대구시 建築審議制度 變遷에 관한 硏究

최판길,박영홍,하재명 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

This study focuses on the change of the architectural design-review system that is pointed of committee members, object and criteria of the review in Daegu. Members of the committee were seen to grow up each year. It related with the addition of review-objects and the separation of two committee that intended to proceed the review equitably. The review-objects were more and more easily adjusted in design review. Because it was an intention of the activating construction and administrational changes from city government to its sub-government. The review-criteria were also gradually simplified and changed to be based on the law and regulations. This paper draws four complements through the change of the review system : First, the major and vocation of the committee are needed to control. It is equally needed in each parts of committee members, and it is needed to participate experts in new parts. Second, the review-objects are needed to strengthen the city regulations that present object is over 21 stories and the area is 100,000 square meters. So the important commercial building of the roadside will be included in the review-object. Third, the more objective review-criteria is needed. Because most of the architects want to know the design criteria which the committee consider continuously. Fourth, an addition of the sustainable criteria is needed. These changes are more helpful set of a progressive review system and they will improve the architectural design and its environment.

LMC와 RSLMC의 열팽창 특성에 관한 연구

임홍범,최성용,최판길,윤경구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

Latex modification of concrete provides the material with higher flexural strength, as well as high bond strength and reduced water permeability. However, If the thermal expansion properties of overlay concrete (latex-modified concretes) are big different from that of substrate (ordinary portland cement concrete), these would cause a big interfacial stresses and result in premature failure. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate thermal expansion characteristics of latex-modified concrete with cement types. The result of thermal expansion showed the coefficient of thermal expansion of concretes increased with latex inclusion. The coefficient of thermal expansion of RSLMC was a little smaller than that of LMC, which might be due to the finer cement grain, compacter internal, and stiffer properties of concrete. However, the coefficients of LMC and RSLMC were quite similar to that of ordinary cement concrete. Thus, this would not cause an interfacial stresses and will enable to ensure long-term performance of concrete bridge deck overlays.

중국 밀감 농작업에 있어서 노동력 이용형태에 관한 연구

김재홍,반려 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.2

China's agriculture is changing now, especially in terms of cash farming. Orange farming is one of the main cash crops. This study is to identify the labor utilization of orange farming of farm households in China. The Results are as follows. First, farm size increasing is an essential measure to save labor. Big farm requires less than 20% of labor inputs than that of average size farm. Second, in the aspect of the employment labor, while male labor accounted for the 5% of total labor, female employment labor took up much more, which amounts to almost half of family labor. Third, the average wage of men is almost twice as much as that of women's wage, and it is sharply increasing. Fourth, Chinese farm households put more labor input than Korean farm households in orange production, which is due to the substitution of capital for labor.

中都市 大學生들의 健康追求行態에 關한 硏究 : 吸煙 및 飮酒實態를 中心으로 With the Viewpoint of Smoking and Drinking Status

鄭善太,權判根,鄭成浩,洪大容 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

The survey was conducted on health persuit behavioral patern of 1227 university students in medium city with the viewpoint of smoking and drinking status during the months of April and May, 1985. The main findings were as follows: 1. 40.3%of the male students surveyed were smoking cigarettes. 2. Smoking rates were significantly different by sex, grade, age, specialty and residence, respectively (P<0.01). 3. 84.1 % of smokers were smoking below 1 pack of cigarettes per day and smoking amounts were not significantly different by grade, sex, age, special ty and residence. 4. The duration of smoking were significantly different by grade and sex. 5. The amounts of drinking were significantly different by sex, age, specialty and residence, respectively (P<0.01). 6. The favorite kinds of liquor were significantly different by grade and sex (F<0.01), age and specialty (P<0.05), respectively. 7. "Optimistic prone students" were revealed to be heavy drinker. 8. Students who have high self-esteem scale were revealed to be heavy drinker. 9. The knowledge of health effects of smoking was significantly different between smoker and non-smoke. 10. Smokers were drinking more than non-smokers. 11. The rates of smoking were higher in "pessimistic prone students" than in "optimistic prone students." 12. According to the multiple classification analysis, non variables selected affected on amounts of smoking. 13. According to the multiple classification analysis, amounts of drinking were significantly affected by smoking-or-not, the knowledge of health effects of alcohol, personality and self-esteem variables.

Effect of calcination temperature on the textural properties and photocatalytic activities of highly ordered cubic mesoporous WO3/TiO2 films.

Pan, Jia Hong,Sun, Darren D,Lee, Chongmu,Kim, Yong Joo,Lee, Wan In American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.10 No.7

<P>Highly organized cubic mesoporous WO3/TiO2 films were successfully prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process, employing triblock copolymer as template. The characterization results by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis. spectrophotometry, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms reveal that the mesoporous films are made up of well-defined 3-D cubic (lm3m space group) mesoporous structure and nanocrystalline anatase frameworks with high surface area, uniform pore sizes and excellent optical transparency. Photocatalytic properties of the mesoporous WO3/TiO2 films in decomposing gaseous 2-propanol to CO2 were analyzed as a function of calcinations temperature. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained for the films calcined at 450 degrees C, which possess an appropriate crystallinity and relevant ordering of mesoporous structure. It was found that that long-range ordering of mesopores is one of the important factors in determining the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous organics.</P>

Photocatalytic Properties of Mesoporous TiO₂ Films Derived from Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly Method

Pan, Jia Hong,Chai, Seung Yong,Lee, Wan In Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2006 Materials science forum Vol.510 No.-

