泰納的文學史觀與早期中國文學史敍述模式的構建

진엄굉 韓國中國語文學會 2003 中國文學 Vol.40 No.-

근대 이후 지속되어 온 세계화globalization 중에서 오늘날에는 정보통신 및 경제의 세계화가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 노동 시장이 국제적으로 분산되어 있으며, 정보 시스템의 발달로 금융자본은 세계를 무대로 운영되고 있다. 전자 상거래가 일상화되고 있으며 다양한 상업 문화가 전세계를 휩쓸고 있다. 이는 개인의 삶과 그 목표뿐만 아니라 사회적인 것들의 내용을 전면적으로 개편하도록 강요하고 있다. 신자유주의적 자유 시장 이데올로기는 자본의 세계화를, 세계의 단일한 자유 시장화를 역사의 흐름으로 강요하고 있다. 그러나 이것은 거대한 투기 자본을 조절하지 못하고 있으며 분배의 문제 역시 도외시하고 있다. 이러한 오류를 교정하기 위해서는 세계화의 객관작인 모습을 그려 보아야 한다. 즉, 자본의 힘에 대항할 수 있는 인간의 얼굴을 한 세계화를 그 대안으로서 구성해야 한다. 이 대안을 보편 윤리의 구축이라는 관점에서 다루고 있는 이 논문은 우선 세계화의 개괄적인 모습과 이를 뒷받침하고 있는 신자유주의의 특성을 살펴보고 있으며 그후 보다 논리적인 측면에서의 접근을 위해 이것의 철학적 기반을 제공하고 있는 자유주의의 논점과 그것의 문제점을 공동체주의의 논점을 참고하면서 지적하고 있다. 마지막으로는 이 공동체주의의 한계를 지적하고 이의 극복을 위한 대안을 선험적 공동체주의에서 찾고 있다.

Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts antiinflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Hong-Lin Xu,Guang-Hong Chen,Yu-Ting Wu,Ling-Peng Xie,Zhang-Bin Tan,Bin Liu,Hui-Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Chen,Gui-Qiong Huang,Min Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1b. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescence-labeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

Isolating and Concentrating Rare Cancerous Cells in Large Sample Volumes of Blood by Using Dielectrophoresis and Stepping Electric Fields

Guang-Hong Chen,Chun-Ping Jen,Ching-Te Huang,Hsin-Hui Wu,Tatyana N. Zamay,Anna S. Zamay 한국바이오칩학회 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.2

Detecting rare cells, such as circulatingtumor cells (CTCs), circulating fetal cells, and stemcells, is vital during medical diagnostics and characterization. During carcinogenesis, cancer cells detachfrom the primary tumor into the blood stream, becomingCTCs. Typical rare cell samples are consideredany sample that contains less than 1000 target cellsper milliliter. The volumes of microfluidic devicestypically range from several microliters to nanoliters;this is excessively small for experimenting using lowconcentrationsamples. This study involved isolatingcancerous cells in an open-top chamber with sub-millilitervolumes (0.1 mL) of blood samples by using alysis buffer solution for red blood cells (RBCs), as wellas concentrating cells employing the dielectrophoreticforce generated using stepping electric fields,which were produced using a handheld electric modulethat comprised a voltage-frequency converterand an operational amplifier. To increase the samplevolume, an open-top chamber was fabricated on andbonded to a glass substrate by using circular microelectrodes. The concentrations of cancer cells andRBCs were adjusted to 500 cells/mL and 4×105 cell/mL, respectively, for the experiments. To reduce theinterference of blood cells during detection and isolateCTCs, the RBCs in the sample were lysed in alysis buffer solution before the proposed chip wasused to dielectrophoretically manipulate the rare cancerouscells. The findings indicated that the lysis bufferlysed the erythrocytes and the survivability levelsof the cancerous cells (HeLa and MCF-7) remainedhigh in the lysis buffer. The positive dielectrophoreticcancerous cells were guided based on the direction ofthe stepping electric field because of movement in thehigh-electric-field region; hence, the cancerous cellsconcentrated and collected at the central electrode.

