-Glucosidase Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Improves the Efficiency of Cellulase Hydrolysis and Ethanol Production in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

Hong Ting Tang,Jin Hou,Yu Shen,Lili Xu,Hui Yang,Xu Fang,Xiaoming Bao 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.11

Bioethanol production from lignocellulose is considered as a sustainable biofuel supply. However, the low cellulose hydrolysis efficiency limits the cellulosic ethanol production. The cellulase is strongly inhibited by the major end product cellobiose, which can be relieved by the addition of β-glucosidase. In this study, three β-glucosidases from different organisms were respectively expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the β-glucosidase from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera showed the best activity (5.2 U/ml). The recombinant strain with S. fibuligera β-glucosidase could metabolize cellobiose with a specific growth rate similar to the control strain in glucose. This recombinant strain showed higher hydrolysis efficiency in the cellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, when using the Trichoderma reesei cellulase, which is short of the β-glucosidase activity. The final ethanol concentration was 110% (using Avicel) and 89% (using acid-pretreated corncob) higher than the control strain. These results demonstrated the effect of β-glucosidase secretion in the recombinant S. cerevisiae for enhancing cellulosic ethanol conversion.

Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts antiinflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Hong-Lin Xu,Guang-Hong Chen,Yu-Ting Wu,Ling-Peng Xie,Zhang-Bin Tan,Bin Liu,Hui-Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Chen,Gui-Qiong Huang,Min Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1b. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescence-labeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

SH2D4A regulates cell proliferation via the ERα/PLC-γ/PKC pathway

( Ting Ting Li ),( Wei Li ),( Jing Yu Lu ),( Hong Liu ),( Ying Hui Li ),( Yan Yan Zhao ) 생화학분자생물학회 2009 BMB Reports Vol.42 No.8

[P3-09] Effect of roasting condition on the chemical composition and oxidative stability of perilla oil

Ting-Ting Zhao,Seung In Hong,In-Hwan Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

Mite Prevalence and Mite Sensitivity in China

Wen, Ting Huan,Cal, Li,Xu, Wei Hing,Wang, Hong,Xiang, Li,Hong, Shou Shu,Zhong, Jiang Min,Zhuang, Yi Jun 대한알레르기학회 1991 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.11 No.2

Multi-stage structural damage diagnosis method based on "energy-damage" theory

Yi, Ting-Hua,Li, Hong-Nan,Sun, Hong-Min Techno-Press 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.12 No.3

Locating and assessing the severity of damage in large or complex structures is one of the most challenging problems in the field of civil engineering. Considering that the wavelet packet transform (WPT) has the ability to clearly reflect the damage characteristics of structural response signals and the artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of learning in an unsupervised manner and of forming new classes when the structural exhibits change, this paper investigates a multi-stage structural damage diagnosis method by using the WPT and ANN based on "energy-damage" theory, in which, the wavelet packet component energies are first extracted to be damage sensitive feature and then adopted as input into an improved back propagation (BP) neural network model for damage diagnosis in a step by step mode. To validate the efficacy of the presented approach of the damage diagnosis, the benchmark structure of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is employed in the case study. The results of damage diagnosis indicate that the method herein is computationally efficient and is able to detect the existence of different damage patterns in the simulated experiment where minor, moderate and severe damages corresponds to involving in the loss of stiffness on braces or the removal bracing in various combinations.