Improvement of Attention, Long-term and Short-term Memory by Brain Factor-7™ (BF-7™)

Hong Junkee,노유훈,이지원,Whang Wan Kyunn,Zheng Yulong,원무호,Kang Il-Jun,김성수 건강기능식품미래포럼 2022 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.2 No.1

Brain Factor-7™ (BF-7™) is a mixture of silk peptides obtained from hydrolyzed fibroin of the cocoon shell of Bombyx mori, which was developed by Famenity Co., LTD and approved as a health functional food by The Korea Ministry of Food and Drug safety. Several previous clinical studies showed that BF-7™ enhanced the learning and cognitive function in various age groups. In the present study, a clinical study was performed to assess whether BF-7™ enhances short-term, long-term memory and attention on 28 college students who were given 400 mg of BF-7™ orally once a day for 4 weeks. The memory was evaluated by Korean version of Memory Assessment Scales (K-MAS) and attention was by encephalogram of P300 wave. The results were as follows. Short-term verbal memory, short-term visual memory, long-term verbal memory and long-term word memory improved by 47.2, 42.2, 54.8 and 22.3%, respectively. The encephalogram of P300 wave showed that the attention level was enhanced significantly but with less stress. In the in vitro studies on SHSY-5Y cells (a neuronal cell line), BF-7™ were shown to prevent the toxic effects of Aβ1-42 on these cells such as the decrease of cell viability, apoptosis, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that BF-7™ enhances both short- and long-term memory as well as attention level and prevents harmful actions of Aβ that affects function and health of the brain.

Anti-Depressant Effects of CPAE via Inhibition of cAMP Activity of 5-HT<SUB>6</SUB>

Junkee Hong,Inae Kwak,Dool-Ri Oh,Kyo-Nyeo Oh,Yujin Kim,Hyunmi Lee,Jaeyong Kim,Joohyun Oh,Haneul Jo,Chansung Park,Jimin Kim,Bomi Kim,Yongwook Lee,Chulyung Choi,Kwontaek Yi 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Emulsifying Solution Prepared by an AI-based Drug Delivery System (AIDDS™) Enhances Bioavailability of Silymarin

Hong Junkee,Jeon Byung-Ju,Myeong Jaeho,Kim Ga-Young,이지원,김성수 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.2

To increase the bioavailability of a lipophilic compound, it is needed to use emulsifying solutions (emulsifiers) that can dissolve the substance efficiently. In the present study, efforts were made to find suitable emulsifiers for silymarin. For this purpose, medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and polysorbate 80 were selected as a solvent and surfactant, respectively and co-surfactants including polyglyceryl-3 dioleate (Plurol® Oleique CC 497), propylene glycol monocaprylate (Type I, Capryol PGMC) and propylene glycol were selected. Among the solutions prepared by various ratios, the mixtures made with the ratios of 1:1:7, 1:2:6, 1:3:5, 6:1:2, 6:2:1 or 7:1:1 were shown to emulsify silymarin very effectively. Thus, one of the 6 emulsifiers (EMUSIFIERAIDDS™) was mixed with silymarin and the resulting emulsion was found to have the following properties. 1) The sizes of microemulsion droplets were around 100nm which is in the range of good quality size. 2) At 25°C/relative humidity 60% or 40°C/relative humidity 75% for 3 months, the solution was clear and transparent without any phase separation and showed no changes in silymarin concentration. 3) Dissolution of silymarin from this emulsion into the surrounding media was 90% for 1 hour but silymarin in powder, only 25% for 2 hours, 4) On oral administration in rats, AUC0-12h was 18.1 times and Cmax, 30.6 times, Tmax, 3/5 times those of silymarin in saline, respectively. The results suggest that EMUSIFIERAIDDS™ was a successful emulsifier for silymarin. All these procedures are very complicated and thus should be operated by a computer program in the future, that is AI-based Drug Delivery System (AIDDS™). The data obtained in the present study will be used for establishing the AIDDS™ program.

