Effect of Dietary Supplements on Vitamin and Mineral Intake Among Koreans: Data From the 2018-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hwang Moon Yeong,Hong Jiyoun 건강기능식품미래포럼 2023 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.3 No.1

A growing number of Koreans are taking vitamins and minerals as dietary supplements. However, whether the nutrients consumed through these supplements meet the recommended daily intake is unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed the data of 15,532 people who participated in The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2018 and 2020. The survey assessed the reference nutrient intake and estimated average requirement of the participants, both supplement users and non-users. Our findings revealed that: 1) the percentage of supplement users increased from 61% in 2018 to 75% in 2020, with the highest growth rate seen in probiotics users; 2) non-users of supplements had a lower intake of individual vitamins and minerals than supplement users; and 3) odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that most of the nutrients examined showed OR less than one, meaning that the majority of Koreans are not meeting the recommended daily intake of vitamins and minerals, even with the use of dietary supplements. These results suggest that more attention should be paid to the recommended intake of nutrients and dietary supplements to meet these requirements.

Immunoenhancing Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Powder in BALB/c Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide

Lee Mi-Hyang,Kyung Jong-Soo,Kim Sung Won,In Gyo,Park Chae-Kyu,Hyun Sun Hee 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

The immune-enhancing effects of Korean red ginseng was examined using Korean red ginseng powder (KRGP) in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated male BALB/c mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group); control, CY, CY + 2% KRGP, and CY + 4% KRGP. Control and CY groups were fed normal diet and the groups of CY + 2% KRGP and CY + 4% KRGP fed the normal diet containing 2 or 4% KRGP, respectively for 4 weeks. For the study on cell numbers of total splenic cells, lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell activity, CY (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 3 days before sacrifice and for the study on the antibody forming activity, sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and CY (50 mg/kg) was injected 5 and 4 days intraperitoneally, respectively. CY was shown to decrease the weight of body, spleen and thymus, the numbers of total splenic cells, cells of lymphocyte subpopulation (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and B cells), antibody-forming cells to SRBC as well as the NK cell activity. However, all these decreases by CY were prevented in KRGPtreated groups significantly and the effects were dose-dependent. Thus, the observed results strongly support that Korean Red Ginseng has an immune-stimulating activity.

Comparisons of Yield, Amino Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Ten Extracts of Gryllus bimaculatus (Two-Spotted Cricket) Prepared by Different Methods

Jeong Wonyoung,Kim Chulmin,Kim An-Na,Choi Younggi,Kim Jong Rae,Jeong Myeongsoo,Jeong Yoonhwa,Kim Joong-Hark 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

Rapid increase of human population together with environmental changes to reduce crop yields are threatening human survival since these problems are expected to cause food shortage soon. Edible insects are getting attention as a new food resource that can solve forthcoming food shortages since they are particularly rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, when they are used as food, it is important to prepare the extract formulation with high yield of proteins and other nutritional components with minimal damage to them. In this study, 5 extraction methods were used, which were hot water (HW), autoclave (AT), high pressure treatment for 5 minutes (HP5), high pressure treatment for 10 minutes (HP10) and enzymatic hydrolysis (ENZ), and ten extracts were prepared by using one of these methods or combinations thereof. The extracts prepared were HW, AT, AT/ENZ, AT/ENZ/HW HP5/HW, HP5/ENZ, HP5/ENZ/HW, HP10/HW, HP10/ENZ, HP10/ENZ/HW, which were investigated for yields, molecular sizes of the components, amino acid (AA) composition and antioxidant activities. The extracts prepared using ENZ method were observed to contain high contents of total AA, high ratio of essential/non-essential AA and high antioxidant activity. Thus, ENZ method is recommended to prepare the high quality-extract of this insect.

Study on Toxicity of Cornus alba L. Extract in Sprague Dawley Rats

Ki Cheon Kim,Jeong Tae-Bin,Kim Singeun,Kim Kyung-Mi,Choi Minjun,Jung Jae-Chul,이민원,Jeong Pan-Young 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

The leaves and stalk of Cornus alba L. have been known to have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulating and diuretic actions according to Korean traditional medical encyclopedia. Thus, this plant could be a useful candidate as a material for health functional foods and medicines. However, the safety should be ensured before it is developed as a product to be used for health. In the present study, the ethanol extract of leaves and stalk (extract of C. alba L. [ECA]) was prepared and tested for acute/subacute and gene toxicities according to the guidelines provided by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Also, we detected some antioxidants that can be used as indicator molecules and antioxidant activities by measuring the ability of scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and quercetin chosen as indicator molecules were clearly detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by peak areas in HPLC chromatograms, which were 2.2 ± 0.5 mg/g (chlorogenic acid), 6.4 ± 0.8 mg/g (gallic acid) and 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/g (quercetin), respectively. ECA was also shown to scavenge DPPH radicals with the activity comparable to that of ascorbate. On the other hand, ECA even at dose of 5,000 mg/kg did not show any particular responses and symptoms in hematology, blood chemistry and histology of liver and kidney. Death was not observed either. ECA showed negative results in the tests of reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus, indicating it has no genotoxicities. These results suggest that C. alba L. is a safe material that can be used as a health functional foods.