<P>Hexagonal and cubic mesoporous TiO2 films were prepared by using triblock copolymer-templated sol-gel method via evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. The mesophase of TiO2 film was controlled by spin-speed during the spin-coating process. The hexagonal mesoporous structure was formed at a high spin-speed around 2000 rpm, whereas the cubic mesostructure was formed at a low spin-speed around 600 rpm. XRD and TEM results indicate that those mesostructures are highly organized with a pore diameter of 7 nm. The prepared cubic and hexagonal mesoporous films were tested as photocatalysts for the decomposition of 2-propanol in gas phase. Both films presented considerably higher photocatalytic activity than a nonporous TiO2 films prepared by a typical sol-gel process without addition of triblock copolymer. Notably, we found that the cubic mesoporous films showed a relatively higher photocatalytic activity than the hexagonal mesostructured film. We believe this is due to the orientation of pore channels open on the surface of mesoporous films.</P>

Deep BBN Learning for Health Assessment toward Decision-Making on Structures under Uncertainties

Hong Pan,Guoqing Gui,Zhibin Lin,Changhui Yan 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.3

Structural systems are often exposed to harsh environment, while these environmental factors in turn could degrade the system over time. Their health state and structural conditions are key for structural safety control and decision-making management. Although great efforts have been paid on this field, the high level of variability due to noise and other interferences, and the uncertainties associated with data collection, structural performance and in-service operational environments post great challenges in finding information to assist decision making. The machine learning techniques in recent years have been gaining increasing attentions due to their merits capturing information from statistical representation of events and thus enabling making decision. In this study, the deep Bayesian Belief Network Learning (DBBN) was used to extract structural information and probabilistically determine structural conditions. Different to conventional shallow learning that highly relies on the quality of the hand-crafted features, the deep learning is an end-to-end method to encode the information and interpret vast amount of data with minimizing or no features. A case study was conducted to address the methods for structure under viabilities and uncertainties due to operation, damage and noise interferences. Numerical results revealed that the deep learning exhibits considerably enhanced accuracy for structural diagnostics, as compared to the supervised shallow learning. With predetermined training set, the DBBN could accurately determine the structural health state in terms of damage level, which could dramatically help decision making for further structural retrofit or not. Note that the noise interference could contaminate the data representation and in turn increase the difficulty of the data mining, though the deep learning could reduce the impacts, as compared to conventional shallow learning techniques.

Microstructure and electrical properties of La_2O_3-doped Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.1)_0.5TiO_3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Hong Pan,Yuting Hou,Xiaolian Chao,Lingling Wei,Zupei Yang 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

La_2O_3-doped Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.1)_0.5TiO_3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been successfully prepared by conventional solid state method and the effects of La_2O_3 doping on microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated all ceramics possessed pure perovskite structure with rhombohedral symmetry. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss revealed two abnormal dielectric peaks of T_d and T_m,which implied that from room temperature to 500 ℃ all ceramics underwent two phase transitions which were from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric, respectively. It was also found that the transition temperature T_d decreased with the addition of La_2O_3. Diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant were observed in all ceramics. Dielectric relaxor behavior obeyed the modified Curie―Weiss law. The results revealed that all samples had relaxor characteristics. In addition, for the ceramics with 0.1 wt.% La_2O_3, optimized electrical properties were obtained, which were as follows: ε_r = 1254 (1 kHz), tan δ = 0.0483, d_33 = 192 pC/N, K_p = 0.27,P_r = 29.1 μC/cm^2, and E_c = 29.0 kV/cm.

Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Two Novel 2D Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers based on Fluconazole and Benzene Carboxylic Acid

Pan, Gang-Hong,Tang, Jing-Niu,Xu, Wen-Jia,Liang, Peng,Huang, Zhong-Jing Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites M1 and M2 in relation to CYP2B6*6 polymorphism

Pan, Wei,Bae, Soo-Kyung,Shim, Eon-Jeong,Park, Sung-Eun,Lee, Sang-Seop,Park, Soo-Jin,Yeo, Chang-Woo,Zhou, Hong-Hao,Shon, Ji-Hong,Shin, Jae-Gook Informa Healthcare 2013 Xenobiotica Vol.43 No.2

<OL><LI><P>Plasma concentrations of sibutramine and its two active metabolites after single oral dose of sibutramine were determined in Korean healthy male subjects with different CYP2B6 genotypes (CYP2B6*1/*1, *1/*6 and *6/*6), either alone or after four-day pretreatment with clopidogrel or clarithromycin.</P></LI><LI><P>The pretreatment with clopidogrel and clarithromycin raised the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of sibutramine by 163% and 255%, respectively.</P></LI><LI><P>Co-administration of clarithromycin, combined with <I>CYP2B6*6/*6</I> genotype, led to highest concentration of sibutramine.</P></LI><LI><P>The molar sum AUC (M1 + M2) was raised by 35% in the clopidogrel phase but not significantly affected by clarithromycin or CYP2B6 genotype.</P></LI><LI><P>The <I>CYP2B6*6/*6</I> subjects in the clopidogrel phase showed the highest molar AUC (M1 + M2) among three genotype groups throughout the three phases.</P></LI><LI><P>The exposure of sibutramine and its metabolites seemed to be associated with the CYP2B6 genotype.</P></LI><LI><P>The treatment of clopidogrel significantly altered the disposition of active metabolites as well as sibutramine, but clarithromycin only affects the disposition of sibutramine.</P></LI><LI><P>These results suggest that the perturbation of CYP2B6 activity may contribute to the inter-individual variation of sibutramine drug responses although the clinical relevance is remained to be established.</P></LI></OL>