A Study of Cultivating Ginseng for Promoting Growth of Ginseng and Enhancing Resistance to Damages by Blight and Harmful Insects

Junkee Hong(홍준기),Jiwon Lee(이지원),Sungsu Kim(김성수),Dong Yun Hyun(현동윤),Ji Won Moon(문지원) 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2020 No.10

Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses

Hong Junkee,이태경,김인혜,이승아,전병주,이지원,원무호,김성수 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.4

Background: Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. extract (EAPE)) containing scutellarin and chlorogenic acid as major components has been reported to relieve mental stress in human subjects, which is reflected in improved scores in psychometric tests measuring levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-stress activity of Fameyes and to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-stress activity using in vitro and in vivo models of stresses. Results: First, we tested the effect of Fameyes on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells (human neurofibroma cell lines). Corticosterone induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but treatment with Fameyes inhibited these cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. However, CMRE and EAPE (components of Fameyes) did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of corticosterone individually. Next, we tested the effects of Fameyes on rats that were exposed to different kinds of stresses for four weeks. When the stressed rats were treated with Fameyes, their immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests decreased. A reduction was also observed in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Furthermore, upon oral administration of Fameyes, serum serotonin levels increased. These in vitro and in vivo results support the anti-stress effects of Fameyes. Conclusions: In vitro experiments showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, in vivo experiments using rats showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in blood and tissue levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and serotonin, as well as the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. However, we did not specifically investigate which ingredient or ingredients showed anti-stress effects, although we reported that Fameyes contained chlorogenic acid and scutellarin major ingredients.

Brain Factor-7® improves learning and memory deficits and attenuates ischemic brain damage by reduction of ROS generation in stroke in vivo and in vitro

Yoohun Noh,안지현,이지원,Junkee Hong,Tae-Kyeong Lee,Bora Kim,Sung-Su Kim,원무호 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.3

Brain Factor-7® (BF-7), silk fibroin peptide, is known to be effective in improvement of memory and learning ability. In this study, the effects of BF-7 (10 mg/kg, p.o., pre-treatment for 7 days and post-treatment for 7 days) on neuroprotection and memory and learning functions were investigated in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and a gerbil model of transient global forebrain ischemia. Furthermore, to find the mechanism of BF-7, we examined the neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of BF-7 in vitro using neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In vivo model, treatment with BF-7 significantly reduced the number of errors in 8-arm maze test and significantly increased latency time in passive avoidance test at 7 days after focal ischemia compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. In addition, treatment with BF-7 significantly decreased the infarct size or neuronal death at 7 day following transient ischemia compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. In vitro model, 10 or 20 μg/ml of BF-7 treatment significantly increased cell viability in dose-dependent manner. In addition, oxidative stress was significantly attenuated in the ischemic cells, showing that 10 or 20 μg/ml of BF-7 treatment significantly reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to that in the ischemic cells. These results indicate that BF-7 treatment can attenuate ischemic damages and improve memory deficits via reduction of ROS generation.

(종합) 수도권 지진 특성과 단층 활동

홍태경(Tae-Kyung Hong),이준형(Junhyung Lee),박성준(Seongjun Park),김병우(Byeongwoo Kim),정동찬(Dongchan Chung),이정인(Jeongin Lee),길동우(Dongwoo Kil),김일구(Ilgoo Kim),김우한(Woohan Kim),이준기(Junkee Rhie),신동훈(Dong-Hoon Sheen),장 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

수도권 지역은 세계적으로도 인구밀도가 높은 지역으로, 약 2천만명의 사람들이 거주하고 있다. 계기지진기록으로 확인된 수도권 지역 지진 발생 빈도는 높지 않지만, 과거 역사지진 기록은 지진 피해 발생 가능성을 지시하고 있다. 또한 추가령 단층, 포천 단층, 왕숙천 단층 등 제4기 단층이 수도권 지역을 가로지르고 있어, 이들 단층의 활성 여부에 따라 지진 위험도가 크게 달라질 가능성이 있다. 2016년 규모5.8의 경주지진 이후 수도권 지역의 지진 위험성에 대한 우려가 증가했다. 지난 4년간 수도권 지역에 임시 관측소 60개소가 운영되었다. 임시 관측소와 지역내 국가 관측망을 활용하여, 지진을 탐지하고 분석하였다. 탐지된 지진의 진원요소와 단층면해가 결정되었으며, 기존 계기지진기록과 비교되었다. 또한 관측망에 기록된 원거리 및 국지지진거리 지진 자료 및 배경 잡음을 활용하여 상부지각 토모그래피와 수신함수 분석을 통해 지각구조를 파악한다. 지진 분포와 단층면해 분포를 통해 단층의 자세와 위치를 추론한다. 특히 추가령 단층대를 가로지르는 탄성파 탐사가 2020년과 2021년에 3개 측선, 총 연장 ~60 km 거리에 구간 길이에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 그동안 수행된 지진 및 지각구조 연구 결과를 종합하고, 수도권 지역 단층의 활성화 여부에 대해 토의한다.