We Are Not Informed Enough

Kwang Suk Ko 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

None

In vitro Evidence that Ethanol Extract of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Fruits Inhibits the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages Stimulated by Particulate Matter2.5

김혜진,Kim Yujung,Zhang Ya,Lee Min-Chul,Om Ae-Son 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

In the present study, Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential with respect to its effect on cell viability, radical scavenging activities and effect on inflammatory response of macrophage particularly stimulated by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). On MTT test using RAW 264.7 cells (a cell line of macrophage), the extract of Aronia fruit (EAF) up to 500 μg/mL did not affect the viability of these cells, suggesting it is not toxic to cells. EAF was also shown to have antioxidant activity, which was supported by the following results. 1) The IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of EAF were 718.13 μg/mL and 201.72 μg/mL, respectively. 2) At 5 mg/mL of EAF, ferrous ion-reducing power of EAF was 3193.57 ± 0.03 μM. 3) EAF was found to have polyphenolic contents. When total polyphenolic content (TPC) was estimated in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE), the TPC of EAF was 23.4 ± 0.29 GAE mg/g. EAF was also found to decrease the expressions of TNF-α and iNOS in PM2.5-treated-RAW 264.7 cells. These results support that EAF has antioxidant action and inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages stimulated by various agents including particulate matters, suggesting that Aronia melanocarpa can be a herb to provide useful ingredients against the hazard by particulate matters.

My Opinion on the Report of ILSI Korea on ‘System of Function Claims for the General Food’

Yhun Yhong Sheen 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

None

Genomic and Toxicity Studies on Bifidobacterium bifidum IDCC 4201 and Bifidobacterium longum IDCC 4101 Isolated from Feces of Breast-Fed Infants

Kim Hayoung,Seung A Chae,Lee Minjee,Soo-Yeon Yang,Ban O-Hyun,Jung Young Hoon,Yang Jungwoo 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

As global interest in probiotics as functional food or health supplement increases, their safety for human consumption is emerging as a major issue. We isolated 2 strains of Bifidobacterium, that are Bifidobacterium bifidum IDCC 4201 and Bifidobacterium longum IDCC 4101 from feces of breast-fed infants. In the present study, they were characterized with respect to their harmful actions in cellular and animal experiments and the suitability as probiotics. B. bifidum IDCC 4201 and B. longum IDCC 4101 were both negative for hemolytic and β-glucuronidase activities. In addition, they were susceptible to 9 different antibiotics suggested by the European Food Safety Authority. In accordance with minimal inhibitory concentration results, whole-genome analysis indicates that the strains harbored neither antibiotic resistance nor toxigenic genes. Furthermore, they produced no biogenic amines, including tyramine and histamine, and no D-lactate. Finally, single-dose oral toxicity tests showed that the strains also had no harmful effect on rats. Thus, these results suggest that the probiotic strains B. bifidum IDCC 4201 and B. longum IDCC 4101 are safe for human consumption.

Hwang Chan Go, a Mixture of Onion, Garlic and Wild Rice Extracts, Reduces the Release of Mediators from Mast Cell in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Lung in Mice

Hong Gwan Ui,Hong Eun Young,Chung Myung-Hee,노재열 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

Hwang Chan Go (HCG), a mixture of extracts of Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic) or Zizania latifolia (wild rice) was shown to have anti-allergic activities but its mechanism of action has not been elucidated yet. Thus, HCG was examined for its effects on the allergic responses in B57bl/6 mice with asthma induced with ovalbumin (OVA). HCG, when administered to the OVA-induced allergic mice, was found to reduce levels of OVA-specific IgE, infiltration of inflammatory cells including mast cells into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissues, bronchial goblet cell hyperplasia, expression of eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP), mucin 5ac (Muc5ac), migration molecules, cytokines and COX1/2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), c-kit and tryptase in the lung tissues, the release of granular mediator (histamine) and newly synthetized mediators (PGD2 and LTC4) and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The data suggest that HCG has a therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.

Comparison of the Properties of the Extracts Prepared by a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Method under Four Different Conditions

Kang Wonseok,Auh Joong-Hyuck 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.4

Pimpinella brachycarpa (chamnamul) is traditionally used as edible vegetable as well as medicinal plant in Asian regions. In this study, four extracts of Pimpinella brachycarpa leaves were prepared by the supercritical carbon dioxide method under four different conditions (cosolvent pump [CP], basket soaking [BS], CO2-ethanol washing [CE] and CO2-hexane washing [CH]) and the extracts obtained were compared with respects to yield, antioxidant activity and acquisition of active (metabolomic) components. The highest yield (g of dried extract/g of dried leaves) was obtained from the extract prepared by BS condition (5.89%). Antioxidant activity was assayed by contents of phenolic compounds that were measured by gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g extract) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities. The total phenolic content was highest in the extract by CP and the activity of DPPH radical scavenging was higher in the extracts by BS and CH. However, the scavenging activity of the extracts by CE and CH was more than 10 times higher than that by CP and BS, meaning that CE and CH conditions are suitable for extracting antioxidant compounds. Metabolomic analysis also showed a significantly different profile among the extracts. These results indicate that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method prepares the extracts of different properties depending upon the conditions used and thus, provide useful information for the study on separation and identification of active compounds from medicinal plants.