小說家出於稗官說新考

진엄굉 ( Guang Hong Chen ) 한국중문학회 2009 中國文學硏究 Vol.38 No.-

Corrigendum to "Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway" [J Ginseng Res 46 (2022) 156-166]

Xu, Hong-Lin,Chen, Guang-Hong,Wu, Yu-Ting,Xie, Ling-Peng,Tan, Zhang-Bin,Liu, Bin,Fan, Hui-Jie,Chen, Hong-Mei,Huang, Gui-Qiong,Liu, Min,Zhou, Ying-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.2

Comparison of multiaxial fatigue damage models under variable amplitude loading

Hong Chen,De-Guang Shang,Yu-Jie Tian,Jian-Zhong Liu 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.11

Based on the cycle counting method of Wang and Brown and on the linear accumulation damage rule of Miner, four multiaxial fatigue damage models without any weight factors proposed by Pan et al., Varvani-Farahani, Shang and Wang, and Shang et al. are used to compute fatigue damage. The procedure is evaluated using the low cycle fatigue experimental data of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy and En15R steel under tension/torsion variable amplitude loading. The results reveal that the procedure is convenient for engineering design and application, and that the four multiaxial fatigue damage models provide good life estimates.

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Thermostable Xylanase from a Novel Strain, Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1

( Hong Chen Zheng ),( Yi Han Liu ),( Xiao Guang Liu ),( Jian Ling Wang ),( Ying Han ),( Fu Ping Lu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7

High levels of xylanase activity (143.98 IU/ml) produced by the newly isolated Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 were detected when it was cultivated in a synthetic medium. A thermostable xylanase, designated XynG1-1, from P. campinasensis G1-1 was purified to homogeneity by Octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, Sephadex G75 gel-filter chromatography, and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, consecutively. By multistep purification, the specific activity of XynG1-1 was up to 1,865.5 IU/mg with a 9.1-fold purification. The molecular mass of purified XynG1-1 was about 41.3 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Sequence analysis revealed that XynG1-1 containing 377 amino acids encoded by 1,134 bp genomic sequences of P. campinasensis G1-1 shared 96% homology with XylX from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and 77%~78% homology with xylanases from Bacillus sp. YA- 335 and Bacillus sp. 41M-1, respectively. The activity of XynG1-1 was stimulated by Ca2+, Ba2+, DTT, and β- mercaptoethanol, but was inhibited by Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, SDS, and EDTA. The purified XynG1-1 displayed a greater affinity for birchwood xylan, with an optimal temperature of 60oC and an optimal pH of 7.5. The fact that XynG1-1 is cellulose-free, thermostable (stability at high temperature of 70oC~80oC), and active over a wide pH range (pH 5.0~9.0) suggests that the enzyme is potentially valuable for various industrial applications, especially for pulp bleaching pretreatment.

Peripheral arterial disease is associated with coronary artery spasm as assessed by an intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test

Chen, Kang-Yin,Rha, Seung-Woon,Li, Yong-Jian,Poddar, Kanhaiya L,Jin, Zhe,Minami, Yoshiyasu,Wang, Lin,Li, Guang-Ping,Saito, Shigeru,Park, Jae-Hyoung,Na, Jin-Oh,Choi, Cheol Ung,Lim, Hong-Euy,Kim, Jin-Wo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiolog Vol.36 No.11

<P>Summary</P><P>1. Both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery spasm (CAS) are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Thus, a higher incidence of CAS may be expected in patients with PAD. In the present study, we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of CAS in patients with PAD.</P><P>2. A total of 78 patients with PAD and 241 age- and gender-matched patients without PAD who had chest pain with normal coronary appearance on coronary angiograms underwent intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation test. Acetylcholine was injected into the left coronary artery in incremental doses of 20, 50 and 100 &mgr;g/min. Significant CAS was defined as a transient > 70% luminal narrowing with concurrent chest pain and/or ST segment changes.</P><P>3. Patients with PAD had a significantly higher incidence of ACh-induced significant CAS than those without PAD (60.3 vs 34.0%, respectively <I>P</I> < 0.001), as well as chest pain and ST segment changes during the ACh provocation test. Patients with PAD were more sensitive to lower doses of ACh and had a higher incidence of multivessel spasm than those without PAD. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that age, current smoking, PAD and myocardial bridge were independent predictors of ACh-induced significant CAS. Moreover, of these factors, PAD was the strongest independent predictor (odds ratio 4.25; confidence interval 1.33–13.54; <I>P</I> = 0.014).</P><P>4. In patients with chest pain, the presence of arterial disease at another site should still push the clinician towards treating the chest pain as angina, even if the coronary anatomy is normal on a coronary angiogram.</P>