배경잡음 토모그래피를 이용한 수도권 상부지각 전단파 속도구조 및 이방성 연구

이상준(Sang-Jun Lee),이준기(Junkee Rhie),홍태경(Tae-Kyung Hong),길동우(Dongwoo Kil),이준형(Junhyung Lee) 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

수도권 지역에서 발생하는 미소 지진원의 정밀한 위치 결정 및 재해 평가 등을 위해서는 이 지역에 대한 고해상도의 천부 속도구조 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2020년 7월부터 2021년 4월까지 수도권 임시관측망(61개소) 및 수도권에 설치된 기상청 및 지질자원연구원의 상시관측소(28개소)에 기록된 연속파형 자료에 배경잡음 토모그래피 방법을 적용하여 수도권 상부지각(0~5 km)에 대한 전단파 속도구조 및 이방성 모델을 작성했다. 총 3838개 관측소 쌍에 대하여 수직 및 수평 성분에 대한 상호상관 함수들을 구하고, 이에 multiple filter technique을 적용하여 Rayleigh파와 Love 파의 fundamental mode에 대한 군속도 분산 곡선을 측정했다. 그리고 측정된 분산 자료의 수가 1000개 이상인 주기(0.5~5 s)에 대하여 Fast marching method 및 subspace method를 반복수행해여, 각 주기에 대한 군속도 지도를 작성했다. 최종 3차원 전단파속도구조 및 이방성 모델을 작성하기 위해, 0.02°x0.02° 격자로 나누고 각 지점에 대한 1차원 역산을 가변차원-계층적 베이지안 역산 방법(hierarchical and transdimensional Bayesian inversion)을 적용하여 수행했다. 작성된 전단파 속도구조 및 이방성 분포는 경기북부 및 서울지역의 지형 및 지질도를 통해 확인할 수 있는 남북 방향의 선형구조와 유사한 경향을 보인다. 또한 경기 남부에서 산발적으로 나타나는 산지의 분포와도 상관관계를 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 경향은 기존에 지질학적 연구들을 통해 알려진 다양한 관입구조 및 단층선들과 관계가 있을 것으로 보이며, 작성된 고해상도 전단파 속도구조 및 이방성 모델은 추후 미소지진의 위치결정 등 추가적인 지진학적 분석을 통해 이 지역의 복잡한 지질구조와의 구체적은 상관관계를 파악하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Effects of CPAE for Post-Menopausal Hot Flush in Rat Models

Joohyun Oh,Haneul Jo,Inae Kwak,Jimin Kim,Bomi Kim,Junkee Hong,Chansung Park,Yongwook Lee,Kwontaek Yi,Gyuok Lee,Jaeyong Kim,SangO Pan,Huwan Kang,Chulyung Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Protective Effect of TOSCARE™ on Toxic Actions by Reactive Oxygen Species and Heavy Metals

Noh Yoo-Hun,Jeon Byung-Ju,Lee Seungah,Myeong Jaeho,Kim Ga-Young,이지원,김성수,Hong Junkee 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.1

Toscano (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) and Ussuri thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.) are known to have a beneficial effect on the liver function possibly through antioxidant action. In the present study, the combined extract of both plants, named TOSCARE™ was prepared and tested for its effects on cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by heavy metals. TOSCARE™ inhibited the death of HepG2 cells by treatment with H2O2 and Tacrine known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the same experiment, TOSCARE™ was observed to remove ROS, inhibit the increased expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 and suppress the decreased expression of Bcl-2 and ERK. TOSCARE™ also showed the preventive effect on hepatotoxicity induced by heavy metals (Pb, Cd) in rats, which was supported by the blood chemistry data: aspartate aminotransferase from 301 ± 64.20 to 197.9 ± 21.95 U/L (P < 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase from 313.00 ± 61.73 to 174.18 ± 21.76 U/L (P < 0.05), and blood urea nitrogen from 27.78 ± 2.18 mg/ to 18.95 ± 0.74 mg/dL (P < 0.05). The results obtained suggest that TOSCARE™ can have beneficial effects on cell and organ damages induced by ROS and heavy metals.