Expression and Prognostic Role of MEKK3 and pERK in Patients with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Chen, Qi,Lu, Hong-sheng,Gan, Mei-fu,Chen, Lan-xi,He, Kai,Fan, Guang-min,Cao, Xue-quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is an important serine/threonine protein kinase and a member of the MAPK family. MEKK3 can effectively activate the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and promote an autocrine growth loop critical for tumor genesis, cell proliferation, terminal differentiation, apoptosis and survival. To explore the relationship between MEKK3 and cell apoptosis, clinicopathology and prognosis, we characterize the expression of MEKK3, pERK and FoxP3 in the renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC). Protein expression was detected by tissue microarray and immunochemistry in 46 cases of RCCC and 28 control cases. Expression levels of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ were assessed by flow cytometry and analyzed for their association with pathological factors, correlation and prognosis in RCCC. Expression of MEKK3, pERK and FoxP3 was significantly up-regulated in RCCC as compared to control levels (p<0.01), associated with pathological grade (p<0.05)and clinical stage (p<0.05). CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells were also significantly increased in RCCC patients (p<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that MEKK3, pERK expression and patholigical stage were independent prognostic factors in patients with RCCC (p<0.05). MEKK3 can be used as an important marker of early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in RCCC. It may be associated with imbalance of anti-tumor immunity and overexpression of pERK. Expression of MEKK3 and pERK are significantly increased in RCCC, with protein expression and clinical stage acting as independent prognostic factors.

Ischemic postconditioning protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing MIP2

Hong-Lin Zhu,Kang-Kai Wang,Xing Wei,Shun-Lin Qu,Chi Zhang,Xiao-Xia Zuo,Yan-Sheng Feng,Qi Luo,Guang-Wen Chen,Mei-Dong Liu,Lei Jiang,Xian-Zhong Xiao 생화학분자생물학회 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.8

Cardiomyocytes can resist ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)injury through ischemic postconditioning (IPoC)which is repetitive ischemia induced during the onset of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemic preconditioning up-regulated protein 2 (MIP2) is a member of the WD-40family proteins, we previously showed that MIP2 was up-regulated during ischemic preconditioning (IPC). As IPC and IPoC engaged similar molecular mechanisms in cardioprotection, this study aimed to elucidate whether MIP2 was up-regulated during IPoC and contributed to IPoC-mediated protection against I/R injury. The experiment was conducted on two models,an in vivo open chest rat coronary artery occlusion model and an in vitro model with H9c2 myogenic cells. In both models, 3 groups were constituted and randomly designated as the sham, I/R and IPoC/hypoxia postconditioning (HPoC) groups. In the IPoC group, after 45 min of ischemia, hearts were allowed three cycles of reperfusion/ischemia phases (each of 30 s duration)followed by reperfusion. In the HPoC group, after 6 h of hypoxia, H9c2 cells were subjected to three cycles of 10 minute reoxygenation and 10 minute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. IPoC significantly reduced the infarct size, plasma level of Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB in rats. 12 h after the reperfusion,MIP2 mRNA levels in the IPoC group were 10 folds that of the sham group and 1.4 folds that of the I/R group. Increased expression of MIP2 mRNA and attenuation of apoptosis were similarly observed in the HPoC group in the in vitro model. These effects were blunted by transfection with MIP2 siRNA in the H9c2cells. This study demonstrated that IPoC induced protection was associated with increased expression of MIP2. Both MIP2 overexpression and MIP2 suppression can influence the IPoC induced protection.